Microbiology Chapter 1 – Flashcards

Biofilms provide pathogens with an adhesion mechanism and aid in resistance to antimicrobial agents. T of F

Microbes are associated with life-sustaining benefits as well as life-threatening diseases.

Which of the following are FALSE concerning microbes? A) Microbes produce vitamins in the intestines. B) The primary role of microbes on the planet involves causing disease in animals and humans. C) Microbes play a role in breaking down waste and decomposing dead organisms. D) Microbes generate oxygen through photosynthesis.

Common commercial benefits of microorganisms include synthesis of ________________. A) riboflavin B) acetone C) insulin D) aspirin E) riboflavin, acetone and insulin

The term used to describe a disease-causing microorganism is? A) virus B) pathogen C) infection D) microbe E) bacterium

Each of the following organisms would be considered a microbe EXCEPT. A) mushroom B) protozoan C) yeast D) bacterium E) virus

Microorganisms are involved in each of the following processes EXCEPT. A) decomposition of organic material B) infection C) smog production D) food production E) O2 production

All cells possess a cell wall. T OR F

A student has obtained a sample of pond water for study. Using the high-power lens, he observes several cells with nuclei. He can conclude that the cells are NOT bacteria. T OR F

Which of the following matches the organisms described with the correct domain? A) bacteria--unicellular, eukaryotic organisms that always lack cell walls B) bacteria--unicellular, eukaryotic organisms with cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan C) eukarya--single-celled and multicellular organisms, with a defined nucleus and a variety of nutritional sources D) archaea--multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that do not have cell walls

Archaea differ from bacteria in that archaea... A) have diverse cell wall compositions B) lack nuclei C) use organic compounds for food D) are prokaryotic E) reproduce by binary fission

Classification of organisms into three domains is based on? A) the number of cells in the organism B) the presence of a cell wall C) cellular proteins D) nutritional requirements E) cellular organization

The infectious agent that causes AIDS is a? A) mold B) protozoan C) bacterium D) virus E) yeast

Which of the following represents the correct format for the scientific name? A) Staphylococcus aureus (Italicized) B) Staphylococcus aureus C) STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS D) Staphylococcus Aureus

Protozoan motility structures include? A) cilia B) flagella C) pseudopods D) cilia and pseudopods only E) cilia, flagella, and pseudopods

Viruses are not considered living organisms because they A) cannot reproduce by themselves B) are typically associated with disease C) can only be visualized using an electron microscope D) are ubiquitous in nature E) are structurally very simple

A prokaryotic cell may possess each of the following cellular components EXCEPT. A) a cell membrane B) a cell wall C) flagella D) ribosomes E) a nucleus

Which of the following is NOT associated with viruses? A) nucleic acid B) organelles C) chemical reactions D) envelope E) protein coat

The bacterial shape of the cells in the scanning electron micrograph shown in the figure would best be described as. A) coccus B) bacillus C) ovoid D) spiral E) columnar

The formal system for classifying and naming organisms was developed by? A) Aristotle B) Robert Koch C) Ignaz Semmelweis D) Louis Pasteur E) Carolus Linnaeus

In the name Staphylococcus aureus, aureus is the A) species B) domain name C) family name D) genus E) kingdom

What four conclusions can be drawn from Pasteur's experiment?

The process of pasteurization to reduce food spoilage utilizes high heat to kill all bacteria present. T of F

Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first microbiologist to use a microscope to examine environmental samples for the presence of microorganisms. T or F

Spontaneous generation refers to living cells arising only from other living cells. T or F

A disease breaks out among sheep in California. A scientist takes blood from the sheep and grows a previously unknown organism. That organism is then injected into a healthy sheep. The healthy sheep becomes sick with the same symptoms as the original sheep and dies. That sheep's blood is then cultured, and the original organism is isolated. This applies the principles of __________.

How was disproving spontaneous generation associated with developing principles important to microbiology?

Penicillin was discovered by accident by

Which disease has been eliminated through the use of vaccines? A) influenza B) smallpox C) rubella D) measles E) tuberculosis

Molecular biology includes the study of?

Which physician is first associated with vaccination? A) Lister B) Escherich C) Ehrlich D) Koch E) Jenner

Mycology is the study of?

Proof that a microbe could cause disease was provided by?A) Semmelweis B) Wasserman C) Pasteur D) Lister E) Koch

Regarding Louis Pasteur's experiments with the S-neck flask, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) A food source was provided. B) All preexisting microorganisms were killed. C) Air exchange was involved. D) The possibility of contamination was removed. E) All of the answer choices are correct.

The arguments supporting spontaneous generation were finally disproved by?

Recombinant DNA technology has become an increasingly important part of our life. It is used for all of the following EXCEPT A) increasing the nutritional value of food B) drug production C) vaccine production. D) synthesis of water. E) enhancing food longevity.

Infectious disease is almost totally eradicated in our world. T or F

All pathogens known to infect humans have been identified at this point in time. T or F

Development of emerging infectious disease can be a result of all of the following EXCEPT. A) changes in the environment. B) use of genetically modified foods. C) microbial mutation. D) overuse of antibiotics. E) modern transportation.

Bacteria

Archaea

Fungi

Viruses

One of the first set of experiments to refute spontaneous generation was done in 1688 by Francesco Redi what was his results?

In 1861, Pasteur conducted his now-famous experiments using flasks with long necks bent into an S-shape. Imagine that you are a scientist working in Pasteur's lab at this time. You decide to tip the flasks so that broth enters the long S-shaped neck. You then return the flask to its upright position. Predict the most likely outcome of tipping one of Pasteur's S-necked flasks.

S. aureus has been isolated from George's infected wound. To satisfy Koch's postulates, what would George's doctor need to do with the isolated S. aureus?

Which of the following are limitations of antibiotics? A) Mass production of antibiotics is extremely difficult. B) Antibiotics are not effective in treating viral infections. C) Antibiotics may be toxic. D) The cost of producing antibiotics is high, which in turn leads to higher prices for consumers. E) Treatment with antibiotics can lead to the emergence of resistant strains.

Further characterization of the S. aureus isolated from George's wound reveals that the strain is MRSA. Why is George's doctor concerned that MRSA has been identified as the causative agent of George's infection?

In the late 1800s, a researcher by the name of Robert Koch developed a series of postulates (guidelines) that can be used to prove that a given pathogen is the true cause of a disease. Koch's Postulates 1. The suspected causative agent must be found in every case of the disease and be absent from healthy hosts. 2. The agent must be isolated and grown outside the host. 3. When the agent is introduced to a healthy, susceptible host, the host must get the disease. 4. The same agent must be found in the diseased experimental host. Which of the following steps does NOT follow one of Koch's postulates? A) You collect a throat swab from a family member who has also become sick. B) You are able to isolate a pathogenic bacterium from someone with a new type of pharyngitis. C) A mouse that was exposed to a potential viral pathogen has died and you are able to isolate the virus from the liver of the mouse. D) You give a patient an antibiotic to treat an infection.