Microbiology Final – Flashcards

Which of the following microbial forms have the highest resistance to physical and chemical controls?

The use of chemical agents directly on exposed body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens is

Which of the following types of control agents would be used to achieve sterility

Sterilization is achieved by

Dry heat

Disinfection of beverages such as apple juice, milk, and wine, is optimally achieved by

HEPA filters are used to remove microbes from

The easiest microbial forms to kill or inhibit are

The sterilizing gas used in a special chamber is

An organic nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the organism and must be provided is called a/an

The term phototroph refers to an organism that

The term autotroph refers to an organism that

The term heterotroph refers to an organism that

Organisms that feed on dead organisms for nutrients are called

Bacteria living in a freshwater stream that are moved to salty seawater would

Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated on the shelf of a refrigerator, out on a lab benchtop, on the shelf of a 37 C incubator and on the shelf of a 50 C incubator. After incubation, there was no growth at 37 C and 50 C, slight growth out on the benchtop, and abundant growth at refrigeration. What term could be used for this species?

All of the following could find a location in or on body tissues suitable for growth except

A microaerophile

A halophile would grow best in

The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which the rate of multiplication equals the rate of cell death is the

The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to their new environment, metabolizing but not growing is the

The majority of organisms live or grow in habitats between

The decline in growth rate during the death phase is due to

You inoculate a culture into a test tube containing broth and take it out of the incubator the next day. You see the culture is growing at the bottom of the tube. You conclude the culture must be

All of the following are examples of different types of microbiological media except

Examples of different types of microbiological media include

The decline in growth rate during the death phase is due to all of the following except

All of the following could find a location in or on body tissues suitable for growth

Which of the following is essential for development of discrete, isolated colonies?

A pure culture contains only

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus aureus into a culture medium. Following incubation, both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are determined to be growing in this culture. What is the most likely explanation?

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950X, what is the magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10X?

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is

This microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image:

This microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification

. This microscope is the most widely used and shows cells against a bright background

The primary purpose of staining cells on a microscope slide is to

Basic dyes are

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of

All of the following are correct about agar except

Agar is

Why is oil of immersion often used when viewing specimens under the microscope?

Disease-causing microorganisms are called

The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called

The microorganisms that do not have a nucleus in their cells are called

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that

Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis

Which of the following are the main decomposers of the earth

All of the following are correct about prokaryotes except

Characteristics of prokaryotes

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called

The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell's

The cause of lockjaw

The cause of necrotizing fasciitis

The cause of pseudomembranous colitis.

The cause of ornithosis

The cause of gas gangrene.

The cause of whooping cough.

The cause of wool-sorter's disease

The cause of chancroid

he cause of Hansen's disease

The cause of rabbit fever

Scarlet fever is caused by strains of

A common food intoxication is caused by enterotoxin-producing strains of

This pathogen has drug resistant strains called MRSA

Which is incorrect about Staphylococcus aureus food intoxication?

Symptoms of Toxic Shock Syndrome include all the following except

Rebecca Lancefield differentiated streptococci on the basis of differences in their

Symptoms of Toxic Shock Syndrome

Staphylococcus aureus food intoxication

Streptococcus pyogenes causes all the following except

Streptococcus pyogenes causes

Long term sequelae of Group A streptococcal infections include all the following except

Long term sequelae of Group A streptococcal infections include

All of the following are associated with subacute endocarditis except

All of the following are associated with subacute endocarditis

Streptococcus pneumoniae is

People at greatest risk for pneumococcal infections include all the following except

All of the following pertain to gonorrhea except

All of the following pertain to gonorrhea

The majority of otitis media in children is mainly due to infection with

Characteristics of Bacillus anthracis include all the following except

Characteristics of Bacillus anthracis

Anthrax is

Which form of anthrax involves a black eschar on the skin?

This type of anthrax is called "wool-sorter's disease"

The foodborne disease that involves neurotoxin is

All of the following pertain to infant botulism except

infant botulism

All of the following pertain to Clostridium difficile infection except

Clostridium difficile

Formation of a pseudomembrane in the back of the throat is seen in

Which is not correct about Mycobacterium species

Mycobacterium species

All of the following pertain to tuberculosis except

tuberculosis

The common soil mycobacteria that frequently cause systemic infection and death in AIDS patients is

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is

Which color pigment is produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Rabbits and rodents are the reservoirs of the causative agent of

Legionella pneumophila

Which disease involves transmission by aerosolized water from whirlpool spas, air conditioners, cooling towers, and supermarket vegetable misters?

Escherichia coli infections

Which is incorrect about shigellosis?

shigellosis

Yersinia pestis

Which bacteria could be responsible for hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)?

Which of the following is not transmitted via an arthropod vector?

transmitted via an arthropod vector

Treponena pallidum subspecies pallidum

Permanent cardiovascular and neurological damage is seen in which stage of syphilis?

Treponema, Borrelia, and Leptospira are all

The causative agent of Lyme disease is

"Rice water stools" are associated with disease caused by this organism

Viruses have all the following except A. definite shape. B. metabolism. C. genes. D. ability to infect host cells. E. ultramicroscopic size.

The core of every virus particle always contains

Virus capsids are made from subunits called

All of the following pertain to virus envelopes except they A. are gained as a virus leaves the host cell membrane. B. are gained as a virus leaves the nuclear membrane. C. contain special virus proteins. D. help the virus particle attach to host cells. E. are located between the capsid and nucleic acid.

Which of the following is not associated with every virus A. envelope B. capsomers C. capsid D. nucleic acid E. genome

The event that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication is

Which of the following will not support viral cultivation A. live lab animals B. embryonated bird eggs C. primary cell cultures D. continuous cell cultures E. blood agar

Oncogenic viruses include all the following except A. hepatitis B virus. B. measles virus. C. papillomavirus. D. HTLVI and HTLVII viruses. E. Epstein-Barr virus.

Infectious protein particles are called

Infectious naked strands of RNA are called

Creutzfeld-Jacob disease is

Which body system is mainly affected by Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Viruses with single-stranded DNA are the

All of the following belong to the Herpesviridae except A. Varicella-zoster virus. B. Cytomegalovirus. C. Variola virus. D. Herpes simplex viruses. E. Epstein-Barr virus.

An occasional serious complication of herpes simplex-1 is

Varicella-zoster virus

The hepadnaviruses

Hepatitis B virus

Which is incorrect about warts A. Caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV). B. Are transmitted by direct contact or fomites. C. Include deep plantar warts of soles of the feet. D. Are usually cancerous. E. Freezing and laser surgery can be used for removal.

Fifth disease

When bilirubin accumulates in the blood and tissues, it causes

Which virus may play a role in multiple sclerosis

Which is incorrect about smallpox A. There is an effective vaccine. B. Transmission is by ingesting contaminated water or food. C. The vaccine is effective even if given in the first few days after exposure. D. The poxvirus called variola is the etiological agent. E. The last case was seen in 1977.

Characteristics of the Orthomyxoviruses include all of the following except: A. enveloped B. include paramyxoviruses C. hemagglutinin spikes D. RNA genome E. neuraminidase spikes

Inhalation of respiratory secretions is involved in the transmission of the following except A. influenza. B. rubella. C. dengue fever. D. mumps. E. SARS.

Influenza vaccines include all the following except A. inactivated intramuscular vaccine. B. usually incorporates three different strains. C. attenuated, nasal drops vaccine. D. provides lifelong immunity. E. Guillain-Barré syndrome is a postvaccination neurological complication.

Which is not a disease caused by arenaviruses A. lymphocytic choriomeningitis B. Lassa fever C. hantaviruses D. Bolivian hemorrhagic fever E. Argentine hemorrhagic fever

Orchitis and epididymitis is seen in young adult males as a complication of

Oral lesions called Koplik's spots are seen in patients with

This febrile disease with a rash has a pathogen that can cross the placenta and cause serious fetal damage

All the following pertain to measles (rubeola) except: A. transmitted by direct contact with the rash B. humans are the only reservoir for the pathogen C. secondary bacterial otitis media and sinusitis occur D. involves a fatal complication called subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) E. dry cough, sore throat, fever, conjunctivitis are symptoms

Which is incorrect about rabies A. is a zoonotic disease B. wild populations of bats, skunks, raccoons, cats, and canines are primary reservoirs C. transmission can involve bites, scratches, and inhalation D. average incubation in human is 1 week E. symptoms include anxiety, agitation, muscle spasms, convulsions, paralysis

. Coronaviruses cause

Sudden acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

All arboviruses involve

Which of the following is a hemorrhagic fever

Retroviruses have the following characteristics except A. glycoprotein spikes. B. DNA genome. C. envelope. D. reverse transcriptase. E. viral genes integrate into the host genome.

All of the following pertain to patients with AIDS except A. have an immunodeficiency B. have CD4 T-cell titers below 200 cells/mm3 of blood C. get repeated, life-threatening opportunistic infections D. can get unusual cancers and neurological disorders E. highest number of cases worldwide is in the United States

Documented transmission of HIV involves

All of the following pertain to HIV except A. attaches primarily to host cells with CD4 receptors B. viral DNA integrates into the host nucleus C. it has reverse transcriptase D. causes Kaposi sarcoma E. can enter into nervous tissues and cause abnormalities

All of the following pertain to poliomyelitis

The major agents responsible for the common cold are

Spongiform encephalopathies are

Which area has the largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS

The ability of a fungus to grow as a yeast or a mold depending on its environmental temperature is called

All of the following are dimorphic, true fungal pathogens except

Paracoccidioides is

Dermatophytoses are

Oral thrush is caused by

This opportunist is the most frequent cause of life-threatening pneumonia in AIDS patients

dimorphic, true fungal pathogens are

The event that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication is A. adsorption to the host cells. B. injection of the viral nucleic acid into the host cell. C. host cell synthesis of viral enzymes and capsid proteins. D. assembly of nucleocapsids. E. replication of viral nucleic acid.