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Occupation-Based Models of Practice Definition

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An organizing technique designed to categorize ideas and structure approaches to thinking about a problem

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Occupation-Based Models of Practice include what four elements?

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1. Person 2. Environment 3. Occupation 4. Occupational Performance

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What do Occupational Performance models do?

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They identify and define the interrelationship of multiple systems including various elements of the person, the environment, and the occupation

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6 Assumptions about occupation that support the current occupation-based models:

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1. It is a basic human need 2. It is an essential component of human life 3. It organizes behavior 4. It gives meaning to life 5. It enables a healthy lifestyle 6. It improves an individual's quality of life

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What are the 5 Occupation-Based Models of Practice?

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1. Occupational Behavior Model 2. Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) 3. Occupational Adaptation 4. Ecology of Human Performance (EHP) 5. Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance Model (PEOP)

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Occupational Behavior Model was created by:

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Mary Reilly

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Occupational Behavior Model was created to:

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Articulate a general theory of OT that would explain why occupation was the media and method of the field

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What is the central premise of Mary Reilly's Occupational Behavior Model of 1969?

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"Man, through the use of his hands as they are energized by his mind and will, can influence the state of his own health"

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What are the four ATTRIBUTES of Mary Reilly's Occupation Behavior Model of 1969?

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1. Combo of philosophy, psychology, social psychology, sociology, and anthropology 2. Must occupy time, involve achievement, and address economic realities 3. Appropriate for all ages and abilities 4. Prevents and reduces disruptions and incapacities

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Mary Reilly's reasons for creating the Occupational Behavior Model:

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1. Reilly opposed the medical model 2. She believed the potential of OT was diminishing from originator's intent 3. The role of medicine is to prevent and reduce illness, but the role of OT was to prevent and reduce INCAPACITIES that came from illness.

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Occupational Behavior Model Basic ASSUMPTIONS:

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1. Man has a need to master, alter, and improve his environment 2. Occupation is intrinsically motivating 3. Humans have a psychological need for occupation and suffer when it's lacking

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What is the main concern of the Occupational Behavior Model?

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To prevent and reduce disruptions and incapacities of an occupational behavior that results from injury or illness

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Occupational Behavior Model Interventions

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Thought of more as a process, not tasks to do or use -Enhance a client's strengths -Incorporate client's interests -Use play and leisure to develop skills -Use a variety of media

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MOHO Model was created by:

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Gary Kielhofner

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MOHO--Model of Human Occupation-- is based one what FOUR ideas?

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1. Motivation to interact with environment 2. Feedback effects ones interpretation to increase or decrease motivation 3. Mind/Body connection 4. Components are: Volition, Habituation, and Performance Capacity

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MOHO's definition

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A conceptual practice model that is a set of evolving theoretical arguments that are translated into a specific technology for practice and refined and tested through research.

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MOHO's MAIN idea:

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There is an interactive nature between the person and his environment and how this relationship contributes to one's source of motivation, patterns of behavior, and performance.

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What are MOHO's 3 premises?

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1. Humans are intrinsically motivated to interact with their environment through meaningful activities 2. Positive feedback and interpretation results in a positive success cycle 3. Negative feedback may result in negative interpretation and a lack of motivation to participate.

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Occupational Adaptation Model has what FOUR main constructs?

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1. Occupations 2. Personal Adaptive Capacity 3. Relative Mastery 4. Process (person, environment, and the interaction between them)

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Occupation Adaptation Occupations are defined as:

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1. They actively involve the person 2. They are meaningful to the person 3. The process or product may be tangible or intangible

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Occupation Adaptation Adaptive Capacity is defined as:

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1. A person's ability to recognize the need for change to achieve relative mastery 2. Occurs when a person's response does not meet the challenges of an occupation and now has to modify behaviors to achieve outcome.

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Occupation Adaptation Relative Mastery is defined as:

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1. Efficiency 2. Effectiveness 3. Satisfactions

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The Ecology of Human Performance Model

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Winnie Dunn and Mary Jane Youngstrom -Designed to be used by other practitioners, not just OT -This is the context and intervention portion of Practice Framework

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The Ecology of Human Performance Model Assumptions

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Human performance is best understood by examining the relationship of PERSON, CONTEXT, and TASK -A change in any of the 3 components will always impact the other 2 -Performance occurs when a person engages in task within a context

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The Ecology of Human Performance Model has what FOUR constructs?

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1. Person 2. Task 3. Context 4. Person/Context/Task interaction

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In the Ecology of Human Performance Model, PERSON is defined as:

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1. A person with his own configuration of abilities, experiences, and sensorimotor, cognitive, and psychosocial needs 2. Persons are unique and complex 3. Personal meaning of occupations influence performance

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In the Ecology of Human Performance Model, TASKS are defined as:

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1. An objective set of behaviors necessary to accomplish a goal 2. An infinite # of tasks for each person 3. Roles shape task 4. Tasks become occupations when a transactional relationship exists between person, task, & context

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In the Ecology of Human Performance Model, CONTEXT is defined as:

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Temporal Aspect: age, development, level, etc. Environmental Aspect: physical, social, cultural

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In the The Ecology of Human Performance Model, PERSON-CONTEXT-TASK-TRANSACTION is defined as:

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1. A major variable in task performance 2. Ecology is the relationship between person and environment and how the environment affects task performance 3. Task perfomance in turn affects the person 4. This interaction leads to human performance

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What does PEOP stand for?

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Person Environment Occupational Performance Model

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PEOP Model

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-Developed in 2005 by Charles Christiansen and Carolyn Baum -transaction among people + occupations + environments = occupational performance -applied to individuals, organizations and populations focus on occupations and performance which influences life roles

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The PEOP model has what THREE foundations?

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1. People are naturally motivated to explore their world and demonstrate mastery 2. Settings in which people experience success help them feel good about themselves 3. Through occupation, people develop their self-identity and derive a sense of fulfillment

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The PEOP model has FOUR major constructs which include:

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1. Person 2. Environment 3. Occupation 4. Occupational Performance and Participation

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In the PEOP model, the PERSON is defined as:

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A series of intrinsic factors that compose one's set of skills and abilities

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In the PEOP model, the ENVIRONMENT is defined as:

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Extrinsic characteristics in which impact participation (i.e. built, natural, cultural, societal, social interaction, economic).

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In the PEOP model, OCCUPATION is defined as:

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Activities that people do to manage their daily lies, grouped in some meaningful way so that the person can carry out life roles. (They follow a sequential pattern of complexity: 1. abilities 2. actions 3. tasks 4. occupations 5. social and occupational roles)

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In the PEOP model, OCCUPATION PERFORMANCE AND PARTICIPATION is defined as:

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The culmination of doing occupation. The interaction of intrinsic factors + extrinsic factors + chosen occupation = performance and participation.

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Interventions of PEOP

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Use assistive technology to modify the environment adapt the environment address sensory, physiological, cognitive, psychological and spiritual facts

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Populations of PEOP

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Health promotion programs community based and rehab centers

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