microbiology chapter 26 – Flashcards

Normal microbiota of the adult vagina consist primarily of a) Mycobacterium. b) Candida. c) Streptococcus. d) Neisseria. e) Lactobacillus.

A urine sample collected directly from the urinary bladder a) contains fewer than 100 pathogens/ml. b) contains more than 100,000 pathogens/ml. c) is sterile. d) has leukocyte esterase. e) contains fewer than 10,000 pathogens/ml.

Al Capone contracted syphilis in his youth. By the time he was imprisoned in Alcatraz, he was suffering from syphilis-induced confusion and disorientation. What stage of syphilis did Mr. Capone have at this time? a) tertiary b) secondary c) primary d) impossible to know based on the information given

Which of the following is true of the latent stage of syphilis infection? a) It may never progress to tertiary syphilis. b) It is characterized by a chancre. c) It is characterized by a body-wide rash. d) It may revert to primary syphilis.

Which of the following terms does NOT describe syphilis? a) attenuated b) spirochete c) infectious d) fastidious

Which of the following is NOT an antimicrobial feature of the urinary system? a) flushing action of urine b) the use of the urethra for seminal fluid in women c) physiological valves found in the ureter d) pH of the urine e) None of the answers is correct; all of these are antimicrobial features of the urinary system.

All of the following result from N. gonorrhoeae infection. Which one leads to the others? a) There is an increased risk of other STIs. b) Opa protein attaches to CD4+ T lymphocytes. c) Antibody production is stopped. d) CD4+ T lymphocytes do not proliferate. e) CD4+ T lymphocytes do not activate.

Nongonococcal urethritis can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT a) Mycoplasma homini. b) Candida albicans. c) Trichomonas vaginalis. d) Neisseria gonorrhoeae. e) streptococci.

Which of the following is NOT a complication of gonorrhea? a) endocarditis b) arthritis c) meningitis d) pelvic inflammatory disease e) None of the answers are correct; all of these are potential complications of gonorrhea.

Which of the following statements about pelvic inflammatory disease is FALSE? a) It can be caused by C. trachomatis. b) It can cause sterility and chronic pain. c) It can be caused by N. gonorrhoeae. d) It can be transmitted sexually. e) It can be caused by T. pallidum.

A 25-year-old man presented with fever, malaise, and a rash on his chest, arms, and feet. Which of the following will be most useful for a rapid diagnosis? a) serological test for antibodies b) microscopic examination of blood c) viral culture d) serological test for antigen e) bacterial culture

Which of the following is treated with cephalosporins because the organism is resistant to penicillin and fluoroquinolones? a) Haemophilus ducreyi b) Treponema pallidum c) Mycoplasma hominis d) Gardnerella vaginalis e) Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Which of the following recurs at the initial site of infection? a) gonorrhea b) genital herpes c) LGV d) syphilis e) chancroid

Which one of the following statements about genital warts is FALSE? a) It can lead to cervical cancer in women. b) It is treated by removing them. c) It is caused by papillomaviruses. d) It is always precancerous. e) It is transmitted by direct contact.

A pelvic examination of a 23-year-old woman showed vesicles and ulcerated lesions on her labia. Cultures were negative for Neisseria and Chlamydia; the VDRL test was negative. Which of the following is probable? a) genital herpes b) gonorrhea c) candidiasis d) NGU e) syphilis

Which of the following is caused by an opportunistic pathogen? a) genital herpes b) chancroid c) candidiasis d) gonorrhea e) trichomoniasis

The level of HIV population in the blood is highest __________. a) when the patient has clinical AIDS b) when CD4+ T cell levels are the highest c) when the patient is asymptomatic

The progression from initial HIV infection to AIDS (in the United States) usually takes how long? a) 5 years b) 10 years c) 20 years

Which of the following is an early indication of immune system failure? a) high levels of HIV in the blood b) seroconversion c) repeated Candida albicans infections such as thrush and vaginitis

Worldwide, the primary method of transmission of HIV is a) intravenous drug use. b) blood transfusions. c) heterosexual intercourse. d) homosexual intercourse. e) nosocomial.

Which of the following is a possible outcome of an HIV infection? a) Infection may initially be asymptomatic. b) The disease does not progress to AIDS. c) There may be persistent yeast infections. d) Virions may remain latent. e) All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following regions has the greatest distribution of HIV infection and AIDS in the world? a) Eastern Europe and Central Asia b) South and Southeast Asia c) North America d) Latin America e) sub-Saharan Africa

TRUE/FALSE: HIV is believed to have arisen by mutation of a virus endemic to wild animals in Africa.