module 12 – Flashcards

The ability of a male to ejaculate is due to the action of ________. the bulbospongiosus muscles the dartos muscle luteinizing hormone parasympathetic nerves

Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins? testosterone LH GnRH FSH

Sperm are ejaculated from the corpora cavernosa of the penis. True False

Which of the choices below is not a part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis? anterior pituitary gland hypothalamus interstitial cells thalamus

The soft mucosal lining of the uterus is the endometrium. True False

Which is not a part of the proliferative phase of the female menstrual cycle? development of endometrial cells vesicular follicle growth late in this phase, cervical mucus becomes thin and crystalline corpus luteum

Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is not true? Each spermatid forms two sperm. The secondary spermatocytes each form two spermatids. The primary spermatocyte forms two secondary spermatocytes. The spermatogonium forms the primary spermatocyte.

Which of the following statements about the female reproductive process is not true? The monthly discharge of the uterus (menses) is initiated by the decrease in secretion of female hormones. Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tube. Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin. Ovulation usually occurs 14 days after the beginning of menses.

Which of the following statements about sperm is not true? They are sluggish in an alkaline environment. The acrosome is produced by the Golgi apparatus and contains hydrolytic enzymes. The sperm midpiece consists of mitochondria spiraled tightly around the contractile filaments of the tail. They contain very little cytoplasm or stored nutrients.

Which of the choices below is not a function of the vagina? serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte serves as a passageway for menstrual flow receives semen from the penis during sexual intercourse serves as the birth canal

The corpus luteum secretes progesterone only. True False

The molecule that enhances the ability of testosterone to promote spermatogenesis is inhibin. True False

The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called the ________. infundibula fallopian tubes fimbriae Graafian follicles

The zona pellucida is formed as the follicle becomes a secondary follicle. True False

The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ________. interstitial endocrine cells sustentacular cells spermatogonia spermatocytes

Fertilization generally occurs in the ________. fallopian tubes ovary uterus vagina

Erection of the penis results from ________. a parasympathetic reflex parasympathetic activation of the bulbourethral glands a sympathetic reflex dilation of the veins in the penis

It is necessary for the testes to be kept below body temperature for abundant, viable sperm formation. True False

Which male hormone inhibits the secretion of FSH? inhibin GnRH ICSH ACTH

Which of the following glands are responsible for 70% of the synthesis of semen? the prostate the pituitary the seminal vesicles the bulbourethral glands

If gametes were diploid like somatic cells, how many chromosomes would the zygote contain? There is no relationship between gametes and somatic cells. half the diploid number with no change in development triple the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to triple and normal development would not occur twice the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to double and normal development could not occur

All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true except ________. a decrease in the levels of ovarian hormones signals menstruation the corpus luteum is formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium estrogen is secreted by the developing follicle in the follicular phase of the cycle

Spermiogenesis involves the ________. formation of a functional sperm by the stripping away of superfluous cytoplasm movement of sperm in the female genital tract formation of four haploid cells from a spermatogonium sequence of events in the rete testis

The testicular cells that construct the blood-testis barrier are the ________. sustentocytes interstitial cells spermatogonia spermatocytes

Which of these statements about sexually transmitted infections is false? Genital herpes is caused by a virus that may cause intermittent lesions. Syphilis is caused by a virus that may lead to death if untreated. Chlamydia is caused by bacteria that can often be asymptomatic or bring on a wide variety of symptoms. Gonorrhea is caused by a bacterium that can bring on painful discharges in males.

The "master switch" for male reproductive development is ________. presence of testosterone the SRY gene inhibition of estrogen lack of an X chromosome

Which hormone is absolutely necessary for ovulation to occur? LH FSH estrogen progesterone

Pain during ovulation is called dysmenorrhea. True False

Female orgasm is required for conception. True False

Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary glands of both males and females? All lumps identified in breast tissue are malignant. The only time hormones target breast tissue is during pregnancy and lactation. Both sexes are equally prone to breast cancer. The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are actually part of the integumentary system.

A scrotal muscle that contracts in response to cold environmental temperature is the cremaster. True False

A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released, but LH is normal. After he grows to maturity, one would expect that he would ________. not develop secondary sex characteristics be unable to produce viable sperm have impaired function of interstitial cells be impotent (unable to have an erection)

During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle ________. progesterone levels are at their highest the Graafian follicle forms LH reaches its highest levels estrogen reaches its highest levels

The male urethra serves the urinary system only. True False

Which of the following occurs as a result of undescended testes? Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced. Sperm will have no means of exit from the body. Male sex hormones will not be circulated in the body. Inadequate blood supply will retard the development of the testes.

How do the testes respond to exposure to excessive body warmth? Excessive warmth has no effect on the testicles because of their location in the scrotum. They move away from the pelvic cavity. They move close to the pelvic cavity. Excessive warmth is actually beneficial in that it speeds up the maturation of sperm.

Which of the following phases or processes in the monthly reproductive cycle of the female occur simultaneously? A) maximal LH secretion and menstruation B) maximal steroid secretion by the corpus luteum and menstruation C) early follicular development and the secretory phase in the uterus D) regression of the corpus luteum and a decrease in ovarian progesterone secretion

Prostate cancer is _______. A) the number one cause of death in men B) sometimes a slow-growing cancer that may never represent a threat to the patient C) most common in Asians D) often the result of a distortion of the urethra

Failure to attain erection is called impotence. True False

If gametes were diploid like somatic cells, how many chromosomes would the zygote contain? A) twice the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to double and normal development could not occur B) triple the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to triple and normal development would not occur C) half the diploid number with no change in development D) There is no relationship between gametes and somatic cells.

Select the correct statement about testosterone control. A) GnRh from the hypothalamus causes FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary. B) FSH stimulates testicular production of testosterone. C) Inhibin and testosterone exert positive feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary. D) The pineal gland is believed to be the gland that exerts the most influence in testosterone control.

The constancy of the chromosome number from one cell generation to the next is maintained through ________. A) mitosis B) meiosis C) cytokinesis D) DNA synthesis

The Pap smear is a test to detect cancerous changes in cells of the cervix. True False

The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system. Which of the following is true about the role they play? A) They contract to push sperm along the ductus deferens. B) They regulate the temperature of the testes. C) They are responsible for penile erection. D) They contract to allow ejaculation.

The first sign of puberty in females is budding breasts. True False

Select the correct statement about male sexual response. A) Sympathetic impulses are responsible for causing penile arteriolar dilation, resulting in erection. B) Erection is the result of vascular spaces in the erectile tissues filling with blood. C) Expansion of the penile tissues results in dilation of the venous outflow. D) Ejaculation is the result of parasympathetic stimulation.

Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature ovum. One came from an unequal division of the ovum, but from where did the other two arise? A) There were originally four polar bodies and one disappeared. B) One is an undeveloped primary oocyte that failed to mature. C) The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies. D) What you really see are two polar bodies and the sperm that will fertilize the egg.

A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult would cause ________. A) decreased testosterone secretion B) excessive beard growth C) increased spermatogenesis D) shrinkage of the anterior pituitary gland