Micro 6, 24, 25 – Flashcards
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Lysogenic Conversion
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Clostridium botulinum is made virulent by incorporated prophage genes encoding for the botulinum toxin.
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Release
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Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during
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Human & Other Animals, Plants & Fungi, Bacteria, & Protozoa
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Host cells of viruses include
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False
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Bacteriophages do not undergo adsorption to specific host cell receptors prior to penetration.
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The virus is integrated into the DNA of the of the host and is latent
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When a virus enters a lysogenic phase, it means
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Plagues
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Visible, clear, well-defined patches in a monolayer of virus-infected cells in a culture are called
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Nucleus, Cytoplasm
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In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's ____, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____.
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Type of Nucleic Acid, Type of Capsid, Presence of an Envelope, Nucleic Acid Stand Number
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Classification of viruses into families involves determining all of the following characteristics
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False
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Viral Infections are easier to treat with drugs than bacterial infections
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False, spikes are proteins outside of an envelope
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Spikes are glycoproteins of the virus capsid.
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Protein
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Capsomers are made of
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Naked Viruses
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Viruses that consist of only a nucleocapsid are considered
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True
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Prophages can be activated into viral replications and enter the lytic cycle.
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Change in size and shape; Inclusions int he Nucleus; Multinucleated Giant Cells; Cells Round Up
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Cytopathtic Effects
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Dependent on other viruses for replication
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Satellite viruses are
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Caposmeres
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Virus capsids are made from subunits called
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Present when the virus is in Lysogeny
Form when a viral DNA enters the bacterial chromosome
Replicate with host DNA and passed on to progeny
Occur when temperate phages enter host cells
THEY DO NOT
Cause lysis of host cells
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Prophages
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True
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Viral spikes are inserted into the host cell membrane before budding or exocytosis occurs.
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Budding or Excytosis
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How do enveloped animal viruses exit their host?
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Either DNA or RNA
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The core of every virus particle always contains
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Many antiviral drugs block viral replication.
Many antiviral drugs cause severe side effects.
Interferons show potential for treating and preventing viral infections.
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Viruses are killed by the same antibiotics that kill bacteria.
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ALL of the following are correct about treating viral diseases
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Prions
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Infectious protein particles are called
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Envelope
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Which of the following parts of a virus is not always present
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Capsid
Nucleic Acid
Capsomers (Virus Capsids)
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Which of the following parts of a virus is ALWAYS present
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Type of host cell receptors on a cell membrane
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Host range is limited by
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They can be crystalized.
They often have geometric capsid.
They can cause fatal diseases.
They can cause mild diseases.
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All of the following are Characteristics of Viruses
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adsorption, penetration, replication, maturation, assembly, release.
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The correct sequence of events in viral multiplication is
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Capsid
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Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus
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Definite Shape.
Genes.
Ability to infect Host Cells.
Ultramicroscopic.
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Viruses have
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metabolism
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Viruses DO NOT HAVE
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Tail Fibers
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These structures are used by bacteriophages to attach to host cell receptors
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viroids
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Infectious Naked strands of RNA are called
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does not occur in bacteriophage
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Uncoating of viral nucleic acid
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occurs in an animal virus
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Uncoating of a viral nucleic acid
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binding of a virus to specific molecules on a host cell
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Adsorption
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genome enters host cell
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Penetration
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viral components are produced
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Replication/Synthesis
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new viral particles are constructed
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Assembly
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assembled viruses are released by budding (exocytosis) or cell lysis
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Release
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virus leaves cell to infect other cells
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Release/Lysis
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Adsorption, Penetration, Uncoating, Synthesis, Assembly, Release
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Animal Viruses (attack animal cells)
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Adsorption, Penetration, Replication, Assembly, Lysis & Release
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Bacteriophages Replication (attack bacteria)
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Genetic Information, Structure, and Chemical Composition
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As of 2000, according to the International committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses, how are viruses classified?
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Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
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Which of the following viruses is an RNA virus that causes many cases of transfusion hepatitis?
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is principally transmitted by blood.
transmission risks include shared needles.
anal intercourse.
is transmitted to the newborn from chronic carrier mothers.
has many chronic carriers.
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Hepatitis B virus
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True
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There are vaccines that cause the development of immunity to the Hepatitis B virus
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some DNA viruses can become permanent residents of host cells.
viral diseases can be zoonoses.
some viruses are tertogenic.
diagnosis of some diseases involves antigen detection with monoclonal antibodies.
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Viral Diseases
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all cause hepatitis.
all are endemic in US.
all can have an incubation period of one month.
are diagnostic tests.
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HAV, HBV, and HCV
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RNA
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HAV
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DNA
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HBV
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RNA
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HCV
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True
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Virtually, everyone becomes infected with the herpeviruses at some time in their lives
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False
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Carriers of Hepatitis B virus are not common
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VZV
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Chickenpox is caused by the
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finger
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Herpes whitlow is a deep set herpes simplex virus infection of the
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uses the respiratory epithelium as its portal of entry.
becomes latent in dorsal root ganglia that serve specific dermatomes.
has human as its reservoir.
cause cause chickenpox and shingles.
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Varicella - zoster virus
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fever, malaise, rash, possible toxemia and shock occurs.
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Smallpox is a disease in which
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gential lesions.
intensely sensitive vesicles on or near the genitals.
symptoms that include urethritis, cervicitis, and itching.
infection in neonates that have contact with lesions in birth canal.
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Herpes Simplex- 2 (HSV-2) causes
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True
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Varicella and Herpes Zoster are caused by the same virus
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True
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Herpes keratitis is an infection of the eye.
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True
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In rabies, spasms of muscles for swallowing leads to a fear of water.
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is grown in poultry eggs for vaccines.
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Influenza
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humans are the only reservoir.
secondary bacterial otitis media and sinusitis occur.
involced a fatal complication called subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE).
dry cough, sore throat, fever, conjunctivititis.
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All of the following pertain to Measles (rubeola)
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is NOT transmitted by direct contact with rash
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Meseales
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is a zoonotic disease.
wild populations of animals.
transmission involves bites, scratches, and inhalation.
symptoms include anxiety, agitation, muscle spasms, convulsions, paralysis.
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Rabies
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neuraminidase
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The enzyme associated with the influenza virus that hydrolyzes the protective mucous coating of the respiratory tract is
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rubella
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This febrile disease with a rash has a pathogen that can cross the placenta and cause serious fetal damage
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the influenza viruses
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Orthomyxoviruses are
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enveloped.
hemagglutinin spikes.
RNA genome.
neuraminidase spikes.
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Orthomyxoviruses are
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inactivated intramuscular vaccine.
usually incorporates three different viruses.
attenuated, nasal drops vaccines.
Guillain-Barre syndrome is a postvaccination neurological complication.
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Influenza vaccines include
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do not provide lifelong immunity
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Influenza vaccines
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Kopalik spots appear before the characteristic rash.
Humans are the sole Reservoir.
Also known as Rubeola.
Most contagious infectious diseases.
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Measles
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unprotected sexual intercourse and contact with blood/blood products.
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Documented transmission of HIV involves
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rhinoviruses
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The major agents responsible for the common cold are
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orchitis and epididymitis in young adult males
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Mumps causes
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do not have a DNA genome
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Retroviruses
