Advantage Of Using Petri Over Test Tubes In Microbiology – Flashcards
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| The fusion of two gametes produces a A) zygote B) chromatid C) schizont D) centromere E) merozoite |
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| A) zygote |
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| Replication of the DNA occurs during A) prophase B) metaphase C) interphase D) anaphase E) telophase |
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| C) interphase |
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| Sister chromatids separate and move toward the poles of the cell during _____ of mitosis. A) interphase B) anaphase C) prophase D) telophase E) metaphase |
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| B) anaphase |
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| An aligned pair of homologous chromosomes is called a A) spindle B) chromatid C) gamete D) tetrad E) coenocyte |
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| D) tetrad |
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| Which of the following pairs is mismatchedA) plants: usually diploid B) animals: usually diploid C) fungi: usually diploid D) protozoa: usually diploid E) algae: usually haploid |
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| C) fungi: usually diploid |
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| Sister chromatids separate during _____ of meiosis. A) anaphase II B) telophase I C) prophase II D) metaphase II E) anaphase I |
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| A) anaphase II |
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| Which of the following statements regarding meiosis is most accurateA) Homologous (non-sister) chromatids separate during anaphase II B) Meiosis has the same number of stages as mitosis C) Haploid cells produce diploid cells D) A diploid cell produces haploid daughter cells E) Crossing over occurs during metaphase I |
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| D) A diploid cell produces haploid daughter cells |
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| Merozoites are a result of A) meiosis B) crossing over C) schizogony D) mitosis E) conjugation |
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| C) schizogony |
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| Which of the following is mismatchedA) Entamoeba: pseudopodia B) Euglena: flagellum C) Plasmodium: merozoites D) Paramecium: two nuclei E) Toxoplasma: cilia |
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| E) Toxoplasma: cilia |
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| Which of the following is a protozoan stage that allows for transmission of intestinal parasites from one host to anotherA) cyst B) kinetoplast C) schizont D) foraminifera E) merozoite |
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| A) cyst |
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| Candida albicans invades human tissues by the use of A) pseudohyphae B) hyphae C) thalli D) mycelia E) coenocytes |
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| A) pseudohyphae |
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| The _____ is the entire interwoven mass of one multicellular fungal organism. A) pseudoplasmodium B) mycelium C) conidiophore D) sporangium E) hyphae |
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| B) mycelium |
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| Which of the following is classified among the AlveolatesA) Foraminifera B) Paramecium and Foraminifera C) Plasmodium D) Paramecium E) Paramecium and Plasmodium |
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| E) Paramecium and Plasmodium |
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| Which of the following types of protozoa are bioluminescentA) ciliates B) amoebae C) kinetoplastids D) apicomplexans E) dinoflagellates |
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| E) dinoflagellates |
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| Plankton is composed of which of the following types of eukaryotic microbesA) algae B) protozoa C) fungi D) both algae and protozoa E) both fungi and algae |
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| D) both algae and protozoa |
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| Conjugation is a reproductive process associated with which of the following types of protozoaA) dinoflagellates B) amoebae C) ciliates D) parabasalids E) kinetoplastids |
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| C) ciliates |
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| Which of the following types of protozoa contributes to limestone formation in their fossilized stateA) foraminiferans B) diplomonads C) amoebae D) euglenozoa E) ciliates |
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| A) foraminiferans |
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| The asexual spores of molds are classified according to their A) size B) mode of development C) type of metabolism D) shapes E) number of chromosomes |
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| B) mode of development |
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| Which of the following is a cell type associated with sexual reproduction in fungiA) dikaryon B) mycorrhiza C) pneumocyst D) sporangiospore E) haustoria |
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| A) dikaryon |
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| The first eukaryote to have its entire genome sequenced was the fungus A) Cryptococcus B) Neurospora C) Candida albicans D) Saccharomyces E) Rhizopus |
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| D) Saccharomyces |
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| Parasitology is the study of A) helminths B) fungi C) algae D) protozoa E) both helminths and protozoa |
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| E) both helminths and protozoa |
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| Which of the following is a dinoflagellate whose toxin causes possible estuary-associated syndrome (PEAS)A) Gymnodinium B) Balatidium C) Toxoplasma D) Pfiesteria E) Gonyaulax |
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| D) Pfiesteria |
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| The large seaweed known as kelp is classified as a member of the A) Chrysophyta B) Chlorophyta C) Rhodophyta D) Phaeophyta E) Deuteromycete |
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| D) Phaeophyta |
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| Hyphae are associated with which of the followingA) yeasts B) protozoa C) molds D) algae E) helminths |
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| C) molds |
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| Most of the fungi that spoil food belong to the division A) Basidiomycota B) Rhodophyta C) Ascomycota D) Deuteromycetes E) Zygomycota |
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| C) Ascomycota |
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| Lichens are composed of a symbiosis of fungi and which of the followingA) cyanobacteria B) cyanobacteria or green algae C) green algae D) euglenoids E) euglenoids or dinoflagellates |
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| B) cyanobacteria or green algae |
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| A plasmodium is a coenocytic structure associated with A) water molds B) yeast C) amoebae D) slime molds E) green algae |
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| D) slime molds |
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| The division of Basidiomycota includes which of the following types of fungiA) truffles B) ringworm C) bread mold D) mushrooms E) baker's yeast |
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| D) mushrooms |
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| The roots of vascular plants from associations with fungi called _____, which allow them to absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil. A) thalli B) mycoses C) mycorrhizae D) lichens E) hyphae |
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| C) mycorrhizae |
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| Which of the following protozoan genera helps termites digest woodA) Trichonympha B) Naegleria C) Trichomonas D) Pfiesteria E) Nosema |
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| A) Trichonympha |
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| In a cell that has a diploid number of 8 chromosomes, how many chromatids will be present at the beginning of mitosisA) 8 B) 4 C) 16 D) 32 E) 2 |
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| C) 16 |
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| Which of the following is composed of microtubulesA) a coenocyte B) a tetrad C) a spindle D) a zygote E) a chromatid |
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| C) a spindle |
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| Which of the following would be virtually indistinguishable under the microscopeA) late anaphase and early telophase B) early prophase and early metaphase C) late metaphase and early telophase D) early metaphase and early anaphase E) early anaphase and late anaphase |
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| A) late anaphase and early telophase |
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| When mitosis occurs without cytokinesis, which of the following is producedA) merozoites B) cysts C) coenocytes D) chromatids E) macronuclei |
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| C) coenocytes |
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| _____ is the stage of mitosis in which chromatids move toward opposite poles. A) interphase B) telophase C) metaphase D) prophase E) anaphase |
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| E) anaphase |
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| The nuclear membrane disintegrates during _____ of mitosis. A) cytokinesis B) telophase C) anaphase D) metaphase E) prophase |
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| E) prophase |
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| The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell during A) telophase B) metaphase C) prophase II D) anaphase E) prophase |
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| B) metaphase |
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| The process of cytokinesis may occur during A) prophase B) metaphase C) telophase D) interphase E) anaphase |
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| C) telophase |
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| During mitotic _____, the spindle forms. A) metaphase B) interphase C) anaphase D) telophase E) prophase |
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| E) prophase |
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| Organisms known as diatoms are classified with the A) protozoa B) helminths C) water molds D) algae E) fungi |
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| D) algae |
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| The _____ include organisms classified ad Deuteromycetes. A) arachnids B) algae C) protozoa D) fungi E) water molds |
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| D) fungi |
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| Single-celled organisms called ciliates are A) insects B) protozoa C) algae D) water molds E) fungi |
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| B) protozoa |
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| Ascomycetes are members of the A) fungi B) protozoa C) helminths D) algae E) arachnids |
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| A) fungi |
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| The kelps are classified as A) arachnids B) fungi C) algae D) protozoa E) water molds |
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| C) algae |
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| Fungi reproduce only asexually. |
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| F |
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| Haploid genomes contain two sets of chromosomes |
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| F |
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| Protozoa are eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall and can be unicellular or multicellular. |
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| F |
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| In fungi, aseptate hyphae are coenocytic by definition. |
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| T |
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| Diseases of animals caused by fungi are called mycoses. |
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| T |
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| Myxamoebae act like protozoan amoebae only in the absence of water. |
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| T |
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| Chromatids move toward opposite poles A) Anaphase B) Telophase C) Metaphase D) Prophase |
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| Anaphase |
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| Disintegration of the nuclear membrane A) Anaphase B) Telophase C) Metaphase D) Prophase |
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| Prophase |
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| Disintegration of the nuclear membrane A) Anaphase B) Telophase C) Metaphase D) Prophase |
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| Prophase |
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| Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell A) Anaphase B) Telophase C) Metaphase D) Prophase |
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| Metaphase |
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| Cytokinesis may occur A) Anaphase B) Telophase C) Metaphase D) Prophase |
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| Telophase |
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| The spindle forms A) Anaphase B) Telophase C) Metaphase D) Prophase |
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| Prophase |
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| Diatoms A) Algae B) Fungi C) Protozoa |
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| Algae |
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| Deuteromycetes A) Algae B) Fungi C) Protozoa |
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| Fungi |
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| Ciliates A) Algae B) Fungi C) Protozoa |
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| Protozoa |
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| Ascomycetes A) Algae B) Fungi C) Protozoa |
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| Fungi |
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| Kelps A) Algae B) Fungi C) Protozoa |
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| Algae |
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| The fever and chills associated with malaria are due to the release of uninucleate daughter cells of Plasmodium called ________. |
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| merozoites |
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| The vegetative stage of a protozoan is called a ________. |
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| trophozoite |
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| Some protozoa protect themselves from the adverse effects of osmosis by the use of ________ to pump out excess water. |
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| contractile vacuoles |
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| ________ are protozoa that move and feed by the use of pseudopodia. |
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| Amoebae |
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| The ________ are protozoa that produce cell walls composed of silica |
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| Radiolaria |
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| ________ are the asexual reproductive spores produced at the tips of hyphae. |
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| Conidiospores |
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| Fungi and insects both use the nitrogenous polysaccharide ________ as a protective molecule in their outer surfaces. |
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| chitin |
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| Organisms such as fungi that absorb nutrients from dead organisms are called ________. |
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| saprobes |
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| ________ are modified hyphae that allow fungi to derive nutrients from other living organisms. |
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| Haustoria |
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| ________ is the study of algae. |
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| Phycology |
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| Lichens spread to new areas by the use of multicellular fragments called ________. |
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| soredia |
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| Multicellular algae often reproduce sexually by means of haploid and diploid individuals in a process called ________. |
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| alternation of generations |
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| Microbiologists interested in parasitism study the multicellular ________ as well as single-celled protozoa |
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| parasitic worms |
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| The two halves of a diatom's cell wall, called ________, fit together like a Petri dish. |
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| frustules |
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| Ticks, lice, and mosquitoes often serve as ________ by carrying and transmitting pathogenic microbes. |
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| vectors |
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| Compare and contrast slime molds and water molds. |
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| Both the slime molds and the water molds are saprobes, and neither of them are fungi, as the names would suggest. In spite of the similarity of names, however, these organisms are more different than they are similar. Slime molds are classified among the protozoa (Amoebozoa). They are phagocytic saprobes without cell walls and occur in two forms: plasmodial and cellular. The plasmodial coenocytic slime molds are diploid under normal conditions, but under adverse conditions they produce haploid spores that can germinate to produce a unicellular form (myxamoeba) that uses flagella or pseudopodia for motility, depending on conditions. Two compatible myxamoebae fuse to form a new diploid, which, in turn, becomes a new coenocytic plasmodium. The cellular slime molds are haploid. Under ideal conditions, the cellular slime molds live as single-celled organisms (myxamoebae). When food becomes scarce, the myxamoebae congregate and cooperate to form a sporangium, and some individuals then become spores. No diploidy or meiosis is involved. The water molds are classified with the algae (Stramenophila), but they do not carry out photosynthesis. They are diploid saprobes with cell walls of cellulose. Their spores are motile by means of two flagella, which are structurally different. Some water molds are plant pathogens. |
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| Discuss the range of pathogenicity associated with eukaryotic microbes |
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| Some eukaryotic microbes are routinely pathogenic for humans or other hosts, whereas others are completely free-living and nonpathogenic. (It should be noted, however, that the majority of eukaryotic microbes are nonpathogenic for humans.) Probably the most nonpathogenic group is the algae, which, because they are photosynthetic, do not have to rely on the tissues of a host for their nutrients. Fungi exhibit a moderate level of pathogenicity; about 30% of fungal species can produce diseases (mycoses) in a variety of organisms, including humans. Many of these pathogenic fungi exist in two forms, a condition known as dimorphism. As a group, the protozoa exhibit the most striking instances of pathogenicity. However, this is not due solely to their nutritional requirements; like the fungi, protozoa are largely chemoheterotrophic. Protozoa are often pathogenic because they need moist, protected habitats because they lack a cell wall. Living in the tissues of a host allows protozoa to meet this requirement. |
