Middle Childhood Psycholsocial Development Chapter 8 – Flashcards
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child culture.
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The particular rules and behaviors that are passed down to younger children from older children are what define:
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higher income.
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Compared with single-parent homes, two-parent homes usually have:
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Jean Piaget
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Lawrence Kohlberg built on the theories of ______ in his description of the stages of moral development
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culture and cohort
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What factors generally determine whether a child is well liked by his or her peers?
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no child based on race or gender.
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One study found that 98 percent of surveyed children believed that sports teams should exclud
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decreases.
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During the school years, self-esteem typically:
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bullying.
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Repeated, systematic attacks on those who are unable to defend themselves is the definition of
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industry versus inferiority
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What is Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development?
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dressing like adults
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Which is NOT a common value among 6- to 11-year-old children?
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industrious, practicing the skills valued by their culture.
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More than people of any other age, children between the ages of 6 and 11 are
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following what parents, teaching, and peers do.
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Conventional morality involves:
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D. members of their own sex.
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Most bullies pick on:
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their self-esteem may suffer as they compare themselves with others.
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Since schoolchildren judge their own talents and limitations more realistically than preschoolers:
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same age
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what is a hallmark of close friendships during middle childhood?
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how many total stressors are present
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In childhood, how children react to a serious stressor depends primarily on
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no sexual conflict
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According to Freud, what will 8-year-old Sven experience?
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autonomy.
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Children's "increasing ability to regulate themselves, to take responsibility, and to exercise self-control" contributes to their:
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hurting the transgressor.
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Retribution as a punishment for a transgression involves:
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he preoperational stage.
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The Piagetian stage of development that is similar to Kohlberg's level of preconventional morality is:
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the universal needs of childhood.
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Ajay, age 8, sleeps in the back of the shop where he works. His gets a bowl of rice with vegetables to eat. He carries heavy loads. In Ajay's village, his siblings sometimes have nothing to eat. None of them goes to school. His employer's son sometimes brings a book in the evening to teach Ajay to read. In making a judgment about Ajay's situation, one must consider:
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nuclear family.
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The most common type of family for children in the United States is the:
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withdrawn-rejected child.
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Olivia is an extremely shy and anxious 8-year-old girl. Other children seem to dislike her. She appears to be a(n)
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aggressive-rejected.
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Research shows that a child is most likely to be a victim of bullying if the child is:
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Freud
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Who described middle childhood as a time of latency?
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heory does not take into account cultural differences.
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Kohlberg's theory has been criticized because his:
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the legal and genetic relationships of people in a household.
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Family structure refers to
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children who moved with their fathers were more depressed and their school achievement suffered.
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A Japanese study compared children who stayed with their mother while their fathers moved for a new job with children who moved with their mother and father for a new job. The research found that:
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aggressive-rejected.
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Research shows that a child is most likely to be a victim of bullying if the child is:
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preconventional
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Carla is usually good because she is afraid that she will be punished if she isn't. Carla is at which level of Kohlberg's view of moral development?
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stability
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Which family function is especially crucial in middle childhood?
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bullying.
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Repeated, systematic attacks on those who are unable to defend themselves is the definition o
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bully-victim.
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The kind of bully who is the most strongly disliked by peers is called a:
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new each other for several years before marrying.
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Malik and Anastasia have been married one year and now have a 15-month-old son. Their chances of a successful marriage are better if they:
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parentification.
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When children act as parents and try to take care of everyone, it is called:
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More effects on personality come from the nonshared environment than was previously believed.
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Many parents believe that they mold their children's personalities. Which research finding challenges this belief?