MILADY Chapter 6 Review – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
List the reasons a cosmetologist studies anatomy and physiology.
answer
1. Understanding the body will help you understand hiwbthe body will react to certain treatments.
2. You need to know what is abnormal.
3. Understanding bone and muscle structure of the human body will help you with scam manipulations and facials.
question
As a cosmetologist, understanding the concept of human anatomy is primarily restricted to:
answer
Skin, muscles,nerves, circulatory system, and bones of head and face ; neck, shoulders, arms, hands, lower, legs and feet.
question
The study of human body structures you can see with the naked eye and how they are organized is called ______
answer
Anatomy
question
The study structures that require a microscope to see is called ____ also known as microscopic anatomy.
answer
Histology
question
_____ is the study of functions and activities performed by the body's structures.
answer
Physiology
question
The basic unit of all living things, from bacteria to plants and animals, including human beings in the ____
answer
Cells
question
The cells of all living things are composed of a substance called ____ . A colorless, jelly-like substance.
answer
Protoplasm
question
A)Metabolism
B) Histology
C) Nucleus
D) Cytoplasm
E) Cell membrane
answer
A) chemical process through which cells are nourished and carry out their activities.
B) Study of the many tiny structures found in the living tissue; microscopic anatomy.
C) Dense active protoplasm, found at the centre of the cell
D) Protoplasm of the cell that surrounds the nucleus.
E) Balloon that contains the protoplasm, allowing certain substances to pass through.
question
Cells have the ability to reproduce, providing new cells for the growth and replacement of worn injured ones.
answer
True
question
Most cells reproduce by dividing into two identical cells called ___. This process if cekk reproduction us known as ____.
answer
Daughter / Mtosis
question
For cells to reproduce, conditions must be favorable which includes:
answer
A) food, oxygen , water
B) suitabke temperature
C) the ability to get rid of waste
question
What occurs if conditions are unfavorable for cell growth and reproduction.?
answer
They become impaired and die.
question
What conditions are considered unfavorable for cell growth and reproduction?
answer
Toxins and disease/injury.
question
____ is a chemical process that takes place in living organisms, whereby the cells are nourished and carry out their activities.
answer
Metabolism.
question
List and define the two stages of metabolism:
answer
1) anabolism- the process of busing larger organisms from smaller ones. The body stores water, food and oxygen for they need it for reproduction, growth or repair.
2) catabolism- breaking down complex compounds and releasing stored energy.
question
Anabolism and catabolism are not carried out simultaneously.
answer
False
question
A collection of similar cells that perform a particular function are ___ . Each collection has a specific function and can be recognized by its ____ appearance.
answer
1) tissue
2) characteristic
question
How many types of tissue are there in the body?
answer
Four
question
____ tissue is a protective covering on body surfaces
answer
Epithelial
question
____ tissue contracts and moves various parts of the body.
answer
Muscular
question
_____ tissue carry messages to and from the brain and control and coordinate all bodily functions.
answer
Nerve.
question
List of examples of connective tissue:
answer
Bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, blood, lymph and fat
question
____ is the study of anatomy, structure, and functions of the bones. What prefix is uses in medical terms that means bone?
answer
Osteology
Os
question
The skeletal system is made of ____ bones that vary in size and shape and are connected by movable as immovable joints.
answer
206
question
The cranium is made up of:
answer
8 bones
question
1. Parietial
2. Occipital
3. Frontal
4. Temporal
5. Sphenoid
answer
1. For the sides and crown of cranium.
2. Hindmost bone of skull
3. Forms the forehead
4. Form the sides of the head in the ear region
5. Joins all the bones of the cranium together.
question
What is thorax?
answer
Chest/ pulmonary trunk. Consists of sternum, ribs, thoratic vertabrae. Cage for heart / lungs.
question
Define the muscular system:
answer
Is the system that covers, shapes and holds the skeletal system in place. Contracts and moves various parts of the body.
question
Name 3 parts of the muscle and define each part:
answer
Belly- middle part of the muscle
Insertion - part of the muscle moves and is farthest from skeleton
Origin- the part of the muscles that does not move and is closest to skeleton
question
Which direction is pressure applied in the muscle during massage?
answer
From insertion to origin
question
The muscle that draws the scalp backward is the _____
answer
Occipitals
question
The _____ muscle of the scalp raises the eyebrows , draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across forehead.
answer
Frontalis
question
The muscle that forms the ring or the eye socket, closing the eye is the:
answer
Orbicularis oculi
question
Pronators
answer
Muscles that turn the hand inward so the palm faces downward
question
1. Nasal
2. Lacrimal
3. Zygomatic
4. Maxilae
5. Mandible
answer
1. Form the bridge of the nose
2. Small, thin bones located at the front inner wall
3. From the prominence of the cheeks
4. Bones of the upper jaw
5. Lower jawbone, largest and strongest of the face.
question
The skull is divided into two parts _____ and ____ , which is made up of ___ bones.
answer
Cranium, facial skeleton, 14
question
The smaller bone in the forearm in the same side sd the thumb
answer
Radius
question
The upper most and largest bone in the arm is the
answer
Humerus
question
Another name for the wrist, a flexible joint composed of a group of eight small, irregular bones, is the ___
answer
Carpus
question
The inner, large bone of the forearm, which is attached to thw wrist abd located on the side of the smaller finger is the ____
answer
Ulna
question
The _____ are bones of the palm of the hand and the phalanges are the bones in the fingers also called _____...
answer
Metacarpus
Digits
question
Femur
answer
Heavy, long bone; forms the leg below the knee
question
The foot is made up of ___ bones, subdivided into three categories:
answer
26
1. Tarsal
2. Metatarsal
3. Phalanges
question
The system that is exceptionally well organized and responsible for coordinating all of the many activities that are performed inside and outside of the body is the ____
answer
Nervous system
question
_____ is the scientific study of the structure function and pathology of the nervous system
answer
Neurology
question
Every square inch of human body is supplied with fine fibers known as ______
answer
Nerves
question
The _____ is the largest and most complex nerve tissue in the body, is contained in the ___ and weighs a little less than ___ pounds on average.
answer
Brain
Cranium
Three
question
The portion of the central nervous system that originates in the brain expense down to the lower extremity of the trunk and is protected by the spinal column is the ____. how many pairs of spinal nerves extend from it?
answer
Spinal cord
31
question
A ____ also called a nerve cell, is the primary structural unit of the nervous system and is composed of a:
answer
Cell body, nucleus, dendrites and axon.
question
Tree like branching of nerve fibers extending from the nerve cell that receives impulses from other neurons are____; the _____ sends impulses away from the cell body to the other neurons, glands or muscles.
answer
Dendrites
Axon
question
The whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers held together by the connective tissue through which impulses are transmitted are ____ . Where do they have their origin?
answer
Nerves
In the brain and spinal cord
question
There are two types of nerves: _____ which carry impulses or messages from organ to brain or ____ , which carry impulses from the brain to muscles.
answer
Sensory
Motor
question
The motor nerve of the face is the ____ cranial nerve
answer
Seventh
question
How does information about different sensations reach the brain?
answer
Sensory receptors close to skin surface send impulses to brain
question
The impulses that produce movement are transmited by the ___ nerves.
answer
Motor
question
What is a reflex and how does it work?
answer
An automatic reaction to a stimulus that involves the movement of an impulse from sensory receptor along the sensory nerve to the spinal cord. And impulses sent along a motor neuron to a muscle causing a reaction
question
Which of the cranial nerves is the largest? This two of the additional names for this nerve. What is the purpose of this nerves?
answer
Fifth cranial
Trifacial, trigeminal
Motor nerve of muscles that control chewing
question
Why is it important for a cosmetologist understand how the nervous system works?
answer
It will help you give services in a proficient manner such as a massage or shampoo
question
The circulatory system or cardio vascular system or vascular system controls steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels. It consists of the:
answer
Heart, arteries,veins and capillaries
question
What is referred to as the body's pump?
answer
Heart
question
1. Atrium
2. Ventricle
3. Valves
answer
1. Upper thin walled chambers on the right and left
2. Lower thick-walled chambers on the right and left
3. Structures between the chambers that allow the blood to flow in only one direction
question
Two systems circulate the blood constantly from the time it leaves the heart until it returns. Pulmonary circulation sends the blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified while systematic circulation carries the blood from the heart through the body and back to the heart.
answer
...
question
Explain how the pulmonary and systemic circulation work.
answer
A) deoxygenated blood flows from body to the right atrium
B) from the right atrium it flows through the tricuspid valve the valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle to the right ventricle
C) right ventricle pumps blood to the pulmonary arteries which move deoxygenated blood to the lungs when blood reaches lungs they release carbon dioxide and get oxygen
d) oxygen rich blood goes back to the heart via pulmonary vein to left atrium
E) left atrium through mitral valve the valve between left atrium and left ventricle of the heart into left ventricle
F) blood leaves left ventricle to the body
question
The categories of blood vessels are:
answer
Arteries arterioles capillaries venules and veins
question
The endocrine system is made up of a group of specialized glands that affect:
answer
A) growth
b) development
C) sexual functions
D) health of whole body
question
What are glands?
answer
Secretory organs that removes /release certain elements from the blood to convert them into new compounds
question
Name the two main types of glands and their functions
answer
Endocrine - ductless glands thyroid pituitary glands release hormonal secretions directly into the bloodstream
Exocrine - duct glands such as sweat and oil glands of the skin produces substance that travels through small tube like ducts
question
What are hormones?
answer
Secretions such as insulin adrenaline and estrogen that stimulate functional activity or other secretions in the body
question
Give three examples of hormones
answer
1 insulin
2 adrenaline
3 estrogen
question
The digestive system is responsible for
answer
Breaking down foods into nutrients and wastes
question
How long does the entire food digestion process take
answer
9 hours
question
The ____ is responsible for purifying the body by eliminating waste
answer
...
question
The respiratory system enables breathing or _____ and consists ofbthe lungs and air passages
answer
Respiration
question
The spongy tissue is composed of microscopic cells in which inhaled air is exchanged for carbon dioxide during one breeding cycle are the _____
answer
Lungs
question
What are five critical functions that blood perform?
answer
1. Carries water blood and food to cells
2.Carries away carbon dioxide and waste products to be eliminated through lungs skin kidneys and large intestines
3. Helps to equalize body temperature protecting body from extreme heat and cold
4. Works with the immune system to protect body from harmful toxins and bacteria
5. Seals leaks found an injured blood vessels by forming clots the preventing further blood loss
question
The arteries located on either side of the neck that are the main sources of blood supply to the head face and neck are the
answer
Corroted arteries
question
The Integumentary system is made of the skin and it's various accessory organs such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair and nails
answer
...
question
Integument
answer
Natural coveribg
question
The lymphatic system is cloeskt related to the cardio vascular St stem and consists of the lymohmatic and other structures
answer
...
question
The purpose of the lymph is to
answer
Clear fluid that circulates in the lymph spaces
question
List the primary functions of the lymphatic immune system
answer
A) carries abway impurities from the cells
B) protects bodies from disease
C) develops immunities
D) destroys disease causing microorganisms
