Mitosis and Meiosis – Flashcards
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interphase
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phase before mitosis; growth of cell and preparation for division
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prophase
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chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear envelope disappears, spindle fibers start to form
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G1
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growth and functioning
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Synthesis
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DNA replicates
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G2
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organelles replicate in preparation for division
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metaphase
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chromosomes, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
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anaphase
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the sister chromatids seperate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart
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telophase
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chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear membranes form; cleavage furrow begins
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cytokinesis
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splitting of the cytoplasm
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mitosis
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splitting of the nucleus
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sister chromatids
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Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated
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centromere
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area connecting sister chromatids
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spindle fibers
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microtubules that extend from the centrioles and guide chromosome movement
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nucleus
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organelle that initiates cell division
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somatic cell
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all human body cells; not the gametes
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diploid
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having two sets of chromosomes; all somatic cells
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haploid
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having one set of chromosomes; the gametes
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gamete
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sex cell; egg or sperm
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zygote
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fertilized egg
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sexual
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reproduction combining genetic info from two parents
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asexual
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reproduction by one parent as a result of cell division
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cell plate
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forms in plant cells to form new cell membrane and cell wall
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meiosis
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cell division producing gametes
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variation
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differences in members of a population
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homologous pair
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each of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes
