Micro Chapter 3 – Flashcards

1) Protein synthesis occurs in the 1) A) nucleus. B) ribosome. C) periplasmic space. D) cytoskeleton. E) inclusion.

2) Which of the following molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane rapidly and without the use of transport proteins? 2) A) small hydrophilic molecules only B) small hydrophobic molecules only C) ions only D) large molecules only E) both ions and hydrophilic molecules

3) Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing most of the ATP in a eukaryotic cell? 3) A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi body C) mitochondrion D) lysosome E) nucleus

4) The cytoplasmic membranes of ________ contain phospholipids and proteins. 4) A) bacterial cells B) eukaryotic cells C) archaeal cells D) both bacterial and eukaryotic cells E) archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryotic cells

5) Bacterial cell walls that are resistant to drying contain 5) A) lipopolysaccharide. B) amino acids. C) waxes. D) carbohydrates. E) tubulin.

6) Which of the following is unique to archaea? 6) A) fimbriae B) peptidoglycan C) pili D) LPS E) hami

The cells illustrated in Figure 3-1 are in a(n) ________ environment. 7) A) passive B) isotonic C) hypertonic D) hypotonic E) fluid mosaic

8) Which of the following may be a component of bacterial cell walls? 8) A) tubulin B) carrageenan C) lipoteichoic acids D) mycolic acid E) both lipoteichoic and mycolic acids

9) The accumulation of glucose 6-phosphate inside a bacterial cell via phosphorylation of glucose is an example of 9) A) diffusion. B) group translocation. C) osmosis. D) plasmolysis. E) facilitated diffusion.

10) A bacterial cell moving toward light would be an example of 10) A) positive phototaxis. B) tumbles. C) positive chemotaxis. D) negative phototaxis. E) negative chemotaxis.

11) Which of the following have a periplasmic space? 11) A) Gram-negative bacteria only B) Gram-positive bacteria only C) both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria D) archaea E) eukaryotes

12) Endospores survive a variety of harsh conditions in part because of the presence of 12) A) lipopolysaccharide. B) hopanoids. C) dipicolinic acid. D) glycoproteins. E) mycolic acid.

What is the function of the cellular structure indicated by "c" in Figure 3.2? 13) A) attach to surfaces only B) protect from dehydration only C) provide shape only D) attach to surfaces and protect from dehydration E) provide shape, attach to surfaces, and protect from dehydration

14) Which of the following is classified as a nonmembranous organelle of eukaryotic cells? 14) A) mitochondrion B) peroxisome C) endoplasmic reticulum D) centriole E) Golgi body

15) A lipid found in prokaryotes but NOT in eukaryotes is 15) A) fatty acid. B) phospholipid. C) triglyceride. D) steroid. E) hopanoid.

16) Which of the following is associated with the mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell? 16) A) inclusions B) nucleolus C) chromatin D) cristae E) thylakoids

17) Which of the following statements concerning pili is FALSE? 17) A) Pili are long, hollow tubules. B) Pili facilitate the transfer of DNA among bacterial cells. C) Pili are longer than fimbriae and flagella. D) A bacterial cell will usually have only one or two pili. E) Not all bacteria have pili.

18) Lipid A is a component of 18) A) lipopolysaccharides. B) plant cell walls. C) cytoplasmic membranes. D) bacterial glycocalyces. E) mycolic acid.

19) Which of the following statements concerning centrioles is FALSE? 19) A) Centrioles are found in a region of the cell called the centrosome. B) Centrioles are found in all organisms except prokaryotes. C) The structure of centrioles is similar to that of eukaryotic flagella and cilia. D) Centrioles are believed to play a role in cellular processes such as mitosis and cytokinesis. E) Centrioles are composed of microtubules

20) Which of the following may have cell walls containing teichoic acids? 20) A) Gram-negative bacteria only B) archaea C) Gram-positive bacteria only D) both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria E) all prokaryotes

21) Which of the following statements concerning endocytosis and exocytosis is TRUE? 21) A) Waste products and secretions are exported from the cell during endocytosis. B) Endocytosis is a form of passive transport, whereas exocytosis is a form of active transport. C) Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which liquids are brought into the cell. D) These processes occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. E) Endocytosis produces a structure called a food vesicle.

22) Cytoplasmic membranes of ________ are composed of phospholipids. 22) A) eukaryotes B) archaea C) prokaryotes D) bacteria E) bacteria and eukaryotes

23) Hopanoids are found in ________ cytoplasmic membranes. 23) A) prokaryotic B) bacterial C) archaeal D) no E) eukaryotic

24) Chloroplasts differ from mitochondria in that the former have 24) A) thylakoids. B) 70S ribosomes. C) two lipid bilayers. D) cristae. E) DNA.

25) Using a microscope, you observe an amoeba moving toward a food source. This is an example of 25) A) metabolism. B) responsiveness. C) growth. D) reproduction. E) cellular structure.

26) Some members of ________ have hami. 26) A) eukaryotes B) archaea C) bacteria D) archaea and bacteria E) bacteria and eukaryotes

27) Some ________ use group translocation as a means of transport. 27) A) bacteria B) eukaryotes and prokaryotes C) protozoa D) eukaryotes E) archaea

28) Endocytosis and exocytosis are means of transport used by 28) A) archaea. B) eukaryotes. C) bacteria. D) all prokaryotes. E) nothing; no cells use both processes.

29) Which of the following bacterial cell structures plays an important role in the creation of biofilms? 29) A) pili B) glycocalyces C) fimbriae D) flagella E) both fimbriae and glycocalyces

30) Which of the following is paired INCORRECTLY? 30) A) bacteria; peptidoglycan cell wall B) fungi; chitin, glucomannan and/or cellulose cell wall C) plants; cellulose cell wall D) algae; glycocalyx present E) archaea; polysaccharide cell wall

31) Which of the following processes requires a carrier protein? 31) A) active transport only B) diffusion only C) endocytosis only D) facilitated diffusion only E) both facilitated diffusion and active transport

32) Membrane rafts are found in the cytoplasmic membranes of 32) A) archaea only. B) eukaryotes only. C) bacteria only. D) both archaea and bacteria. E) both archaea and eukaryotes.

33) Which of the following is NOT a component of bacterial flagella? 33) A) basal body B) flagellin C) hook D) tubulin E) filament

34) The glycocalyx of a eukaryotic cell performs all of the following functions EXCEPT 34) A) strengthening the cell surface. B) transfer of genetic material between cells. C) protection against dehydration. D) anchoring cells to each other. E) cellular recognition and communication.

35) Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton? 35) A) performs endocytosis B) packages cellular secretions C) anchors organelles D) aids in contraction of the cell E) gives shape to the cell

36) Cell walls composed of polysaccharide are found in 36) A) bacteria only. B) archaea only. C) eukaryotes only. D) archaea and eukaryotes only. E) archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes.

37) Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid-fast bacteria? 37) A) mycolic acid B) lipoteichoic acid C) endotoxin D) N-acetylglucosamine E) peptidoglycan

38) The cell walls of some ________ are composed of proteins. 38) A) eukaryotes B) prokaryotes C) archaea D) bacteria E) bacteria and eukaryotes

39) Short, hairlike structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called 39) A) flagella. B) pili. C) cilia. D) fimbriae. E) pseudopodia.

40) Which of the following statements concerning prokaryotic flagella is TRUE? 40) A) Prokaryotic flagella are anchored to the cell wall by means of the basal body. B) Treponema is an example of a bacterium that has a tuft of polar flagella. C) Prokaryotic flagella are composed of tubulin. D) A "run" results from clockwise movement of the flagellum. E) Prokaryotic flagella move in a whip-like manner.

41) Lipid-soluble molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane by which of the following processes? 41) A) group translocation B) active transport C) facilitated diffusion D) diffusion E) osmosis

42) Which of the following statements concerning osmosis is FALSE? 42) A) Crenation results when cells are placed in a hypertonic solution. B) Osmosis stops when the system reaches equilibrium. C) Cells placed in hypotonic solutions will gain water. D) Osmosis requires a selectively permeable membrane. E) During osmosis, water crosses to the side of the membrane with a lower solute concentration

43) Which of the following statements concerning the endosymbiotic theory is FALSE? 43) A) The endosymbiotic theory is not universally accepted. B) Eukaryotes were formed from the union of small anaerobic cells by larger aerobic cells. C) Mitochondria and chloroplasts can divide independently of the cell. D) The cristae of mitochondria evolved from the cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotes. E) Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes.

44) Bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma lack cell walls. What sort of environment do they require for survival? 44) A) isotonic B) hypertonic C) a biofilm D) hypotonic E) low temperature

45) Which of the following statements concerning the characteristics of life is FALSE? 45) A) Organisms may not exhibit all of the characteristics of life at all times. B) Viruses have some, but not all, of the characteristics of living things. C) Reproduction is defined as an increase in the size of an organism. D) Living things store metabolic energy in the form of chemicals such as ATP. E) Reproduction can occur asexually or sexually in living things.

46) Which of the following prokaryotic cells contain an outer membrane? 46) A) Gram-negative bacteria only B) Gram-positive bacteria only C) both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria D) archaea E) all prokaryotes

47) Which of the following statements about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is CORRECT? 47) A) The smooth ER has ribosomes associated with it. B) The smooth ER is a site of ATP synthesis. C) The ER is a lipid storage organelle. D) The ER is a transport system within the cytoplasm. E) The rough ER is the site of lipid synthesis.

48) ________ may have pili. 48) A) Archaea B) Prokaryotes C) Eukaryotes D) Bacteria E) Both eukaryotes and bacteria

49) ATP is expended in which of the following processes? 49) A) group translocation B) diffusion C) active transport D) facilitated diffusion E) both active transport and group translocation

What is the function of the cellular structure indicated by "p" in Figure 3-3? 50) A) synthesis of lipids B) cell movement C) protein synthesis D) ATP synthesis E) packaging of materials for export

51) The semiliquid matrix of the nucleus is called the (cytoplasm/nucleoid/nucleoplasm).

The process illustrated in Figure 3-6 occurs in (eukaryotic/bacterial/archaeal) cells.

53) A (capsule/slime layer/matrix) is a type of glycocalyx that is firmly attached to the cell.

54) Eukaryotic flagella are anchored by the basal body in the (cytoplasm/wall/membrane).

55) Eukaryotic cells use a process known as (pinocytosis/phagocytosis) to obtain liquids from their environment.

56) A structural molecule found in eukaryotic cytoskeletons, flagella, cilia, and centrioles is (flagellin/tubulin/fibrin).

57) A higher concentration of solutes corresponds to a (higher/lower) concentration of water in a given solution.

58) The presence of a cell (wall/membrane) enables bacterial and plant cells to resist the effects of hypotonic solutions.

59) Fibrous structures some archaea use for attachment to surfaces are (hami/fimbriae/fimbriae).

60) The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of (protein/lipid/carbohydrate) synthesis.

61) The reserve deposits of starch or other compounds found in many prokaryotic cells are called (vacuoles/inclusions/nucleoid).

62) In a(n) (hypertonic/isotonic/hypotonic) solution, an animal cell can gain so much water that it may burst.

63) Goli bodies are examples of a (membranous/non-membranous/cellular) organelle

64) A(n) (symport/antiport/uniport) is a carrier protein that transports two substances in the same direction across a membrane.

65) Lipid (LPS/NAM/A/NAG) is a part of the Gram-negative cell outer membrane that can produce fever, inflammation, and shock when it is released into the bloodstream.

66) Lysosomes result from the endocytosis of food particles by eukaryotic cells.

67) Peroxisomes contain enzymes used to digest nutrients that have been brought into the cell through phagocytosis.

68) All cell membranes contain phospholipids and a wide variety of proteins. 68

The short structures on the surface of the cell in Figure 3.5 are cilia.

70) Chloroplasts use light energy to produce ATP and carbohydrates

The processes illustrated in Figure 3-4 do not require energy input.

72) Formation of a biofilm may contribute to bacteria's ability to cause disease

73) Eukaryotic ribosomes are composed of 50S and 30S subunits

74) Chromatin is composed of DNA and special packaging proteins called hopanoids

75) Bacterial protein synthesis can begin before the reading of the gene is complete.