Microbiology Exam 4 Flashcard
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| Cellulitus |
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| An acute, spreading infection of the skin that extends into the subcutaneous tissues. Usually S. aureus or S. pyogenes |
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| What are the symptoms of Cellulitus? |
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| local pain, redness, swelling, and tenderness. |
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| Periorbital or facial cellulitus is often referred to as what? |
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| Haemophilus influenzae |
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| A wound is what? |
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| A type of injury in which the skin is torn, cut, or punctured (open wound), or where blunt force trauma causes a contusion (closed wound). |
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| Whether a wound becomes infected depends on what? |
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| number of pathogens, virulence of pathogens, status of the host defenses, and presence of foreign material. |
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| Usually S. aureus, from extension of a wound infection or hematogenous. Difficult to treat. |
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| Infection of the bone |
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| Bacteria adhere to joint and grow synovial fluid. Usually S. aureus, steptococci and N. gonorrhoeae |
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| Arthritis; joint infection |
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| What are the five types of wounds? |
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| Burn, Incised (cut with sharp object), puncture, laceration (torn tissue), and contusion (crush). |
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| Wounds can be caused by what? |
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| Wounds are breaks in skin (except contusion) causes by trauma, burns, surgery, or bites. |
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| Pathogenisis of wound infections |
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| usually can heal quickly without infection, if they don't, can form assesses. |
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| Wound can also result from what? |
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| Poor circulation without trauma. IE: Diabetes. |
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| A closed cavity of living and dead microorganisms and phagocytic cells (pus). |
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| Abscess |
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| What are some characteristics of Abscess? |
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| Anaerobic, low pH, no blood flow to bring oxygen. Impossible to treat with antibiotics alone. |
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| What are the 3 steps for wound repair? |
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| 1. Bleeding stops by clotting 2. Fibroblasts enter, form collagen and granulation tissue 3. Wound pulls together and filler from bottom up, unless abscess forms. |
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| What are the four parts of wound treatment? |
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| Debridement; remove all material and dead/dying tissue. Cover wound after granulation is completed. Restore circulation if compromised. Drain abscesses surgically if present. |
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| Infection of wounds depend on what several factors? If factors present then what? |
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| Wounds expose tissue receptors (collagen, fibrin, etc) Foreign material is preventing healing Microbial contamination Size of wound Circulation Abscess formation -- no amount of antibiotics will prevent infection. |
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| Diabetic Wounds |
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| Often found on feet due to poor circulation and loss of feeling. Increases trauma and reduces defense again infection. |
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| How are diabetic wound prevented? |
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| Good foot car, glycemic control, sometime revascularization. |
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| Surgical Site Wounds/ Infections |
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| May be deep, extending into organ spaces. Usually from damaged tissues, may result in dehiscenese. (incision does not heal closed, swelling pulls sutures back open) |
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| Anaerobic Wound Infections |
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| Low oxygen in tissue because of tissue crushing. Anaerobic bacteria present, causing tissue destruction, and gangrene. Contusions may allow endogenous anaerobes from GI tract to enter and live in wound. |
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| Staphylococcus aureus |
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| most common wound pathogen, pyogenic (produces lots of purulence), produces many toxins and invasins, lots of inflammation, redness, fever, and pain. |
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| Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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| Strictly aerobe (never found in abscesses)Normally found in soil and water. Infects burn and some surgical wounds. Causes endotoxin shock. Treated with sulver sulfadiazine ointment |
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| Coagulase negative staphylococci |
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| Usually S. epidermidis. Not as virulent as Sapthylococcus auereus but more common and likes to stick to plastic. Can cause small superficial suture infections. |
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| Streptococcus pyogenes |
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| Many toxins and spreading factors, invasive, spreads in between the tissue layers. |
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| Streptococcus pyogenes causes what? |
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| necrotizing faciitis (spreads along the fascia) and myositis ("felsh-eating infection" of muscle") |
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| Treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes? |
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| Surgically removing all infected tissue. |
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| Clostridium tetani |
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| Found in soil, traumation wound introduces endospores, they germinate in the wound making tetanospasmin toxin causing muscle spasms; tetanis. Prevent by vaccination against tetanostoxin. |
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| Gangrene |
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| Exogenous GI tract anaerobes. Mostly Clostridum perfringens. Toxins quickly spread, kill the tissue and form gas. Treatment=amputation. Anti-biotic are not enough. |
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| Pasteurella multocida is the pathogen for what type of bite wound? |
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| Dogs and cats |
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| Bartonella hensellae is the pathogen for what type of bite wound? |
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| Kittens |
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| Streptobacillus moniliformis is the pathogen for what type of bite wound? |
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| Rates |
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| Fungal wound infections |
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| Sporotrichosis. Found normally in soil, gardeners and farmers get infections on hands from puncture wounds. Slow, chronic infection that follows the lymphatics up from the wound. |
