MIS 300: Chapter 13: Intelligent Information Systems

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The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is also known as:

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Waterfall model

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During the __________ phase, the systems designer must define the problem the organization faces, taking care not to define symptoms rather than the underlying problem.

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Planning

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________ users include customers, contractors, suppliers, and other business partners.

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External

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______ users are employees who will use the system regularly, and they can offer important feedback on the system's strengths and weaknesses.

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Internal

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______ centers on a structured workshop in which users and system professionals come together to develop an application.

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JAD

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________ Feasibility assesses a system's costs and benefits.

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Economic

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_____ costs measure what you would miss by not having a system or feature.

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Opportunity

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Which of the following is an example of a tangible benefit?

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New system resulting in increased profits

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_______ Feasibility is the measure of how well the proposed solution will work in the organization and how internal and external customers will react to it.

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Operational

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________ feasibility is concerned with whether the new system can be completed on time.

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Scheduling

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_______ feasibility is concerned with issues, such as political repercussions and meeting the requirements of the Information Privacy Act.

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Legal

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In the _________ phase, analysts define the problem and generate alternatives for solving it.

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Requirements-gathering and analysis

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The _______ document is created during the requirements-gathering and analysis.

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system specifications

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A ______ Helps break down a complex process but does not show data elements and associations.

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Data Flow diagram

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A ______ illustrates the logical steps in a process but does not show data elements and associations.

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Flow chart

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A ______ shows a process at a more general level and is helpful for showing top management and the task force how a process works.

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Context diagram

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A ______ helps analysts understand the date requirements a system must meet by defining data elements and showing associations between them.

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Conceptual data model

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During the ______ phase, analysts choose the solution that is the most realistic and offers the highest payoff for the organization.

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Design

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In the design phase, the _________ design is an overview of the system and does not include hardware or software choices.

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Conceptual

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In the design phase, the _______ design is an overview of the system that indicates hardware and software, such as specifying Linux servers and Windows clients.

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Logical

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During the design phase, the _____ design is created for a specific platform, such as choosing Dell servers running Ubuntu Linux and Java for the programming language.

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Physical

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CASE tools are mainly used during the ____ phase of the SDLC.

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Design

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A _____ prototype shows users how a particular task that was not technically feasible can be done.

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proof-of-concept

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During the ____ phase, the solution is transferred from paper to action, and the team configures they system and procures components for it.

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Implementation

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In _______ conversion, the old and new systems run simultaneously for a short time to ensure the new system works correctly.

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Parallel

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In ______ conversion, as each module of the new system is converted, the corresponding part of the old system is retired.

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phased-in-phased-out

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In ______ conversion, the old system is stopped and the new system is implemented.

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Plunge

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In ______ conversion, the analyst introduces the system in only a limited area of the organization, such as a division or department.

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Pilot

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With ________ outsourcing, the organization chooses an outsourcing company in the same company.

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onshore

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With _______ outsourcing, the organization chooses an outsourcing company in a neighboring country.

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nearshore

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With _______ outsourcing, the organization chooses an outsourcing company in any part of the world.

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offshore

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During the _____ phase, the information system is operating, enhancements and modifications to the system

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maintenance

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_____ is a philosophy and a software and system development methodology that focuses on the development, use, and reuse of small, self-contained blocks of codes to meet the software components have been added or replaced.

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SOA

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________ uses an iterative process that repeats the design, development, and testing steps as needed, based on feedback from users.

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RAD

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________ is a method for developing software applications and information system projects in which the project is divided into smaller functions and developers can not go on to the next phase until the current phase is finished.

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XP

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One of the requirements of a computer that can support artificial intelligence is to _______.

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Be able to deal with new situations based on previous learning

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In the AI field, _______ engineers try to discover "rule of thumb" that enables human to perform tasks usually handled by computers.

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Knowledge

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An example of ________ analysis involves entering a customer account number and having the system display the customer's current balance.

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what-is

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In the context of the decision making analysis that use information technology, _______ analysis is available in spreadsheet programs such as Microsoft Excel.

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what-if

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______ perform well at simple, repetitive tasks and can be used to free workers from tedious or hazardous jobs.

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Robots

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_______ is an example of a programming language for controlling robots.

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Variable Assembly Language (VAL)

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______ systems have been one of the successful artificial intelligent related technologies.

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Expert

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______ was the first expert system developed to determine the chemical structure of molecules.

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DENDRAL

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_____ is an example of an expert system that can be applied to various financial applications.

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PortBlue

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______ is an example of an expert system used for monitoring consumer sentiments in blogs, comment sections, and Web-based articles.

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COGITO

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In the context of expert systems, ______ consists of common sense, rule of thumb, educated guesses, and instinctive judgements.

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heuristics

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A (n) _____ works with the knowledge base management system to ensure that the knowledge base is as up-to-date as possible.

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knowledge acquisition facility

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The knowledge based component must include, ______ which consists of rules related to a problem or discipline.

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heuristic knowledge

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______ enables an expert system to learn form experience and examine the extract relevant facts to determine the path to a solution.

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Meta-knowledge

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The _____ component of an expert is important because it helps gives users confidence in the system's results.

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explanation facility

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Within the context of the components an expert system, an _______ is similar to the model base component of a decision support system.

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Inference engine

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In forward chaining, the "______" condition is evaluated first.

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if

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In backward chaining, the expert system starts with the "______" condition.

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then

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Some banks use a(n) ______ system to qualify customers for loans, using parameters from past customers stored in a database.

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case-based reasoning

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The ________ characteristic of an intelligent agent demonstrates its capability to interact with users in a more natural language.

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Humanlike interface

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The ____ characteristic of an intelligent agent document demonstrates the agents' ability to learn from previous knowledge and go beyond information given previously.

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adaptability

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The ______ characteristic of an intelligent agent demonstrates the agent's ability to migrate from one platform to another with minimum of human intervention.

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mobility

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The ______ characteristic of an intelligent agent demonstrates the agent's ability to operate with minimum input.

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autonomy

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Intelligent agents demonstrate _____, the capability to select problems or situations that need attention and act on them.

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reactivity

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A ____ catalog display product descriptions based on customers' previous experiences and preferences.

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virtual

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A(n) ____ can be used to automatically fill out Web forms.

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personal agent

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Data mining agents work with a _____, detecting trends and discovering new information and relationships among data items that were not readily apparent.

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data warehouse

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_____ agents usually track and report on computer equipment and network systems to predict when a system crash failure might occur.

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Monitoring and surveillance

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TVs that adjust screen color and texture for each frame and stabilize the volume based on the viewer's location in the room are demonstrating ____.

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fuzzy logic

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____ was developed so that users could communicate with computers in their own language.

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Natural-language processing

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With ____ technology, a Web server delivers information to users who have signed up for this service instead of waiting for user requests to send the information.

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push

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Network administrators use ___ technology to get antivirus updates downloaded on employees' workstations automatically.

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push

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With the ____ model, users don't need to be concerned with new software versions and compatibility problems because the application service providers offer the most recent version of the software.

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SaaS

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When using a(n) ____, IS personnel time is freed up to focus applications, such as customer relationship management and financial information systems, that are more strategically important to the organization.

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application service provider model

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_____ is also known as "on-demand software."

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SaaS

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____ is a Web-based personal financial management service that is an example of Saas.

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Mint.com

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____ uses computer-generated, three-dimensional images to create the illusion of interaction in a real-world environment.

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Virtual reality technology

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Within the context of virtual reality technology, _____ refers to giving users the sense that they're in another location, even one geographically far away and can manipulate objects as though they are actually in that location.

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telepresence

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Within the context of virtual reality technology, the main technology used in an exocentric environment is ______.

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3D graphics

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_____ component of a virtual reality system enable users to see and hear the virtual world.

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Visual and aural system

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Within the context of virtual reality technology, _____ refers to giving objects in a virtual reality environment texture and shading for a 3D appearance.

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simulation

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Within the context of virtual reality technology, _____ refers to enabling users to act on objects in a virtual reality environment, such as using a data glove to pick up and move objects.

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interaction

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Within the context of virtual reality technology, ______ refers to allowing users different locations to interact and manipulate the same world at the same time by connecting two or more virtual worlds.

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networked communication

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The ____ component of a virtual reality system is an input device that captures and records movements of the user's feet as the user turns in different directions.

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walker

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A cave automatic virtual environment (CAVE) is a virtual environment consisting of a _____ room in which the walls are rear projection screens.

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cube-shaped

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One major obstacle to using VR technology is that not enough _______ are currently available to carry out the data transmissions needed for a virtual reality environment.

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fiber optic cables

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Users interact via avatars in a(n) _____.

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virtual world

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____ is a small electronic device consisting of a small chip and an antenna, and performs the same task as bar codes.

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Radio frequency identification tag

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RFID tags have no internal power supply.

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Passive

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RFID tags can be embedded in a sticker or under the skin (human or animal).

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Active

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A(n) ________ is a matrix barcode consisting of black modules arranged in a square pattern on a white background.

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quick-response code

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_______ could be used to make sure people don't vote more than once.

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Biometrics

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_____ is a broadband wireless technology based on the IEEE 802.16 standards.

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WiMAX

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WiMAX is designed for wireless _______.

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metropolitan area networks

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Bluetooth can be used to create a ____, to communicate among computerized devices.

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personal area network

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One advantage of grid computing is _____, meaning more nodes can be added for additional computing power without affecting the networks operation.

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scalabilty

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In grid computing, each participant in a grid is referred to as "______."

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node

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An advantage of grid computing is _____, meaning that if one node on the grid fails, another node can take over.

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improved reliability

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_____ computing is a platform incorporating many recent technologies such as SaaS and Web 2.0 under one platform.

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Cloud

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______ computing is also known as on-demand computing.

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Utility

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Nanotechnology incorporates techniques that involve the structure and composition of materials on a ________.

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nanoscale

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______ have been added to sports gear, such as tennis and golf balls and tennis rackets, to make them more durable and improve their responsiveness.

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Nanomaterials

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______ is a series of well-defined phases performed in sequence that serves as a framework for developing a system or project.

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Systems Development life cycle (SDLC)

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During the _______ phase, the systems designer must define the problem the organization faces, taking care not to define symptoms rather than the underlying problem.

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planning

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________ users are employees who will use the system regularly, and they can offer important feedback on the system's strengths and weaknesses.

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Internal

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_______ centers on a structured workshop where users and system professionals come together to develop an application.

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Joint Application design (JAD)

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_______ feasibility assesses a system's costs and benefits.

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Economic

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______ feasibility is the measure of how well the proposed solution will work in the organization and how internal and external customers will react to it.

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Operational

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_____ feasibility is concerned with whether the new system can be completed on time.

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Scheduling

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The ______ approach treats process and data independently and is a sequential approach that requires completing the analysis before beginning the design.

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structured systems analysis and design (SSAD)

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A _____ is a modeling tool that illustrates the logical steps in a process but does not show data elements and associations.

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flowchart

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______ tools are particularly helpful for investigation and analysis in large-scale projects because they automate parts of the design phase.

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Computer-aided systems engineering (CASE)

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In ________, a small-scale version of the system is developed, but one that is large enough to illustrate the system's benefits and allow users to offer feedback.

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prototyping

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______ prototypes are used to sell a proposed system to users and management by showing some of its features and demonstrating how beneficial it could be to the organization.

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Selling

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_____ happens when an organization's team develops the system internally.

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Insourcing

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In _________, two programmers participate in one development effort at one workstation, and each programmer performs the action the other is not currently doing.

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pair programming

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________ is similar to XP in focusing on an incremental development process and timely delivery of working software.

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Agile methodology

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________ consists of related technologies that try to simulate and reproduce human thought behavior, including thinking, feeling, and reasoning.

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AI (artificial intelligence)

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In the context of the types of decision-making analyses, the ________ analysis is commonly used in transaction-processing systems and management information systems.

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what-is

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In the context of the types of decision-making analyses, the __________ analysis is used in decision support systems.

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what-if

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One of the most advanced and most popular robots is Honda's _______.

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Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility (ASIMO)

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A(n) ________ is a software package with manual or automated methods and incorporating new rules and facts so that the expert system is capable growth.

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knowledge acquisition facility

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In the context of the various components of a typical expert system, a _______ is similar to a database , but in addition to storing facts and figures, it keeps track of rules and explanations associated with facts.

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knowledge base

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In the context of the various components of a typical expert system, a(n)_________ performs tasks similar to what a human expert does by explaining to end users how recommendations are derived.

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explanation facility

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Within the context of the different techniques used by an inference engine to manipulate a series of rules, in ______, a series of "if-then-else" condition pairs are performed.

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forward chaining

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________ is a problem-solving technique that matches a new case (problem) with a previously solved case and its solution stored in a database.

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Case-based reasoning (CBR)

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_________ allows a smooth, gradual transition between human and computer vocabularies and deals with variations in linguistic terms by using a degree of membership.

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Fuzzy logic

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_________ are networks that learn and are capable of of performing tasks that are difficult with conventional computers.

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Artificial neural networks or ANNs

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_________ algorithms are used for optimization problems that deal with many input variables, such as jet engine design, portfolio development, and network design.

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Genetic

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A(n) ________ system provides a question-and-answer setting that's more natural and easier for people to use than a GUI.

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Natural language processing (NLP)

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In an NLP system, ________ involves accepting human language as input, carrying out the corresponding command, and generating the necessary output.

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interfacing

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In an NLP system, _________ involves using the computer to read large amounts of text and understand the information well enough to summarize important points and store information so that the system can respond to inquiries about the content.

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knowledge acquisition

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With _____ technology, a user states a need before getting information.

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pull

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Another name for push technology is _______.

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Webcasting

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________ service providers provide access to software or services for a fee.

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Application

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__________ is a model application service providers to deliver software to users for a fee.

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Software as a service (SaaS)

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Within the context of virtual reality, _________ refers to allowing users to move around freely by combing interactive environments with cameras, monitors, and other devices.

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Full-body immersion

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In a(n) __________ environment, the user is totally immersed in the VR world.

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egocentric

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In the ________ environment, VR environment, the user is given a "window-view".

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exocentric

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When manually controlling VR navigation, the most commonly used device is the ____________.

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data glove

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A(n) ___________ is a 2D or 3D graphical representation of a person in the virtual world.

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avatar

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Unlike bar codes and other systems, __________ devices don't have to be in contact with the scanner to be read.

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radio frequency identification (RFID)

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Within the context of the recent trends in network technologies, ________ can transmit information over short distances in the form of radio waves.

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Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)

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Within the context of the recent trends in networking __________ has become popular as a safer method of talking on cell phones while driving.

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Bluetooth

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__________ computing involves combining the processing powers of various computers.

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Grid

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__________ computing is the provision of IT services on demand.

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Utility

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In the context of cloud computing, users with a _____ cloud connect with an off-site infrastructure over the Internet.

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public

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what-if

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In the context of the decision-making analyses that use information technology, _____ analysis is available in spreadsheet programs such as Microsoft Excel.

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Robots

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_____ perform well at simple, repetitive tasks and can be used to free workers from tedious or hazardous jobs.

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heuristics

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In the context of expert systems, _____ consists of common sense, rules of thumb, educated guesses, and instinctive judgments.

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knowledge acquisition facility

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In the context of an expert system, a(n) _____ works with the knowledge base management system to ensure that the knowledge base is as up to date as possible.

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explanation facility

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The _____ component of an expert system is important because it helps give users confidence in the system's results.

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drill down, trends

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Data mining is used to ____ ____ to ____ .

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data warehouse

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Data mining uses a ____ to determine trends.

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smaller

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Data marts are larger / smaller than data warehouses?

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Fuzzy logic

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____ allows a smooth, gradual transition between human and computer vocabularies.

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artificial neural networks

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Playing chess is a prime example of ____.

MIS 300: Chapter 13: Intelligent Information Systems

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