Micro 202 Lab EX: 13-17 – Flashcards
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| Obligate intracellular parasite (OIP) |
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| Enters host cells by phagocytosis Must grow and reproduce in host cell |
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| What are methods of laboratory culture of OIP? |
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| Live animals or avian eggs to provide live cells to support growth of atypical bacterial cell structure. |
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| What distinctive feature makes the mycoplasmas unique from other bacteria? |
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| Lack of cell wall, and therefore high pleomorphic (no definitive form). Cell membrane contains sterols. |
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| Zoonosis |
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| Diseases transmitted to humans from animal reservoirs by bite EX: tick transfers Rickettsiae |
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| Describe the symptoms of Rocky Mt. spotted fever? |
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| Fever, headache, and a rash that includes palms of hands and soles of feet as well as rest of body. |
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| How is Rocky mt spotted fever is transmitted? |
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| by animal reservoirs. Bite of arthropod (tick). |
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| What is the treatment of Rocky Mt spotted fever? |
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| Tetracycline or Chloramphenicol |
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| Describe the lifecycle of Chlamydiae |
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| 2 growth stages: Elementary body-(ouside host cell)infectious and particle Reticulate body-(inside host cell)metabolizing, reproducing stage. |
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| Why are mycoplasmas highly pleomorphic? |
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| Lack of cell wall enables them to alter their shape to fit an animal cell.( via phagocytosis) |
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| Why would penicillin not be an adequate antibiotic to treat a mycoplasma infection |
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| Penicillin acts on the cell wall. There is no cell wall. (EX: Chlamydiae) |
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| What are the three structural components of a virus? |
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| 1. Nucleic Acid core-DNA or RNA 2. Capsid 3. Envelope |
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| What 3 morphological types of capsids did you observe in the demonstration material? |
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| 1. Helical 2. Polyhedral 3. Complex |
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| For what viral diseases are immunizaitons available? |
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| 1.Influenza, Poxvirus, Paramyxoviruses (MMR),Rhabdovineses (Rabies), Picoraviruses (Polio) |
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| Is filtration a suitable sterilization method for viral contaminated materialWhy or why not? |
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| No Viruses will pass through filter |
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| What are retroviruses? |
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| Change genetic make up of cell. Reverse transcriptase |
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| Diseases associated with Retroviruses? |
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| HIV and SARS |
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| Compare the stucture of molds to yeast |
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| Molds-multifilamentous (hyphae). Septa (crosswalls) or nonseptate coenocytic (multineucleated filaments). Reproduce: asexually by mitosis Sexually by fusion of haploid distinctive sexual spores. |
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| Compare structures of molds and yeast |
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| Yeasts-unicellular fungi. Reproduce asexually by budding. Sexually by formation of spores |
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| Design a case study that would suggest a Histoplasma infection |
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| Opportunistic |
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| an organism, not normally pathogentic, taking advantage of a compromised host |
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| What type of patient specimen would you collect for histoplasmosis? |
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| Respiratory Systemic Flem from coughing. |
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| What precautions should you take in caring for a patient with ringworm? |
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| Do not touch infected area |
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| Describe some infections associated with Candida albicans |
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| Skin and mucosal infections (thrush in oral cavity and vaginal infections). |
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| What are symptoms of pinworm infection? |
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| itching around anus or vagina upset stomach loss of appetite irritability restlessness insomnia |
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| Which protozoan is of particular concern during pregnancy? |
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| Toxoplasma |
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| Describe the symptoms of Giardia infection. How is it contracted in an urban setting? |
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| Diarrhea Contracted by ingestion. Drinking water contaminated with feces |
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| What are some other examples of nonspecific chemical defense agents other than lysozyme? |
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| Interferon Low pH, high salt, gastric juices |
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| Why did you get different results with E. coli and the Micrococcus luteus in lysozyme experiments? |
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| Microcuccus are G+ and lysed by lysozyme E. coli are G- unaffected |
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| Examples of mechanical defense mechanisms |
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| 1. Cilia in mucus membranes impedes invasion of microbes 2. Skin epithelial keratin barrier 3. Sneezing 4. Urine flow |
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| Antigen |
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| Any foreign substance that causes the body to produce antibodies or sensitized T cells |
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| Anitbody |
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| A protein made by B cells and Plasma cells in reaction to a foreign substance or antigen. |
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| What is the difference in a precipitation reaction and an agglutination reaction? |
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| Precipitaion reaction-(invitro),fine cloudy reaction, liquad form in test tube, insoluble Agglutination-coagulation on slide or test tube, soluble |
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| How can serological test be used to verify the etiology (cause) of disease? |
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| Organisms are identified at the strain level |
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| These exercises demonstrated "invitro" antigen-antibody reactions. What type of activities are associated with antibodies "invivo'? |
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| Invivo is an experiment using the whole living organism such as animal testing or clinical trials |
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| Can group A and Group B Streptococci be distinguished by a Gram Stain? |
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| Yes, because the cells are either destroyed or (incomplete destruction in Group B. |
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| What hemolytic pattern is seen with Streptococcus pneumonias? |
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| Alpha Hemolytic (green) |
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| What are some diseases associated with Group A Streptococcus? |
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| 1. Acute sore throat 2. Scarlet Fever 3. Rheumatc Fever 4. Glomerulonephritis |
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| What would be some advantages to use of a rapid ID test for Group A Streptococcus? |
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| How would you differentiate Streptococcus pneumoniae from normal respiratory alpha streptococci? |
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| Leading cause of pneumoniae, otits media, and meningitis. |
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| To which streptococcal disease is there a vaccine? |
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| Streptococcus pneumoniae |
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| Describe symptoms of (A-D) A. Acute strep throat |
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| Sore and scratchy |
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| B. Rheumatic fever |
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| Fever Painful swollen joints chest pain fatigue |
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| C. Glomerulonephritis |
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| Pink/cola colored urine (RBC) High blood presure Fluid retention |
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| D. Impetigo |
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| Red sores-yellow/brown crust Itching Painless fluid blisters |
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| How are the normal microbiota involved in dental caries? |
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| Use of dextan capsule to form biofilms and ferment sugars producing lactid acid which affects tooth enamel. |
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| OIP |
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| Obligate intracellular parasite |
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| Characterize the genus Staphylococcus |
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| G+ cocci Irregular clusters Salt tolerant Catalase + |
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| How could you easily distinguish Staphylococcus epidermidis from Staphylococcus aureus? |
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| STAPH is catalase + Agglutinatin + (Staphyloside test) Beta Hemolysis |
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| Cite some precautions in patient care to prevent nosocial Staphylococcus aureus |
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| Preventative-(nose and skin) Tissue when sneeze Wash hands |
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| What is coagulase? |
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| What is coagulase? |
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| Enzyme used by S. aureus to induce coagulation |
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| What is coagulase? |
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| Enzyme used by S. aureus to induce coagulation |
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| Which of the bacterial respiratory pathogens can you be immunized against? |
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| Using textbook, create case history that would suggest a Klebsiella pneumoniae infection |
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| What are the symptoms of acute epiglottitis? |
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| Sore throat Fever Difficulty shallowing Fast heart rate |
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| What is sputum specimen |
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| mucus coughed up from respiratory tract |
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| What is "travelers" diarrhea? |
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| 3 or more loose stools in 24hrs Abdominal cramps |
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| How might you acquire a Salmonella infection? |
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| Ingestion of contaminated water or food |
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| Why are Salmonella and Shigella notifiable disease? |
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| Cause notifieable diseases: Salmonella-Typhoid Fever Shigella-Bacillary dysentery |
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| What is the difference between food poisoning and infection? |
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| Food Poisoning-general term for illness contracted by ingesting contaminated food Food Infection-result of ingesting pathogen-contaminated food. |
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| Cite some organisms associated with each |
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| How are urinary tract infections detected in the clinical microbiology lab since the organsims most oftern responsible are frequently found as normal flora in urine specimens? |
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| Urinalysis-it excludes bacteriauria |
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| What is currently the most frequent STD in the US? |
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| Chlamydia Trachomatis |
