Micro – Chapter 25 – Flashcards

Which of the following is directly involved in the initiation of dental caries? A) crevicular fluid B) dentin C) sucrose D) lysozyme E) lactic acid

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is usually preceded by A) eating contaminated food. B) improper food storage. C) travel to an underdeveloped country. D) extended use of antibiotics. E) a blood transfusion.

Which of the following statements about salmonellosis is FALSE? A) Severity of disease depends on number of organisms ingested. B) It is a bacterial infection. C) The mortality rate is high. D) It is often associated with poultry products. E) A healthy carrier state exists.

Disease-causing exotoxins are produced by all of the following organisms EXCEPT A) Shigella dysenteriae B) Clostridium perfringens C) Clostridium botulinum D) Vibrio cholerae E) Staphylococcus aureus

Which of the following diseases of the gastrointestinal system is transmitted by the respiratory route? A) Vibrio gastroenteritis B) staphylococcal enterotoxicosis C) bacillary dysentery D) traveler's diarrhea E) mumps

The digestive tract is essentially one long tube. The order of the structures, beginning with the mouth, is A) esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine. B) pharynx, stomach, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine. C) pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine. D) esophagus, stomach, pharynx, small intestine, large intestine. E) pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine.

Which of the following helminthic diseases is a common infestation found in the southeastern United States? A) Taenia saginata B) Trichuris trichiura C) Echinococcus granulosus D) Enterobius vermicularis E) Ascaris lumbricoides

Poultry products are a likely source of infection by A) Vibrio cholerae. B) Clostridium perfringens. C) Helicobacter pylori. D) Shigella spp. E) Salmonella enterica.

All of the following infections can result from drinking contaminated water EXCEPT A) giardiasis. B) cholera. C) Cyclospora infection. D) trichinellosis. E) cryptosporidiosis.

Which of the following organisms feeds on red blood cells? A) Giardia lamblia B) Escherichia coli C) Entamoeba histolytica D) Vibrio parahaemolyticus E) Taenia spp.

In humans, beef tapeworm infestations are acquired by ingesting A) cystycerci of Taenia saginata in undercooked meat. B) the eggs of Taenia saginata. C) water contaminated with Diphyllobothrium latum eggs. D) cystycerci of Taenia solium in undercooked meat. E) segments of Taenia solium tapeworms.

Which of the following statements about staphylococcal food poisoning is FALSE? A) It is treated by replacing water and electrolytes. B) It is characterized by rapid onset and short duration of symptoms. C) It can be prevented by adequate refrigeration of food. D) It is caused by ingesting an enterotoxin. E) It can be prevented by heating foods to 50°C for 15 minutes.

The most common cause of traveler's diarrhea is A) Salmonella enterica. B) Shigella spp. C) Campylobacter jejuni. D) Escherichia coli. E) Giardia lamblia.

Acute gastroenteritis that occurs after an incubation period of two to three days and commonly affects children is probably caused by A) Giardia. B) Trichinella. C) Staphylococcus aureus. D) Salmonella. E) rotavirus.

Which of the following is mismatched? A) Taenia infestation — humans are the definitive host B) hydatid disease — humans are the definitive host C) pinworm infestation — humans ingest parasite's eggs D) hookworm infestation — parasite bores through skin E) trichinellosis — humans eat larva of parasite

Thorough cooking of food will prevent all of the following EXCEPT A) shigellosis. B) trichinellosis. C) salmonellosis. D) staphylococcal food poisoning. E) beef tapeworm.

Most of the normal microbiota of the digestive system are found in the A) mouth. B) stomach. C) stomach and small intestine. D) small intestine and large intestine. E) accessory structures.

Gums bleeding while brushing one's teeth is most commonly associated with A) halitosis. B) cavities. C) trench mouth. D) gingivitis. E) periodontitis.

Typhoid fever differs from salmonellosis in that in typhoid fever A) the incubation period is much longer. B) infection is spread only in the feces of domesticated animals. C) the microorganisms multiply within macrophages. D) the symptoms are due to infection of the gallbladder. E) infection occurs due to ingestion of endospores.

Which of the following organisms is likely to be transmitted via contaminated shrimp? A) Clostridium perfringens B) Giardia lamblia C) Staphylococcus aureus D) Trichinella spiralis E) Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Which of the following organisms is likely to be transmitted via undercooked pork and horse? A) Trichinella spiralis B) Staphylococcus aureus C) Shigella spp. D) Salmonella enterica E) Entamoeba histolytica

A vaccine to provide active immunity to HBV is prepared from A) pooled gamma globulin. B) viral particles in patients. C) genetically modified yeast. D) viruses grown in tissue culture. E) viruses grown in embryonated eggs.

Aflatoxin is a(n) ________ associated with ingestion of contaminated ________. A) endotoxin; peanuts B) mycotoxin; peanuts C) mycotoxin; rye or other cereal grains D) enterotoxin; peanuts E) enterotoxin; rye or other cereal grains

Which of the following causes inflammation of the liver? A) Vibrio cholerae B) Escherichia coli C) Salmonella enterica D) hepatitis A virus E) Shigella spp.

"Rice water stools" are characteristic of A) amebic dysentery. B) cholera. C) bacillary dysentery. D) salmonellosis. E) tapeworm infestation.

Epidemics related to bacterial infection of the digestive system are typically caused by A) exposure to contaminated soil. B) biological vectors. C) contaminated food and water. D) the respiratory route. E) unpasteurized milk.

Many bacterial infections of the lower digestive tract are treated with A) water and electrolytes. B) antitoxin. C) quinacrine. D) thorough cooking. E) penicillin.

Dental plaque is an example of A) a pellicle. B) a biofilm. C) dentin. D) tooth enamel. E) gingivitis.

Which of the following is mismatched? A) ergot — gangrene B) Salmonella endotoxin — coagulates blood C) aflatoxin — liver cancer D) shiga toxin — tissue destruction E) Vibrio enterotoxin — secretion of Cl-, K+, and H2O

Bacterial intoxications differ from bacterial infections of the digestive system in that intoxications A) have shorter incubation times. B) are accompanied by high fever. C) are more severe. D) are treated with antibiotics. E) are transmitted via contaminated water.

The most common mode of HAV transmission is A) contaminated hypodermic needles. B) airborne. C) contamination of food before it reaches a food service establishment. D) blood transfusion. E) contamination of food during preparation.

Which of the following correctly lists the stages of tooth decay? A) destruction of enamel, plaque accumulation, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp B) plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, decay in tooth pulp, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin C) plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp D) destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, plaque accumulation, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp E) decay in dentin, plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in tooth pulp

A 38-year-old man had onset of fever, chills, nausea, and myalgia while vacationing on the Gulf of Mexico. On April 29, he had eaten raw oysters and gone wading in the warm coastal waters. On May 2, he was admitted to a hospital because of a fever of 39°C and two circular necrotic lesions on the left leg. He had a history of alcoholic liver disease. He was transferred to the ICU; therapy with antibiotics was initiated. On May 4, he died. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A) hepatitis C virus B) Salmonella typhi C) Vibrio vulnificus D) Bacillus cereus E) Cyclospora cayetanensis

Which of the following is included in GALT? A) Peyer's patches B) thymus C) salivary glands D) tonsils E) liver

Microscopic examination of a patient's fecal culture shows spiral bacteria. The bacteria probably belong to the genus A) Escherichia coli. B) Campylobacter jejuni. C) Salmonella typhi. D) Shigella spp. E) Vibrio cholerae.

Which of the following pertains to typhoid fever? A) It is acquired via ingestion of contaminated meat. B) Causative microorganism multiplies in patient phagocytes. C) It is caused by several different species of Salmonella. D) Enterotoxin spreads via the blood. E) It is also call bacillary dysentery.

All of the following are gram-negative rods that cause gastroenteritis EXCEPT A) Shigella spp. B) Escherichia coli. C) Salmonella typhi. D) Clostridium perfringens. E) Yersinia enterocolitica.

Helicobacter pylori can grow in the stomach because it A) hides in macrophages. B) makes a capsule. C) makes HCl. D) possesses an enzyme that neutralizes HCl. E) invades epithelial cells

All of the following are eukaryotic organisms that cause diarrheal disease EXCEPT A) Cyclospora. B) Campylobacter. C) Cryptosporidium. D) Entamoeba. E) Giardia.

All of the following pertain to pinworm infections EXCEPT A) all family members living with the patient must also be treated. B) it is a helminth disease. C) transmission is typically by contact with fomites or inhalation of eggs. D) diagnosis is by detecting eggs on transparent tape pressed to the perianal area. E) it is most commonly transmitted by cysts in water.

What is a Dane particle? A) another name for an HBV surface antigen B) the chlorine-resistant virus that causes HAV C) the filamentous particles that cause HAV D) the infectious virion that causes HBV E) the spherical particles found in serum of patients with HBV

Which of the following is mismatched? A) custard and cream pies - Staphylococcus aureus B) chicken - Campylobacter jejuni C) oysters -Vibrio parahaemolyticus D) eggs - Trichinella spirlais E) beef - E. coli O157:H7

In Situation 25.1, fecal samples should be cultured for all of the following EXCEPT A) Salmonella enterica. B) enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. C) Shigella spp. D) Giardia lamblia. E) Campylobacter jejuni

In Situation 25.1, fecal samples were found to be negative when cultured. The next step in diagnosing the cause of illness would be A) microscopic examination of fecess for oocysts. B) blood cultures. C) microscopic examination of feces for viruses. D) to begin antibiotic therapy. E) muscle biopsy.

The relative risks shown in Table 25.1 were calculated for foods suspected of transmitting Salmonella. Which food is the most likely source of infection? A) black beans B) corn soup C) jalapeño peppers D) roma tomatoes E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided