question

Organizational culture is passed on to new employees through the process of socialization. True or False?

answer

True

question

Organizational culture influences the type of organizational structure adopted by a company. True or False?

answer

True

question

Espoused values represent the explicitly stated values and norms that are preferred by an organization. True or False?

answer

True

question

The company bulletin board on which employees post notes is an example of an enacted value. True or False?

answer

False

question

Since a gap between espoused values and enacted values has no influence on employee attitudes and organizational performance, managers should not waste time on reducing such gaps. True or False?

answer

False

question

When basic assumptions are widely held among employees, people will find behavior based on an inconsistent value easier to follow. True or False?

answer

False

question

Changes in organizational culture occur rapidly at the level of basic assumptions and only gradually at the level of observable artifacts. True or False?

answer

False

question

Giving members an organizational identity is one of the functions of organizational culture. True or False?

answer

True

question

The competing values framework (CVF) provides a practical way for managers to understand, measure, and improve profitability. True or False?

answer

False

question

Organizations can possess characteristics associated with more than one culture type. True or False?

answer

True

question

An organization cannot have both a clan culture and a hierarchical culture. True or False?

answer

False

question

The basic method by which a clan culture achieves effectiveness is collaboration True or False?

answer

True

question

An organization with an external focus that values flexibility has a hierarchical culture. True or False?

answer

False

question

An adhocracy culture values flexibility and has an external focus. True or False?

answer

True

question

A market culture is well suited for companies that rule the market and have no competitors. True or False?

answer

False

question

Organizations with a market culture tend to reward people who deliver results. True or False?

answer

True

question

The clan culture and market culture are both represented by values that emphasize an internal focus. True or False?

answer

False

question

An organization's culture can be a source of competitive advantage. True or False?

answer

True

question

The process of organizational change always begins with the recruitment of new employees. True or False?

answer

False - The process of culture change essentially begins with targeting one of the three layers of organizational culture--observable artifacts, espoused values,and basic assumptions.

question

Organizational culture will not change in a significant way unless managers are able to change basic underlying assumptions. True or False?

answer

True

question

The anticipatory socialization phase begins when the employment contract has been signed. True or False?

answer

False - Anticipatory socialization is Learning that occurs prior to joining the orgarization

question

Organization socialization begins before the individual actually joins the organization. True or False?

answer

True - In Phase 1 - Anticipatory socialization occurs before an individual actually joins an organization.

question

Divestiture is the denial and stripping away of the newcomer's existing sense of self and the reconstruction of self in the organization's image. True or False?

answer

True - During police t raining, cadets are required to wear uniforms and maintain an immaculate appearance, they are told they are no longer ordinary citizens but representatives of the police force.

question

Serial socialization provides a timetable for the assumption of the role, whereas a variable process does not. True or False?

answer

False - A serial process is one in Which the newcomer is socialized by an experienced member, whereas a disjunctive process does not use a role model.

question

Clothing company Beetle Basics puts all its new employees through the same three-day orientation program. This is a collective, formal socialization experience. True or False?

answer

True - Collective socialization consists of grouping newcomers and exposing them to a common set of experiences rather than treating each newcomer individually and exposing them to unique experiences. Formal socialization is the practice of segregating a newcomer from regular organization members during a defined socialization period Ex. Army recruits must attend boot camp before they are allowed to work alongside established soldiers.

question

A disjunctive socialization process is one in which the newcomer is socialized by an experienced member. True or False?

answer

False - A serial process is one in Which the newcomer is socialized by an experienced member. A disjunctive process does NOT use a role model.

question

Formal socialization is the practice of segregating a newcomer from regular organization members during a defined socialization period. True or False?

answer

True

question

An opportunistic network is associated with having weak ties with multiple developers from different social systems. True or False?

answer

True (Pg 76) A receptive developmental network is composed of a few weak ties from one social system such as an employer or a professional association. A traditional network contains a few strong ties between an employee and developers that all come from one social system. An entrepreneurial network, which is the strongest type of developmental network, is made up of strong ties among several developers who come from four different social systems.

question

A receptive developmental network is the strongest type of network. True or False?

answer

False

question

An entrepreneurial developmental network is associated with having weak ties with multiple developers from different social systems. True or False?

answer

False

question

Organizational _____ is(are) the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments. A. artifacts B. culture C. ethics D. socialization E. mentoring

answer

B. culture

question

The three fundamental layers of organizational culture are: A. observable artifacts, ethics, and socialization. B. ethics, socialization, and mentoring. C. ethics, observable artifacts, and mentoring. D. observable artifacts, espoused values, and mentoring. E. observable artifacts, espoused values, and underlying assumptions.

answer

E. observable artifacts, espoused values, and underlying assumptions. (Pg 66)

question

Which of the following is an example of an artifact of an organization? A. The different management styles of people in the organization B. The national culture in which the organization functions C. The underlying beliefs about the organization D. The company's annual awards function E. The company's espoused values

answer

D. The company's annual awards function

question

______ consist of the physical manifestation of an organization's culture. They include acronyms, manner of dress, awards, myths and stories told about the organization, published lists of values, observable rituals and ceremonies, special parking spaces, decorations, and so on. A. Mnemonics B. Artifacts C. Basic assumptions D. Espoused values E. Enacted values

answer

B. Artifacts

question

When Hannah entered the Hyatt Hotel to confirm a booking she had done for her friend, she noticed that all the hospitality staff wore clothes in the same color and style. Which of the following layers of organizational culture would such a dress code represent? A. Artifacts B. Espoused values C. Enacted values D. Assumptions E. Mnemonics

answer

A. Artifacts

question

The reception area of Catwalk Inc. has a huge showcase displaying the various awards the company has won over the years. This is a representation of which of the following layers of the organizational culture? A. Artifacts B. Espoused values C. Enacted values D. Semantics E. Mnemonics

answer

A. Artifacts

question

A company hangs signs on its walls saying, "Trust is one of our guiding principles." This is an example of a(n): A. espoused value. B. enacted value. C. intrinsic value. D. redundant value. E. instrumental value.

answer

A. espoused value.

question

The most visible level of an organization's culture is: A. espoused values. B. assumptions. C. ethics. D. artifacts. E. enacted values.

answer

D. artifacts.

question

The top management of Olympic Sports Equipment has clearly stated the values and norms that the company expects its employees to follow. These are referred to as: A. espoused values. B. below-the-surface artifacts. C. enacted values. D. social artifacts. E. observable artifacts.

answer

A. espoused values.

question

_____ represent the explicitly stated values and norms that are preferred by an organization. A. Artifacts B. Espoused values C. Enacted values D. Basic assumptions E. Beliefs

answer

B. Espoused values

question

Every month, Target selects an employee for the "Employee of the Month" award. The winner gets a $100 check and an assigned parking space for a month. This is an example of a(n): A. underlying assumption. B. enacted value. C. observable artifact. D. espoused value. E. mnemonic.

answer

C. observable artifact.

question

Every employee at RTG Inc. knows that the company's two main principles are "We value diversity" and "Teaching matters". Which of the following layers of organization culture does this represent? A. Artifacts B. Espoused values C. Enacted values D. Basic assumptions E. Competence suppressors

answer

B. Espoused values

question

The values and norms that are exhibited by employees are called: A. face values. B. espoused values. C. intrinsic values. D. instrumental values. E. enacted values.

answer

E. enacted values.

question

Though TGF's stated HR policies value diversity and encourage applications from diverse backgrounds, employees notice that this is not really put into practice. This represents: A. a combination of artifacts and beliefs. B. a gap between espoused and enacted values. C. a combination of artifacts and espoused values. D. a gap between artifacts and enacted values. E. a synthesis of espoused and enacted values.

answer

B. a gap between espoused and enacted values.

question

_____ constitute organizational values that have become so taken for granted over time that they become the underlying forces that guide organizational behavior. A. Artifacts B. Semantics C. Mnemonics D. Ethics E. Assumptions

answer

E. Assumptions

question

The essential factor in maintaining social stability in an organization is: A. managing conflict and change in the organization. B. encouraging social networking among employees. C. increasing the gap between espoused and enacted values. D. instituting performance-based incentives. E. developing a clan culture rather than a market culture.

answer

A. managing conflict and change in the organization.

question

Which of the following reflects the extent to which the work environment is perceived as positive and reinforcing, and conflict and change are managed effectively? A. Social system stability B. Organizational identity C. Investiture socialization D. Disjunctive socialization E. Diversity of developmental relationships

answer

A. Social system stability

question

The dimensions on which the Competing Values Framework bases its classifications of organizations are: A. profit/non-profit and horizontal/vertical. B. positivity/negativity and employer-focused/employee-focused. C. flexibility/stability and internality/externality. D. top-down/bottom-up and investiture/divestiture. E. serial/disjunctive and formal/informal.

answer

C. flexibility/stability and internality/externality. One axis pertains to whether an organization focuses its attention and efforts on internal dynamics and employees or outward toward its external environment and its customers and shareholders. The second is concerned with an organization's preference for flexibility and discretion or control and stability.

question

Which of the following is a dimension of organizational culture used in the Competing Values Framework? A. Whether an organization follows a top-down or bottom-up approach to communication B. Whether an organization focuses its efforts on internal dynamics or outward toward its external environment C. Whether an organization uses investiture or divestiture to socialize new members into the organization D. Whether an organization's main focus is on profit or it contributes to not-for-profit activities E. Whether an organization's culture encourages formal or informal relationships between employers and employees

answer

B. Whether an organization focuses its efforts on internal dynamics or outward toward its external environment

question

Which of the following company slogans most reflects the characteristics of a clan culture? A. You'll always find us one step ahead of the market. B. Think outside the box. Dream it. Do it. C. People are our greatest asset. D. Precision plus consistence equals quality. E. Putting customers first.

answer

C. People are our greatest asset.

question

Which of the following statements about the Competing Values Framework is true? A. It is a mechanism for judging between employees. B. It is highly theoretical and impractical. C. It is an approach for classifying organizational culture. D. It does not take non-profit organizations into consideration. E. It describes six different types of organizational culture.

answer

C. It is an approach for classifying organizational culture.

question

A clan culture can be identified by: A. internal focus and flexibility. B. external focus and flexibility. C. internal focus and control. D. external focus and stability. E. external focus and control.

answer

A. internal focus and flexibility.

question

A(n) _____ organizational culture resembles a family-type organization in which effectiveness is achieved by encouraging collaboration between employees. A. clan B. market C. adhocracy D. hierarchy E. passive

answer

A. clan

question

Which of the following is a typical feature of an organization that has a clan culture? A. It values employee consensus and job satisfaction. B. It has an external rather than an internal focus. C. It prefers to maintain stability instead of adopting flexible methods of working. D. It discourages employee collaboration in favour of top-down management. E. It relies on centralized power and authority.

answer

A. It values employee consensus and job satisfaction.

question

Tom's of Maine is a company which produces all-natural toothpastes, soaps, and other hygiene products. According to the company statement of beliefs, they aim to provide their employees with "a safe and fulfilling environment and an opportunity to grow and learn." Which of the following types of organizational culture has Tom's of Maine adopted? A. Clan culture B. Adhocracy culture C. Market culture D. Hierarchy culture E. Passive culture

answer

A. Clan culture

question

A(n) _____ culture has an external focus and values flexibility. A. clan B. active C. adhocracy D. hierarchy E. market

answer

C. adhocracy

question

An adhocracy culture: A. has an internal focus. B. is very employee focused. C. fosters the creation of innovative products and services by being adaptable. D. relies on centralized power and authority. E. is driven by competition and a strong desire to deliver results and accomplish goals.

answer

C. fosters the creation of innovative products and services by being adaptable.

question

Kling On Inc. values creativity and tries to develop new products in anticipation of changing customer demands. It can be said that Kling On has a(n) _____ culture. A. clan B. passive C. adhocracy D. hierarchy E. market

answer

C. adhocracy

question

Apple breeds leaders who focus on innovative outputs and are agile enough to adapt to the frequent changes of their industry. Apple is an example of a(n) ______ culture because it allows its employees to take initiative and experiment with new ideas. A. clan B. adhocracy C. market D. hierarchy E. passive

answer

B. adhocracy

question

Which of the following types of culture has an internal focus and values stability? A. Clan B. Passive C. Adhocracy D. Hierarchy E. Market

answer

D. Hierarchy

question

Which of the following types of culture has an external focus and values stability? A. Clan B. Passive C. Adhocracy D. Hierarchy E. Market

answer

E. Market

question

AT&T is an example of _____ culture because they pride themselves on being result - oriented and highly competitive in their industry. A. clan B. adhocracy C. market D. hierarchy E. passive

answer

C. market

question

Companies with ______ cultures are more likely to implement Total Quality Management programs, as these programs fulfill the companies' requirement for control over every aspect of the process and maximize efficiency and measurability. A. hierarchical B. clan C. passive D. market E. adhocracy

answer

A. hierarchical

question

The process by which employees learn an organization's values, norms, and required behaviors is known as: A. radicalization. B. institutionalization. C. socialization. D. dispensation. E. solicitation.

answer

C. socialization.

question

Feldman's three-phase model of organizational socialization begins with: A. the acquisition phase. B. the change phase. C. the anticipatory socialization phase. D. the encounter phase. E. the reciprocal socialization phase.

answer

C. the anticipatory socialization phase.

question

In Feldman's three-phase model, organizational socialization begins: A. before the individual actually joins the organization. B. during the interview process. C. once the individual is hired. D. when the mentor is identified in the organization. E. after the individual has spent a year in the company.

answer

A. before the individual actually joins the organization.

question

Organizational socialization that occurs prior to joining the organization is known as: A. reciprocal socialization. B. espousing. C. cultural reproduction. D. anticipatory socialization. E. divestiture.

answer

D. anticipatory socialization.

question

Which of the following is a behavioral outcome expected once an outsider becomes a socialized insider within an organization? A. Identification with the organization B. Internal motivation to work C. High job satisfaction D. Performance of role assignments E. Frequent job hopping

answer

D. Performance of role assignments Behavioral outcomes • Performs role assignments • Remains with organization • Spontaneously innovates and cooperates

question

Which of the following is an affective outcome expected once an outsider becomes a socialized insider within an organization? A. Remaining with the organization B. Spontaneously innovating and cooperating C. Performing role assignments D. Exhibiting high job involvement E. Carrying out tasks independently

answer

D. Exhibiting high job involvement Affective outcomes • Generally satisfied •Internally motivated to work •High job involvement

question

The encounter phase of the organizational socialization begins: A. before the individual interviews with the company. B. when the employment contract has been signed. C. when the important tasks has been mastered. D. after the individual has achieved a certain status symbol in the organization. E. after the individual completes 3 years of work in the organization.

answer

B. when the employment contract has been signed.

question

During the _____ phase of socialization, employees come to learn what the organization is really like. A. encounter B. reciprocal C. acquisition D. anticipation E. renewal

answer

A. encounter

question

Which phase of socialization requires employees to master important tasks and roles and to adjust to their work group's values and norms? A. Renewal B. Change and acquisition C. Anticipatory socialization D. Encounter E. Pre-socialization

answer

B. Change and acquisition

question

The _____ socialization tactic relies heavily on role models. A. individual B. serial C. informal D. sequential E. divestiture

answer

B. serial

question

An organization that strips away a newcomer's sense of self is using a(n) _____ socialization tactic. A. random B. disjunctive C. informal D. variable E. divestiture

answer

E. divestiture

question

Socialization research offers which of these practical guideline(s) for managing organizational socialization? A. Managers should implement a sink-or-swim approach to organizational socialization. B. Managers play the least important role during the encounter phase, therefore, they should minimize their time allocation to this phase. C. Proactive socialization behaviors have a negative impact on organizations. D. Managers should pay attention to the socialization of diverse employees. E. A serial socialization process should be used when a company has been newly started and all employees are newly hired.

answer

D. Managers should pay attention to the socialization of diverse employees.

question

_____ is defined as the process of forming and maintaining developmental relationships between a senior and a junior person. A. Organizational socialization B. Adhocracy C. Hierarchy D. Mentoring E. Coaching

answer

D. Mentoring

question

Which of the following is true of mentoring new employees within an organization? A. Mentoring is an important tool for organizational socialization, but has no impact on the employee's career prospects. B. Developers refrain from connecting with protégés on a social footing in order to maintain neutrality. C. Mentoring relationships are typically short-lived, lasting only until the employee has been socialized into his or her role. D. Developers concentrate on developing protégés' task-related skills and providing career support. E. Mentoring provides protégés with psychological and social support as well as providing job-related training.

answer

E. Mentoring provides protégés with psychological and social support as well as providing job-related training.

question

According to Kathy Kram, the two general functions that mentoring accomplishes are: A. career functions and psychosocial functions. B. psychological development and social development. C. socialization and radicalization. D. behavioral development and skills development. E. investiture functions and disjunctive functions.

answer

A. career functions and psychosocial functions.

question

According to Kathy Kram, which of these is a psychological function of mentoring? A. Sponsorship B. Exposure-and-visibility C. Coaching D. Protection E. Counseling

answer

E. Counseling

question

According to researcher Kathy Kram, which of these is a career function of mentoring? A. Friendship B. Acceptance-and-confirmation C. Coaching D. Role modeling E. Counseling

answer

C. Coaching

question

A receptive developmental network is composed of: A. strong relationships between protégés within the same social system. B. strong ties among several developers from different social systems. C. relationships based on frequent interactions, reciprocity, and positive affect. D. a few weak ties from one social system. E. weak ties from various social systems from which the networked relationships stem.

answer

D. a few weak ties from one social system.

question

Which developmental network associated with mentoring contains a few strong ties between an employee and developers who all come from one social system? A. Entrepreneurial B. Traditional C. Opportunistic D. Receptive E. Cognitive

answer

B. Traditional

question

A(n) _____ network is associated with having weak ties with multiple developers from different social systems. A. traditional B. cognitive C. receptive D. entrepreneurial E. opportunistic

answer

E. opportunistic

question

A(n) _____ developmental network is composed of a few weak ties from one social system, such as an employer or professional association. A. receptive B. traditional C. opportunistic D. entrepreneurial E. oppositional

answer

A. receptive

question

Which of the following is the strongest type of developmental network associated with mentoring? A. Receptive B. Traditional C. Opportunistic D. Entrepreneurial E. Oppositional

answer

D. Entrepreneurial

question

The ability to form connections and bring people together, characterized by intercultural empathy, interpersonal impact, and diplomacy is known as social capital. True or False?

answer

True

question

Societal culture is a social phenomenon that is shared among a society's members. True or False?

answer

True

question

Culture is prescriptive, but not descriptive. True or False?

answer

False - BOTH! Culture may be prescriptive (what people should do) and descriptive (what they actually do).

question

Societal culture is shaped by organizational culture and its values. True or False?

answer

False

question

Societal culture is a by-product of organizational culture. True or False?

answer

False - Employees bring their societal culture to work with them in the form of customs and language. Organizational culture, is a by-product of societal culture, that in turn affects individual differences, such as values, ethics, attitudes, assumptions, and expectations. These individual differences then influence behavior at the individual, group, and organizational levels.

question

When a manager manages people at work, the individual's societal culture need not be taken into consideration. True or False?

answer

False

question

Ethnocentric consumers prefer domestically produced goods even when the imported alternatives are cheaper and known to be better quality. True or False?

answer

True

question

"Ethnocentrism" leads to negative outcomes such as "ethnic cleansing". True or False?

answer

True - Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic or religious groups from a given territory with the intent of creating a territory inhabited by people of a homogeneous or pure ethnicity, religion, culture, and history.

question

Though it is unethical, ethnocentrism is good for business. True or False?

answer

False

question

Expatriate managers have greater difficulties adjusting to their international assignments when their subordinates are ethnocentric. True or False?

answer

True

question

Developing cross-cultural skills are among the skills necessary to become an effective global manager. True or False?

answer

True

question

GLOBE Model: Future orientation indicates a person's ability to delay gratification. True or False?

answer

True

question

According to Hofstede, power distance refers to how much inequality someone expects in social situations. True or False?

answer

True

question

According to Hofstede, the individualism-collectivism dimension refers to how strongly the person desires highly structured situations. True or False?

answer

False - Uncertainty avoidance- is how strongly does the person resire highly structured situations?

question

According to the dimensions of culture considered by the GLOBE project, global collectivism refers to how much pride and loyalty individuals have for their family or organization. True or False?

answer

False - In-group collectivism

question

Gender egalitarianism is one of the cultural dimensions of the GLOBE project. True or False?

answer

True - FYI egalitarianism = equality

question

In the GLOBE project, the US managerial sample scored high on assertiveness and performance orientation. True or False?

answer

True

question

The GLOBE project was built on the work done by Geert Hofstede. True or False?

answer

True

question

In cultures with high power distance, employees are most likely to accept discipline when delivered by someone who is clearly of higher status. True or False?

answer

True

question

People in individualistic cultures are more likely to expect others to help them out when they are in trouble than people in collectivist cultures. True or False?

answer

False

question

People in collectivist cultures are expected to subordinate their own wishes and goals to those of the relevant social unit. True or False?

answer

True

question

In low-context cultures, nonverbal cues such as one's official position, status, or family connections convey messages more powerfully than do spoken words. True or False?

answer

False

question

In high-context cultures, written and spoken words carry the burden of shared meaning. True or False?

answer

False

question

In high-context cultures, agreements tend to be made on the basis of someone's word or a handshake. True or False?

answer

True

question

Germany has precise written rules for even the smallest details of daily life, indicating that it is a low-context culture. True or False?

answer

True

question

The more things a person tends to do at once, the more polychronic that person is. True or False?

answer

True - Polychronic time is seen in the multiple and cyclical activities and concurrent involvement with different people in Mediterranean, Latin American, and especially Arab cultures.

question

Tyra is very organized. She makes her timetable for the day every morning and prefers to do one thing at a time. It can be said that Tyra has a polychronic concept of time. True or False?

answer

False - Monochronic time is revealed in the ordered, precise, schedule-driven use of public time that typifies and even caricatures efficient Northern Europeans and North Americans.

question

Intelligence is a universally positive leader attribute. True or False?

answer

True

question

Cross-cultural training is only necessary when employees are to be transferred abroad. True or False?

answer

False

question

Informational support includes knowledge to assist expatriates' functioning and problem solving in the host country. True or False?

answer

True

question

The three competencies that an organization requires to build a global mindset are: A. cultural capital, social capital, and economic capital. B. intellectual capital, financial capital, and social capital. C. intellectual capital, psychological capital, and social capital. D. cultural capital, economic capital, and physical capital. E. cultural capital, knowledge capital, and technological capital.

answer

C. intellectual capital, psychological capital, and social capital.

question

_____ capital refers to the knowledge of international business and the ability to learn, characterized by global business savvy, cognitive complexity, and cosmopolitan outlook. A. Cultural B. Psychological C. Social D. Intellectual E. Technological

answer

D. Intellectual

question

_____ capital refers to a person's openness to other cultures and willingness to change, characterized by passion for diversity, thirst for adventure, and self-assurance. A. Cultural B. Psychological C. Social D. Intellectual E. Technological

answer

B. Psychological

question

_____ capital refers to the ability to form connections and bring people together, characterized by intercultural empathy, interpersonal impact, and diplomacy. A. Cultural B. Psychological C. Social D. Intellectual E. Technological

answer

C. Social

question

Which of the following actions indicates that a person is building his intellectual capital? A. Being open to other cultures B. Being willing to change C. Reading about international businesses D. Bringing people together E. Developing a passion for diversity

answer

C. Reading about international businesses

question

_____ involves beliefs and values about what is desirable and undesirable in a community of people. A. Organizational culture B. Cultural relativism C. Societal culture D. Cultural imperialism E. Cultural assimilation

answer

C. Societal culture

question

_____ involves shared values, norms, identities, and interpretations that result from common experiences of members of collectives that are transmitted over time. A. Social capital B. Cultural relativism C. Societal culture D. Cultural imperialism E. Cultural assimilation

answer

C. Societal culture

question

Most cultural lessons are learned through: A. reading about various countries. B. religious indoctrination. C. formal education and training. D. observing and imitating role models. E. visiting different countries.

answer

D. observing and imitating role models.

question

Chloe's remarkable ability to interact with people and get them to work as a team is an invaluable asset to her company. She often travels to her company's branches around the world to help new project teams from different backgrounds interact, work together, and empathize with each other. Chloe's company is capitalizing on her ____. A. psychological capital B. social capital C. intellectual capital D. working capital E. knowledge capital

answer

B. social capital

question

Jacques, a French national, is the CEO of French Global. The firm has significant operations in Japan and the United States. Jacques recently announced that all employees of the company, no matter which part of the world they may be in, must learn French and communicate in French in official correspondence. This represents an example of: A. cultural flexibility. B. polychronic time. C.cultural relativism. D. monochronic time. E. ethnocentrism.

answer

E. ethnocentrism.

question

The belief that one's native country, culture, language, and behavior are superior to all others is known as: A. individualism. B. collectivism. C. cultural relativism. D. polycentrism. E. ethnocentrism.

answer

E. ethnocentrism.

question

_____ managers have a preference for putting home-country people in key positions everywhere in the world and rewarding them more handsomely for work, along with a tendency to feel that this group is more intelligent, more capable, or more reliable. A. Monochronic B. Polychronic C. Ethnocentric D. Individualistic E. High-context

answer

C. Ethnocentric

question

Which of the following is an example of ethnocentrism? A. Though an equal number of men and women applied for a job, Troy picked only males to fill the five vacant positions. B. Britta owns her own hair salon and was recently in trouble for having fired an employee who gained a little weight. C. Abed, originally from India, shows a decided preference for candidates of Asian descent, saying that they are more diligent than others. D. Jeff tends to favor younger candidates over older ones, despite the fact that the older candidates have more on-the-job experience. E. Shirley was censured by her boss for rejecting job applications on the basis of the religion she assumed the applicants followed.

answer

C. Abed, originally from India, shows a decided preference for candidates of Asian descent, saying that they are more diligent than others.

question

Someone who is considered to possess cultural intelligence will: A. avoid making any generalizations about the people of any culture. B. reject cultural paradoxes as unfair stereotypes of a particular culture. C. acknowledge the merits of ethnocentrism encouraging diversity. D. use generalizations about cultures but avoid making them stereotypes. E. refer to his own cultural practices to judge ambiguous cross-cultural situations.

answer

D. use generalizations about cultures but avoid making them stereotypes.

question

_____ refers to the ability to accurately interpret ambiguous cross-cultural situations. A. Ethnocentrism B. Cultural intelligence C. Cultural relativism D. Xenocentrism E. Cultural assimilation

answer

B. Cultural intelligence

question

Those interested in developing their cultural intelligence need to first develop their: A. knowledge capital. B. ethnocentric outlook. C. monochronic nature. D. polychronic attitude. E. emotional intelligence.

answer

E. emotional intelligence.

question

Project GLOBE is a massive and ongoing research program to study the impact of cultural variables on leadership behaviors and organizational effectiveness. GLOBE stands for: A. Globe's Leading Organization Behavioral Environment. B. Globe's Largest Organization Behavioral Environment. C. Globalization and Liberalization of the Organizational Behavioral Environment. D. Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness. E. Globe's Leading Organizational Behavior Ethics.

answer

D. Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness.

question

Project GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness) is the brainchild of University of Pennsylvania professor: A. Robert J House. B. Geert Hofstede. C. Christopher Jones. D. Elton Mayo. E. Mary Parker Follett.

answer

A. Robert J House.

question

The GLOBE Project studies: A. the methods by which companies can reduce culture shock for expatriates and repatriates. B. the impact of cultural variables on leadership behaviors and organizational effectiveness. C. the significance of early childhood experiences for leaders' later organizational behavior. D. the importance of quantitative rather than qualitative study in organizational behavior. E. the differences between societal and national culture and their impact on behavior.

answer

B. the impact of cultural variables on leadership behaviors and organizational effectiveness.

question

Which of the following nine cultural dimensions from the GLOBE project deals with how much people rely on social norms and rules to avoid insecurity and limit unpredictability? A. Power distance B. Uncertainty avoidance C. Institutional collectivism D. In-group collectivism E. Future orientation

answer

B. Uncertainty avoidance

question

It is known that Wellness Inc. prefers to hire men over women because their manager, Carl, feels that men are more productive than women. It can be said that Wellness Inc. scores low on the _____ dimension of the GLOBE project. A. gender nonconformity B. gender continuum C. gender egalitarianism D. gender performativity E. gender neutrality

answer

C. gender egalitarianism

question

A society that scores high on humane orientation would: A. reward individuals for economic productivity. B. minimize gender discrimination. C. encourage and reward people for being kind and friendly. D. delay gratification by planning and saving for the future. E. avoid uncertainty and limit unpredictability.

answer

C. encourage and reward people for being kind and friendly.

question

Which of Hofstede's dimensions is a measure of inequality in social situations? A. Power distance B. Individualism-collectivism C. Masculinity-femininity D. Uncertainty avoidance E. High versus low context

answer

A. Power distance

question

How loosely or closely a person is socially bonded reflects Hofstede's dimension of: A. power distance. B. individualism-collectivism. C. masculinity-femininity. D. uncertainty avoidance. E. high versus low-context.

answer

B. individualism-collectivism.

question

If the culture in Japan represents competitive, performance-oriented traits, it is said to be high on the _____ dimension. A. power distance B. individualism C. masculinity D. uncertainty avoidance E. collectivism

answer

C. masculinity

question

Hofstede's uncertainty avoidance dimension measures: A. how much inequality someone expects in social situations. B. how loosely or closely a person is socially bonded. C. if the person embraces competitive traits or nurturing traits. D. how strongly a person desires highly structured situations. E. if people do one thing at a time or multiple tasks simultaneously.

answer

D. how strongly a person desires highly structured situations.

question

Which of these is one of the cultural dimensions identified by Hofstede? A. Future orientation B. In-group collectivism C. Masculinity-femininity D. Assertiveness E. Gender egalitarianism

answer

C. Masculinity-femininity

question

Which of these, according to the GLOBE project, refers to how much pride and loyalty individuals should have for their family or organization? A. Future orientation B. In-group collectivism C. Power distance D. Assertiveness E. Gender egalitarianism

answer

B. In-group collectivism

question

Which dimension from the GLOBE project refers to how confrontational and dominant individuals are in social relationships? A. Future orientation B. In-group collectivism C. Power distance D. Assertiveness E. Gender egalitarianism

answer

D. Assertiveness

question

Rebecca has always focused on delaying gratification and saving money for her children's educations and her own retirement. According to dimensions from the GLOBE project, Rebecca's behavior reflects: A. future orientation. B. in-group collectivism. C. masculinity. D. assertiveness. E. gender egalitarianism.

answer

A. future orientation.

question

_____ refers to how much leaders should encourage and reward loyalty to the social unit, as opposed to the pursuit of individual goals. A. Performance orientation B. Power distance C. Humane orientation D. Institutional collectivism E. Future orientation

answer

D. Institutional collectivism

question

Researchers studied children's ability to delay gratification in the hope of receiving a greater reward and discovered that those who were able to delay gratification went on to do well in later life. Those children who successfully delayed gratification would rank high on the _____ dimension of the GLOBE dimensions of culture. A. humane orientation B. power distance C. future orientation D. uncertainty avoidance E. performance orientation

answer

C. future orientation

question

_____ cultures, characterized as "I" and "Me" cultures, give priority to freedom and choice for each person. A. Individualistic B. Collectivist C. High-culture D. Low-culture E. Polychronic

answer

A. Individualistic

question

Senior citizens in the _____ US culture are more likely to see themselves as responsible for their own well-being, in contrast to Europeans, who more often expect help at this stage of their lives. A. individualistic B. collectivist C. high-context D. polychronic E. monochronic

answer

A. individualistic

question

_____ cultures, also known as "we" and "us" cultures, rank shared goals higher than individual desires and goals. A. High-context B. Low-context C. Collectivist D. Monochronic E. Polychronic

answer

C. Collectivist

question

Rosalie always argues for personal freedom and choice. She has suggested that her beliefs have been shaped by the culture that she grew up in. Based on this information, which of these can be classified as Rosalie's culture? A. Individualistic B. High-context C. Monochronic D. Low-context E. Collectivist

answer

A. Individualistic

question

Which culture emphasizes community goals and interests over personal goals? A. Individualistic B. High-context C. Polychronic D. Low-context E. Collectivist

answer

E. Collectivist

question

Another name for a collectivist culture is: A. a high-context culture. B. a communitarian culture. C. a low power distance culture. D. a gender egalitarian culture. E. a high-uncertainty avoidance culture.

answer

B. a communitarian culture.

question

Managers of Ista International rely heavily on situational cues for meaning when communicating with others. It can be said that they are from a(n) _____ culture. A. high-context B. individualistic C. monochronic D. low-context E. masculine

answer

A. high-context

question

Which of the following countries displays characteristics of a high-context culture? A. Mexicans rely heavily on situational cues for meaning during communication. B. North Americans rely more on verbal than on nonverbal cues for information. C. In Great Britain, spoken words carry the burden of shared meanings. D. Germany has precise written rules for even the smallest details of daily life. E. The Swiss have a reputation for precision and pragmatism in communication.

answer

A. Mexicans rely heavily on situational cues for meaning during communication.

question

Which of the following countries displays characteristics of a low-context culture? A. People from Saudi Arabia rely heavily on situational cues for meaning during communication. B. In China, nonverbal cues such as one's official position, status, or family connections convey messages more powerfully than do spoken words. C. In Mexico, agreements tend to be made on the basis of someone's word or a handshake. D. Germany has precise written rules for even the smallest details of daily life. E. Japanese rely more on nonverbal than on verbal cues to obtain information about a situation.

answer

D. Germany has precise written rules for even the smallest details of daily life.

question

In _____ cultures, written and spoken words carry the burden of shared meanings. A. individualistic B. collectivist C. high-context D. low-context E. polychronic

answer

D. low-context

question

Maria gets frustrated in dealing with people from different cultures. She says, "Everybody should communicate clearly what is on their mind or should just keep all agreements in writing so there is no confusion and misunderstanding." Based on this information, Maria is most likely to come from a _____ culture. A. high-context B. collectivist C. polychronic D. low-context E. individualist

answer

D. low-context

question

Which of the following typifies the perception of time in monochronic cultures? A. Time is cyclical. B. Time is flexible. C. Time is fluid. D. Time is linear. E. Time is multidimensional.

answer

D. Time is linear.

question

Monochronic time is associated with: A. multiple and cyclical activities. B. concurrent involvement. C. schedule-driven use of time. D. multitasking. E. a flexible view of time.

answer

C. schedule-driven use of time.

question

_____ time refers to the preference for doing one thing at a time because time is limited, precisely segmented, and schedule-driven. A. High-context B. Individualistic C. Monochronic D. Relativistic E. Polychronic

answer

C. Monochronic

question

The preference for doing more than one thing at a time indicates that a person most likely follows the _____ view of time. A. high-context B. individualistic C. monochronic D. collectivist E. polychronic

answer

E. polychronic

question

According to the GLOBE project, which of these is a universally negative leader attribute? A. Decisive B. Team builder C. Nonexplicit D. Dependable E. Motive arouser

answer

C. Nonexplicit

question

According to the GLOBE project, which of these is universally accepted as a positive attribute for a leader? A. Asocial B. Loner C. Egocentric D. Nonexplicit E. Motive arouser

answer

E. Motive arouser

question

Anyone living or working in a foreign country is called: A. an expatriate. B. an individualist. C. an emigrant. D. a collectivist. E. a repatriate.

answer

A. an expatriate.

question

_____ are workers who were previously transferred to another country and then transferred back home. A. Repatriates B. Third-country nationals C. Host-country nationals D. Naturalized citizens E. Expatriates

answer

A. Repatriates

question

_____ has/have proven effective at bringing people's unrealistic expectations about a pending job assignment down to earth by providing a balance of good and bad news. A. Job analysis B. Realistic job previews C. Job sharing D. Repatriation E. Expatriation

answer

B. Realistic job previews

question

_____ refers to anxiety and doubt caused by an overload of new expectations and cues. A. A high-context situation B. An individualistic experience C. A monochronic time lag D. Culture shock E. A cultural paradox

answer

D. Culture shock

question

Hannah is assigned to help her expatriate colleagues from Japan learn how to navigate daily life in America. She helps them obtain drivers' licences, shop for food, and find their way around the city. Hannah is providing _____ for her colleagues. A. customer support B. technical support C. informational support D. emotional support E. decision support

answer

C. informational support

question

_____ support, useful during a foreign assignment, helps expatriates feel better about themselves and their situation when adjustment is difficult or overwhelming. A. Cultural B. Linguistic C. Informational D. Emotional E. Decision

answer

D. Emotional

question

The conflict process unfolds in a context, and can escalate or de-escalate. True or False?

answer

True

question

The sources and issues of conflict can be real or imagined. True or False?

answer

True

question

Frederick Taylor recognized the inevitability of conflict and advised managers to learn to live with it. True or False?

answer

False

question

Too little conflict tends to create apathy, lack of creativity, indecision, and missed deadlines. True or False?

answer

True

question

Functional conflict is commonly referred to in management circles as constructive or cooperative conflict. True or False?

answer

True

question

Collective decision making is an antecedent of conflict. True or False?

answer

True

question

Individuals who feel undeserving and/or fear the consequences of success often avoid conflict for fear of getting what they want. True or False?

answer

True

question

According to Tjosvold's model, the three desired outcomes of conflict are avoidance, acceptance, and agreement. True or False?

answer

False

question

Cross-cultural conflict can be described as interpersonal opposition driven by personal dislikes and/or disagreements. True or False?

answer

False

question

By definition, personality traits are unstable and prone to change. True or False?

answer

False

question

Researchers view incivility as a self-perpetuating vicious cycle that can end in violence. True or False?

answer

True

question

Workplace incivility is defined as high-intensity deviant behavior intended to harm the target person in ways that violate norms of mutual respect. True or False?

answer

False

question

Early action can prevent a single irritating behavior from precipitating into a full-blown personality conflict. True or False?

answer

True

question

According to researcher done on workplace incivility, customers who saw employee-to-employee incivility generalized negative behavior to others who work for the organization True or False?

answer

True

question

Traditionally, managers dealt with personality conflicts by either ignoring them or transferring one party. True or False?

answer

True

question

In-group thinking that represents a form of ethnocentrism can be a cross-cultural barrier and virtually guarantees conflict. True or False?

answer

True

question

According to the contact hypothesis, the more the members of different groups interact, the more intergroup conflict they will experience. True or False?

answer

False

question

A study of over 1,600 ethnic majority (in-group) and ethnic minority (out-group) students revealed that contact had a significant effect on reducing the prejudice of the minority out-group on the majority in-group. True or False?

answer

False

question

The number one priority for managers faced with intergroup conflict is to identify and root out specific negative linkages among groups. True or False?

answer

True

question

ccording to Rosalie L. Tung's study of expatriates, the most important way to facilitate interaction with host-country nationals is to be compassionate and understanding. True or False?

answer

False

question

Work-family conflict can take two distinct forms: work interference with family and family interference with work. True or False?

answer

True

question

Devil's advocacy is an attempt to synthesize truths by exploring opposite positions. True or False?

answer

False

question

The dialectic method involves an approach to programmed conflict that is intended to generate reality testing and critical thinking. True or False?

answer

False

question

A major drawback of the conflict handling style of compromising is that "winning the debate" may overshadow the issue at hand. True or False?

answer

False

question

The primary strength of the integrating style of handling conflict is that it is speedily implemented. True or False?

answer

False

question

Obliging is an appropriate conflict-handling strategy for resolving complex issues plagued by misunderstanding. True or False?

answer

False

question

Research on the Rahim scale found that compromising is the best conflict-handling strategy for every situation. True or False?

answer

False

question

An arbitrator is someone who works for the organization, is widely respected and trusted by his/her coworkers, hears grievances on a confidential basis, and attempts to arrange solutions. True or False?

answer

False

question

Integrative negotiation calls for a progressive win-win strategy. True or False?

answer

True

question

In added-value negotiation, building relationships for future negotiations usually occurs during the "perfect the deal" step. True or False?

answer

True

question

Which of the following statements about organizational conflict is true? A. It can escalate or de-escalate. B. Sources of conflict involve real issues and are hardly ever imaginary in nature. C. Human relationists recognize the inevitability of conflict and advise managers to avoid it. D. It can have only negative outcomes. E. It can erode organizational performance when not present.

answer

A. It can escalate or de-escalate.

question

_____ is a process in which one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party. A. Groupthink B. Conflict C. Ostracism D. Cross-functionalism E. Groupshift

answer

B. Conflict

question

Who amongst the following initially believed that all conflict ultimately threatens management's authority and thus had to be avoided or quickly resolved? A. Organizational behavior specialists B. Human relationists C. Scientific management experts D. TQM advocates E. Quantitative model theorists

answer

C. Scientific management experts

question

Who recognized the inevitability of conflict and advised managers to learn to live with it? A. Organizational behavior specialists B. Human relationists C. Scientific management experts D. TQM advocates E. Quantitative model theorists

answer

B. Human relationists

question

Work groups, departments, or organizations experiencing too little conflict tend to be plagued by: A. lack of creativity. B. lack of teamwork. C. political infighting. D. dissatisfaction. E. turnover.

answer

A. lack of creativity.

question

Apathy, lack of creativity, indecision, and missed deadlines are signs of: A. company growth. B. productivity. C. zero conflict. D. too little conflict. E. too much conflict.

answer

D. too little conflict.

question

Excessive conflict can erode organizational performance because of: A. missed deadlines. B. indecision. C. lack of creativity. D. apathy. E. lack of teamwork.

answer

E. lack of teamwork.

question

Workplace aggression and violence can be manifestations of: A. zero conflict. B. too little conflict. C. too much conflict. D. lack of direction. E. lack of productivity.

answer

C. too much conflict.

question

_____ conflict serves organizational interests and is characterized by consultative interactions, a focus on the issues, mutual respect, and useful give and take. A. Dysfunctional B. Negative C. Personality D. Functional E. Intergroup

answer

D. Functional

question

When a conflict threatens an organization's interests, it is referred to as a(n) _____ conflict. A. dysfunctional B. positive C. personality D. functional E. value systems

answer

A. dysfunctional

question

As a manager of a 50-person department, Rhea has always heard that there are certain situations that produce more conflict than others. She is interested in learning about these situations so she can carefully read early warnings and take appropriate actions. Which of the following is NOT an antecedent of conflict? A. Inadequate communication B. Organizational simplicity C. Decision making by consensus D. Unmet expectations E. Overlapping job boundaries

answer

B. Organizational simplicity

question

Group conflict can often be reduced by making decisions on the basis of _____ rather than: A. a consensus; authoritative approval. B. authoritative approval; striving for a consensus. C. majority approval; striving for a consensus. D. randomness; authoritative approval. E. authoritative approval; majority approval.

answer

C. majority approval; striving for a consensus.

question

Dean Tjosvold's _____ model includes the three desired outcomes of agreement, stronger relationships, and learning. A. cooperative conflict B. dialectic C. contact D. negotiation E. cross-cultural

answer

A. cooperative conflict

question

Which of the following is a desired outcome for success in terms of conflict management? A. Power B. Learning C. Diluted relationships D. Self-sufficiency E. Dependence

answer

B. Learning

question

Tjosvold's cooperative conflict model calls for which of the following desired outcomes? A. Simplicity B. Efficiency C. Agreement D. Effectiveness E. Self-efficacy

answer

C. Agreement

question

Interpersonal opposition driven by personal dislike or disagreement is called _____ conflict. A. Intergroup B. Cross-cultural C. Organizational D. Functional E. Personality

answer

E. Personality

question

Which of the following is considered to be the seeds of personality conflict? A. Workplace incivility B. Competition for limited resources C. Collective decision making D. In-group thinking E. Ethnocentrism

answer

A. Workplace incivility

question

Which of the following does NOT break the vicious cycle of incivility? A. Ignoring cycles of incivility B. Penalties for misconduct C. Diversity training D. Constructive feedback E. Positive reinforcement

answer

A. Ignoring cycles of incivility

question

Which of the following is described as the seeds of intergroup conflict? A. Collective decision making B. Workplace incivility C. Organizational simplicity D. In-group thinking E. Low-intensity deviant behavior

answer

D. In-group thinking

question

Too much _____ can breed groupthink because a desire to get along pushes aside critical thinking. A. ostracism B. critical thinking C. cross-functionalism D. personality conflict E. cohesiveness

answer

E. cohesiveness

question

All of the following are true of in-groups EXCEPT: A. in-group members see themselves as a collection of unique individuals. B. in-groups see themselves as morally correct and others as immoral. C. in-groups see themselves positively and others negatively. D. in-groups view outsiders as a threat. E. in-group members downplay the differences between their group and other groups.

answer

E. in-group members downplay the differences between their group and other groups.

question

Which of the following have sociologists long recommended for reducing intergroup conflict? A. Contact hypothesis B. Intergroup competition for limited resources C. Enhancing personality conflicts D. Identify and encourage specific linkages among groups E. Ignore in-group thinking

answer

A. Contact hypothesis

question

According to ____, the more the members of different groups interact, the less intergroup conflict they will experience. A. groupthink advocates B. contact hypothesis C. cohesiveness critics D. scientific management E. devil's advocacy theory

answer

B. contact hypothesis

question

Having taken this OB class and learned about how to deal with personality conflict, what tip would you offer an employee having a personality conflict? A. In resolving conflict, focus on personalities. B. Bring co-workers into the conflict so you have witnesses. C. Communicate directly with the other person to resolve the perceived conflict. D. Keep the direct supervisor out of the conflict loop, especially if the dysfunctional conflict persists. E. Deal with personality conflicts by ignoring them.

answer

C. Communicate directly with the other person to resolve the perceived conflict.

question

As operations head whose employees are having a personality conflict, which of the following tips would you offer them? A. Involve co-workers in the conflict. B. If appropriate, take corrective action. C. Refrain from using penalties for misconduct in order to avoid legal action. D. Refer difficult conflicts to the parties' direct supervisors. E. Even if necessary, do not attempt informal dispute resolution.

answer

B. If appropriate, take corrective action.

question

The top priority for managers faced with intergroup conflict is to: A. encourage friendships. B. build more teams and prepare employees for cross-functional work. C. identify and root out specific negative linkages among groups. D. foster positive attitudes. E. reward consensus decision making.

answer

C. identify and root out specific negative linkages among groups.

question

Which of the following actions is recommended for managers to minimize intergroup conflict? A. Formal resolution of difficult conflicts with the help of hired counselors. B. Passive withdrawal from the problem. C. Active suppression of the issue. D. Generation of ideas based on personal preference or political interests. E. Minimization of differences and emphasis on similarities to please the other party.

answer

A. Formal resolution of difficult conflicts with the help of hired counselors.

question

According to Rosalie L. Tung's research, which of the following was ranked most useful in building cross-cultural relationships? A. Advocate command-and-control leadership B. Build rapport through conversations C. Be sensitive to needs of others D. Avoid conflict by emphasizing harmony E. Be a good listener

answer

E. Be a good listener

question

U.S. managers often are culturally characterized as being: A. harmonizers. B. good listeners. C. sensitive to others needs. D. excessively competitive. E. compassionate.

answer

D. excessively competitive.

question

Which of the following was identified in Tung's research as a useful way to facilitate interaction with host-country nationals? A. Emphasize cooperation rather than competition. B. Advocate directive leadership. C. Influence rather than simply compromise. D. Emphasize similarities to please the host-country nationals. E. Have an unquestionable belief in the morality of the host-country nationals.

answer

A. Emphasize cooperation rather than competition.

question

Gary has been sent to China on an important assignment. According to Tung's research, which of the following is the most useful practice to be followed to facilitate interactions with host-country nationals? A. Be compassionate and understanding B. Advocate inclusive (participative) leadership. C. Be cooperative, rather than overly competitive. D. Be a good listener. E. Avoid conflict by emphasizing harmony.

answer

D. Be a good listener.

question

Which of the following is a drawback of organizational response to work-family issues? A. Organizations focus on the importance of work-family balance across generations rather than the employee and his/her spouse. B. Proactive discussions of potential work-family conflicts with colleagues and superiors prior to their occurrence. C. Organizations focus on beginning work-family balance at home. D. Organizational culture focuses on family-friendly programs rather than specific programs. E. Efforts by organizations focus on balancing work-family issues rather than on integrating them.

answer

E. Efforts by organizations focus on balancing work-family issues rather than on integrating them.

question

What is the main consideration when using devil's advocacy to prevent groupthink in an organization? A. It makes people overly analytical. B. It is too expensive a technique to employ. C. It makes people move away from reality testing. D. It leads to an individual developing a negative reputation. E. It leads to escalation of commitment across multiple decisions

answer

D. It leads to an individual developing a negative reputation.

question

_____ recommended the devil's advocate role for preventing groupthink. A. Rosalie Tung B. Frederick Taylor C. Janis Irving D. Afzalur Rahim E. Fred Krupp

answer

C. Janis Irving

question

Conflict that raises different opinions regardless of the personal feelings of the managers is called _____ conflict. A. personality B. dysfunctional C. contact D. cross-cultural E. programmed

answer

E. programmed

question

Which of the following calls for managers to foster a structured debate of opposing viewpoints prior to making a decision? A. Devil's advocacy B. Peer review C. Dialectic D. Smoothing E. Arbitration

answer

C. Dialectic

question

According to Rahim's model, the two dimensions affecting conflict-handling styles are: A. time and money. B. personality and situation. C. power and personal style. D. concern for self and concern for others. E. effectiveness and efficiency.

answer

D. concern for self and concern for others.

question

In handling conflict, Joey believes that the concerned parties must tackle the issue and cooperatively identify the problem, generate and weigh alternative solutions, and select a solution. Joey can be described as advocating which conflict-handling style? A. Obliging B. Integrating C. Dominating D. Avoiding E. Compromising

answer

B. Integrating

question

The integrating style of handling conflict is appropriate: A. for resolving conflicts rooted in opposing value systems. B. when an unpopular solution must be implemented. C. for complex issues plagued by misunderstandings. D. for trivial issues. E. when a temporary fix is required.

answer

C. for complex issues plagued by misunderstandings.

question

Which of the following conflict-handling styles is also known as problem solving? A. Obliging B. Integrating C. Dominating D. Avoiding E. Compromising

answer

B. Integrating

question

Janice, a team lead, always wants to use the integrating style of handling conflict. As a student of OB, you should caution Janice that this style does have a weakness, which is that it: A. often breeds resentment. B. is a temporary fix that fails to confront the problem. C. can stifle creative problem solving. D. is very time consuming. E. cannot be used for complex issues plagued by misunderstanding.

answer

D. is very time consuming.

question

Which conflict-handling style involves active suppression of the issue? A. Forcing B. Avoiding C. Obliging D. Integrating E. Compromising

answer

B. Avoiding

question

Which of the following is NOT a conflict-handling style identified by Rahim? A. Limiting B. Obliging C. Dominating D. Avoiding E. Integrating

answer

A. Limiting

question

Which of the following styles involves playing down differences while emphasizing commonality? A. Avoiding B. Integrating C. Compromising D. Dominating E. Obliging

answer

E. Obliging

question

Which of the following styles has a primary strength of encouraging cooperation, but fails to confront the underlying problem? A. Avoiding B. Integrating C. Compromising D. Dominating E. Obliging

answer

E. Obliging

question

If Miriam has high concern for self and low concern for others, she is likely to have which of the following conflict-handling styles? A. Forcing B. Avoiding C. Obliging D. Integrating E. Compromising

answer

A. Forcing

question

The _____ style of handling conflict is appropriate when parties have opposite goals or possess equal power. A. Forcing B. Avoiding C. Obliging D. Integrating E. Compromising

answer

E. Compromising

question

_____ refers to avoiding costly lawsuits by resolving conflicts informally or through mediation or arbitration. A. Smoothing B. Alternative dispute resolution C. Value-added negotiation D. Dissention E. Preferential conflict settlement

answer

B. Alternative dispute resolution

question

Which of the following is an alternative dispute resolution tactic? A. Devil's advocacy B. Smoothing C. Forcing D. Ombudsman E. Integrating

answer

A. Devil's advocacy

question

Unlike a(n) ____, a mediator does not render a decision. A. peer reviewer B. arbitrator C. ombudsman D. negotiator E. devil's advocate

answer

B. arbitrator

question

In ____, disputing parties agree ahead of time to accept the decision of a neutral arbitrator in a formal court-like setting, often complete with evidence and witnesses. A. Arbitration B. Mediation C. Peer review D. Facilitation E. Conciliation

answer

A. Arbitration

question

The two basic types of negotiation are _____ and: A. peer review; ombudsman. B. arbitration; mediation. C. distributive; integrative. D. facilitation; ostracism. E. voluntary; mandatory.

answer

C. distributive; integrative.

question

An integrative negotiation involves a _____ strategy. A. win-lose B. zero-sum C. win-win D. fixed-pie E. regressive

answer

C. win-win

question

A give-and-take process between interdependent parties with different preferences is called: A. peer review. B. negotiation. C. arbitration. D. mediation. E. ombudsman.

answer

B. negotiation.

question

_____ value captures the social and psychological consequences of negotiations, such as the emotions and perceptions of the process, people, and outcomes. A. Economic B. Conflict C. Extrinsic D. Subjective E. Perceptual

answer

D. Subjective

question

Division of labor occurs when a common goal is pursued by individuals performing separate but related tasks. True or False?

answer

True

question

According to organizational theorists, the ideal span of control is 12 years. True or False?

answer

False

question

Generally, wider the span of control, closer the supervision and higher the administrative costs. True or False?

answer

False

question

The distinction between closed and open systems is a matter of degree True or False?

answer

True

question

Open-systems are capable of self-correction, adaptation, and growth. True or False?

answer

True

question

According to the general systems theory, the outer boundary of an open-system organization is not permeable. True or False?

answer

False

question

Organizations defined by the traditional approach may have modular, virtual, or hollow structures. True or False?

answer

False

question

In a functional structure, organizations group together activities related to outputs. True or False?

answer

False

question

A matrix structure has three or more command structures. True or False?

answer

False

question

The horizontal approach to organizational design focuses on functions, products, and customers. True or False?

answer

False

question

A modular organization is based on the idea that not even barriers between organizations are always ideal. True or False?

answer

True

question

A hollow organization results from outsourcing. True or False?

answer

True

question

A divisional organization is similar to a hollow organization. True or False?

answer

False

question

A virtual organization demands flexibility, and managers must be able to lead and motivate people in separate locations. True or False?

answer

True

question

Organic organizations are rigid bureaucracies with strict rules, narrowly defined tasks, and top-down communications. True or False?

answer

False

question

Organizations tend to be relatively mechanistic or relatively organic. True or False?

answer

True

question

In centralized decision making, top management makes all key decisions True or False?

answer

True

question

Centralized organizations are more adaptive to changing situations. True or False?

answer

False

question

According to Burns and Stalker, mechanistic organizations are far superior to organic organizations in performance. True or False?

answer

False

question

In organizations, centralization and decentralization are an either-or proposition. True or False?

answer

True

question

According to research, command-and-control communication characterizes organic organizations, whereas consultative communication prevails in mechanistic organizations. True or False?

answer

False

question

In organizations with a functional structure, quality standards can be maintained because supervisors understand what department members do and because people in the same function develop pride in their specialty. True or False?

answer

True

question

In virtual organizations, duplicating functions in each division can add to costs, so this structure may be too expensive for some organizations. True or False?

answer

False

question

A matrix structure tries to combine the advantages of functional and divisional structures. True or False?

answer

True

question

A functional structure violates the unity of command principle. True or False?

answer

False

question

Horizontal designs generally improve coordination and communication in organizations. True or False?

answer

True

question

The downside of horizontal structures is that organizations give up expertise and control in functions or operations that are outsourced. True or False?

answer

False

question

Strategic constituencies' satisfaction is the most widely used effectiveness criterion for organizations. True or False?

answer

False

question

The resource acquisition dimension of organizational effectiveness focuses on "what the organization must excel at." True or False?

answer

False

question

Strategic constituencies generally have competing or conflicting interests. True or False?

answer

True

question

According to Chester Barnard, a(n) _____ is "a system of consciously coordinated activities of two or more people". A. matrix B. strategic constituency C. open system D. organization E. closed system

answer

D. organization

question

Which of the following is NOT a common denominator of all organizations? A. Division of labor B. Decentralized decision making C. A common goal D. A hierarchy of authority E. Coordination of effort

answer

B. Decentralized decision making

question

According to organization theorists, coordination of effort, a common goal, division of labor, and a hierarchy of authority are factors that constitute a(n): A. scalar chain of command. B. organization's denominator. C. organization's structure. D. organization's span of control. E. organization's design.

answer

C. organization's structure.

question

_____ is achieved through formulation and enforcement of policies, rules, and regulations. A. Hierarchy of authority B. Division of labor C. Unity of command D. Coordination of effort E. Span of control

answer

D. Coordination of effort

question

Julie works for an advertising firm, Le Monde, as a creative graphics designer. She reports to the manager of the client relations team and also the manager of the design team. This often leads to conflicting orders. The organization is lacking in: A. division of labor. B. span of control. C. organizational design. D. unity of command. E. centralized control.

answer

D. unity of command.

question

Historically, managers have maintained the integrity of the hierarchy of authority by adhering to: A. a wide span of control. B. matrix structures. C. the division of labor principle. D. a narrow span of control. E. the unity of command principle.

answer

E. the unity of command principle.

question

In an organization, each employee reports to one manager. This reflects: A. a mechanistic organization. B. unity of command. C. centralized decision making. D. a wide span of control. E. an organic organization.

answer

B. unity of command.

question

_____ refers to the number of people reporting directly to a given manager. A. Division of labor B. Hierarchy of authority C. Span of control D. Unity of command E. Line positions

answer

C. Span of control

question

An organization chart reflects all of the following EXCEPT: A. division of labor. B. line and staff positions. C. spans of control. D. corporate strategies. E. hierarchy of authority.

answer

D. corporate strategies.

question

Historically, spans of control of _____ were considered best. A. one to two B. five to six C. eight to nine D. twelve to fourteen E. sixteen to seventeen

answer

B. five to six

question

All of the following statements are true of line managers EXCEPT: A. they are generally presidents or directors of a firm. B. they provide technical advice regarding decisions. C. they have the authority to make critical decisions. D. they have no authority over other organizational members. E. they occupy formal decision-making positions.

answer

B. they provide technical advice regarding decisions.

question

A relatively self-sufficient entity is called a(n): A. cross-functional team. B. open system. C. unity of command system. D. closed system. E. command-and-control system.

answer

D. closed system.

question

A(n) _____ system depends on constant interaction with the environment for survival. A. centralized B. open C. mechanistic D. decentralized E. closed

answer

B. open

question

_____ subsystem is NOT an organizational subsystem in the open-system model. A. Functional B. Structural C. Psychosocial D. Managerial E. Technical

answer

A. Functional

question

Which of the following statements is true of open systems? A. Rigorous planning and control would eliminate environmental uncertainty. B. The outer boundary of the organization is impermeable. C. Organizations in these systems cannot self-adjust. D. Homeostasis and feedback control are important mechanisms for growth. E. It is a static model of organization.

answer

D. Homeostasis and feedback control are important mechanisms for growth.

question

_____ is defined as "the structures of accountability and responsibility used to develop and implement strategies, and the human resource practices and information and business processes that activate those structures." A. Organizational design B. Organizational chart C. Organizational structure D. Organizational decision E. Organizational command

answer

A. Organizational design

question

Culture is a component of the _____ subsystem in the open-system model. A. goals and values B. technical C. structural D. managerial E. psychosocial

answer

A. goals and values

question

Which of the following components will be categorized as a psychosocial subsystem as per the open-system model? A. Techniques B. Human resources C. Knowledge D. Procedures E. Philosophy

answer

B. Human resources

question

In the open-system model, elements such as goal setting, planning, and assembling resources are part of the _____ subsystem. A. input B. goals and values C. psychosocial D. managerial E. structural

answer

D. managerial

question

Knowledge, techniques, facilities, and equipment are elements of the _____ subsystem in the open-system model. A. input B. goals and values C. psychosocial D. technical E. structural

answer

D. technical

question

In the open system of organizational design, to which subsystem does authority belong? A. Managerial B. Technical C. Structural D. Inputs E. Psychosocial

answer

C. Structural

question

Products and social benefits comprise the _____ subsystem in the open-system organization. A. managerial B. technical C. structural D. output E. psychosocial

answer

D. output

question

A _____ structure is defined by a traditional approach. A. hollow B. modular C. virtual D. network E. matrix

answer

E. matrix

question

Sigma Corporation has different departments like manufacturing, sales, accounting, and advertising. It has a _____ structure A. matrix B. functional C. modular D. virtual E. divisional

answer

B. functional

question

Nexus Finance has three major businesses: Nexus Banks, Nexus Insurance, and Nexus Investments. What is the organizational structure used by Nexus Finance? A. Virtual structure B. Divisional structure C. Hollow structure D. Functional structure E. Matrix structure

answer

B. Divisional structure

question

Wendell Computers has vice presidents in charge of each functional group and project managers for each make of computer they manufacture. An employee may report to two managers: one in charge of the function they perform and the other in charge of the project they are working on. This illustrates a(n) _____ structure. A. matrix B. mechanistic C. modular D. virtual E. organic

answer

A. matrix

question

Employees at Sol Corporation report to two managers: one in charge of the function they perform and the other in charge of the project they are working on. Which structure is Delta adopting? A. Modular structure B. Matrix structure C. Divisional structure D. Virtual structure E. Functional structure

answer

B. Matrix structure

question

Which of the following constitute the five principles that are important for designing a horizontal organization? A. Organize around tasks B. Have clear-cut hierarchy C. Divide work according to functions D. One manager for each function E. Use teams to manage everything

answer

E. Use teams to manage everything

question

Which of the following is NOT a principle in the design of a horizontal organization? A. Flatten hierarchy and use teams to manage everything. B. Organize around tasks rather than workflow processes. C. Let supplier and customer contact drive performance. D. Provide required expertise from outside the team as required. E. Appoint process team leaders to manage internal team processes.

answer

B. Organize around tasks rather than workflow processes.

question

Which of the following organizational structures is based on the idea that barriers between organizations are not always ideal? A. Mechanistic B. Functional C. Divisional D. Pyramid E. Modular

answer

E. Modular

question

A _____ organization results from strategic application of the trend toward outsourcing. A. matrix B. hollow C. pyramid D. horizontal E. functional

answer

B. hollow

question

A pharmaceutical company, Medico, Inc., decides that it can excel at developing new patents, owing to its design talent and knowledge of the market. It then outsources all noncore processes like logistics and accounting to other companies. What is the resulting organizational structure? A. Matrix B. Divisional C. Hollow D. Functional E. Virtual

answer

C. Hollow

question

A _____ organization, like a hollow organization, uses outsourcing. A. modular B. virtual C. functional D. divisional E. matrix

answer

A. modular

question

A company that outsources parts of the actual product it manufactures has a _____ organizational structure. A. hollow B. functional C. pyramid D. modular E. matrix

answer

D. modular

question

Torque, Inc., is unable to meet quality requirements for a particular component it uses in the manufacture of cars. It approaches another firm to develop the component to ensure that the quality is not affected for efficient integration into the car. What organization structure does Torque, Inc., follow? A. Divisional structure B. Modular structure C. Virtual structure D. Hollow structure E. Mechanistic structure

answer

B. Modular structure

question

A _____ organization identifies partners with the needed talents and negotiates an agreement in which the participants typically work in separate facilities. A. modular B. virtual C. centralized D. functional E. divisional

answer

B. virtual

question

In order to respond to a temporary but exceptional market opportunity, a company creates an entity along with two other companies. The facilities are separate, but employees in these offices remotely connect and collaborate to tap the potential opportunity. Which organizational structure does this new entity have? A. Hollow structure B. Virtual structure C. Divisional structure D. Modular structure E. Matrix structure

answer

B. Virtual structure

question

Nous Corp. has been trying to infiltrate the market in China. It sets up its operations in China in partnership with a local firm, Xei-Ling LLC. Which structure is Nous Corp. most likely to have? A. Matrix B. Divisional C. Mechanistic D. Virtual E. Functional

answer

D. Virtual

question

According to the _____ approach to organization design, companies tend to be more effective when they are structured to fit the demands of the situation. A. hollow B. divisional C. functional D. contingency E. mechanistic

answer

D. contingency

question

A Peruvian retail company has a rigid bureaucracy, with narrowly defined tasks, strict rules, and top-down communication processes. It is said to be a(n) _____ organization. A. organic B. mechanistic C. virtual D. hollow E. modular

answer

B. mechanistic

question

Which type of organizational structure is extremely valuable in industries where even small errors can have catastrophic consequences? A. Hollow B. Organic C. Virtual D. Decentralized E. Mechanistic

answer

E. Mechanistic

question

An organization with flexible networks of multitalented individuals who perform a variety of tasks is a(n): A. centralized organization. B. organic organization. C. closed system. D. functional organization. E. mechanistic organization.

answer

B. organic organization.

question

A Mexican food packaging company, Jalapenos, Inc., has suffered some heavy losses recently. It has decided to eliminate senior management roles and is having self-managed teams handle the decision making. It is using a(n) _____ decision making process. A. centralized B. directive C. analytical D. specialized E. decentralized

answer

B. directive

question

An organization wherein all major decisions are made by its middle- and lower-level managers is said to be a: A. divisional structure. B. strategic constituency. C. decentralized organization. D. mechanistic structure. E. functional structure.

answer

C. decentralized organization.

question

Generally, _____ are more adaptive to changing situations. A. decentralized organizations B. strategic constituencies C. mechanistic structures D. centralized organizations E. closed systems

answer

A. decentralized organizations

question

As organizations turn ____, the intrinsic motivation of their members decreased. A. organic B. modular C. virtual D. mechanistic E. functional

answer

D. mechanistic

question

In _____ organizations, the communication pattern was seen to be command-and-control. A. modular B. mechanistic C. virtual D. functional E. organic

answer

B. mechanistic

question

An organic organization is expected to have _____ communication. A. lateral B. directive C. horizontal D. downward E. participative

answer

E. participative

question

What disadvantage will a divisionally structured organization have? A. Increased costs due to function duplication. B. Lack of decision-making flexibility. C. Violation of the unity of command principle. D. Increased difficulty in coordinating employee efforts. E. Ill-suited for a stable environment.

answer

A. Increased costs due to function duplication.

question

Drone Systems is a company that makes concept cars which are of three main types: fuel efficient, SUVs, and wind-powered. It is divided on the basis of this criterion. What is its advantage? A. It helps the company to save money. B. Workers have more time to do what they can do best. C. Employees do not have to solve varied problems. D. The company can move faster in case of competition. E. There are high quality standards maintained by supervisors.

answer

D. The company can move faster in case of competition.

question

The main disadvantage of the matrix structure is that it: A. focuses on customers. B. increases costs by sharing materials. C. discourages flexibility. D. does not coordinate employee efforts. E. violates the unity of command principle.

answer

E. violates the unity of command principle.

question

A horizontal organization design is appropriate when: A. the focus is on mass production. B. quality is the most important factor. C. downward communication is most suitable. D. varied customer needs call for quick responses. E. work processes require greater specialization.

answer

D. varied customer needs call for quick responses.

question

What disadvantage does a virtual structure organization have? A. It requires increased expenditure on infrastructure. B. It does not fit in a stable environment. C. It discourages flexibility in decision making. D. It requires increased cost due to work duplication. E. It requires organizations to give up their expertise.

answer

E. It requires organizations to give up their expertise.

question

The most widely used effectiveness criterion for organizations is: A. strategic constituencies satisfaction. B. resource acquisition. C. internal processes. D. goal accomplishment. E. external influences.

answer

D. goal accomplishment.

question

CRY (Child Rights and You) is an organization that runs on the funds it can collect from its private and public donors. Organizational effectiveness here is measured in terms of: A. goal accomplishment. B. resource acquisition. C. internal processes. D. strategic constituencies satisfaction. E. external influences.

answer

B. resource acquisition.

question

Customer satisfaction is a critical part of the _____ dimension of organizational effectiveness. A. goal accomplishment B. resource acquisition C. internal processes D. strategic constituencies satisfaction E. external influence

answer

C. internal processes

question

Ken Systems is a transcription company that has opened in New York. The aim of the company is to meet customer expectations and financial objectives through a focus on "what the organization must excel at." Which criterion of organizational effectiveness is being focused on? A. Goal accomplishment B. Resource acquisition C. Internal processes D. Strategic constituencies satisfaction E. External influence

answer

C. Internal processes

question

Quick-fix solutions do not really solve underlying causes of organizational problems and they have little staying power. True or False?

answer

True

question

Social psychologist Kurt Lewin developed an eight-step process for leading change. True or False?

answer

False

question

Managers can begin the changing process of the three-stage model by disconfirming the usefulness or appropriateness of employees' present behaviors or attitudes. True or False?

answer

False

question

Change is stabilized during refreezing by helping employees integrate the changed behavior into their normal way of doing things. True or False?

answer

True

question

The four main components of a systems model of change are diagnosis, intervention, evaluation, and feedback. True or False?

answer

False

question

A mission statement represents a long-term goal that describes "what" an organization wants to become. True or False?

answer

False

question

An organization's vision represents the "reason" for its existence. True or False?

answer

False

question

Among other things, strategic plans are based on results from a SWOT analysis. True or False?

answer

True

question

Strategic plans are the components of an organization that may be changed. True or False?

answer

False

question

Organizational change is more likely to succeed when managers proactively consider the impact of change on its employees. True or False?

answer

True

question

Change efforts are less complicated and relatively easier to manage when they are targeted at the organizational level. True or False?

answer

False

question

Kotter's eight-step process for leading organizational change helps managers to diagnose what needs to be changed. True or False?

answer

False

question

Kotter's research reveals that it is ineffective to skip steps in the model proposed by him. True or False?

answer

True

question

Organization development entails a process of structured change. True or False?

answer

False

question

Organization development techniques do not apply to the change models formulated in the past. True or False?

answer

False

question

Organization development is put into practice by change agents. True or False?

answer

True

question

Inputs, strategic plans, target elements of change, and outputs are the four components of the organization development process of change. True or False?

answer

False

question

The intervention stage in the organization development process represents the changes being made to solve the problem. True or False?

answer

True

question

The feedback process in the organization development model requires the development of measures of effectiveness. True or False?

answer

False

question

Varying one target element of change creates changes in other target elements. True or False?

answer

True

question

It is advisable that managers and organization development consultants apply an organization development intervention that works in one country to a similar situation in another country. True or False?

answer

False

question

Resistance to change reflects an internal locus of control. True or False?

answer

False

question

Resilience to change is a characteristic that is positively associated with recipients' willingness to accommodate or accept a specific organizational change. True or False?

answer

True

question

People are less likely to resist change when the change agent uses transformational leadership. True or False?

answer

True

question

Change must be internalized by recipients before it will be truly accepted. True or False?

answer

True

question

Employees are more likely to resist when they perceive that the benefits of change overshadow the personal costs. True or False?

answer

False

question

Change agents should not be afraid to modify the targeted elements of change based on employee resistance. True or False?

answer

True

question

Organizational change experts criticize the tendency to treat participation as a cure-all for resistance to change. True or False?

answer

True

question

Overconfidence reflects the tendency to take more personal responsibility for success than failure and can lead managers to assume that success was due to their insights and talents. True or False?

answer

False

question

Leadership is the key to fostering an environment that creates a learning organization. True or False?

answer

True

question

Which of the following is an external force for change? A. Organizational culture B. Managerial decisions C. Job satisfaction D. Political pressure E. Employee morale

answer

D. Political pressure

question

L&M Corporation changes the way it markets its products. It also makes changes in the designs of its store layouts citing generational differences as the reason. L&M Corporation is responding to: A. technological advancements. B. demographic characteristics. C. high labor costs. D. employee morale. E. organizational culture.

answer

B. demographic characteristics.

question

Samson, Inc., encourages employee collaboration by using an advanced form of videoconferencing that merges robotic technology. This gives cross-border employees a sense of being together through virtual conversations while also helping save the company substantial travel expenditure. The technology that the company uses is known as: A. video relay service. B. virtual reality. C. multiple points of presence. D. artificial reality. E. telepresence.

answer

E. telepresence.

question

Layken, Inc., provides cotton to various garment industries. There is an increasing pressure on the company to change its traditional method of production owing to increased use of pesticides. Hence, Layken adopts organic ways for its production of cotton. What factor of change is being discussed here? A. Customer and market change B. Technological advancement C. Social and political pressure D. Organizational change E. Demographic characteristics

answer

C. Social and political pressure

question

Which of the following is an internal force for change? A. Market changes B. Turnover and conflict C. Technological advancements D. Social and political pressures E. Demographic characteristics

answer

B. Turnover and conflict

question

Primus Technologies conducts an analysis of employee job satisfaction and finds that the incompetent employee remuneration packages majorly contributes to increased attrition rates. This indicates the influence of changes due to _____ in organizations. A. external forces B. social and political pressure C. technological advancements D. internal forces E. demographic characteristics

answer

D. internal forces

question

_____ is (are) an example of an organization's internal force of change. A. Market change B. Social and political pressure C. Strikes D. Technological advancement E. Demographic characteristics

answer

C. Strikes

question

Most theories of organizational change originated from the landmark work of social psychologist: A. John Kotter. B. Chester Barnard. C. Tom Burns. D. Kurt Lewin. E. Robert Cialdini.

answer

D. Kurt Lewin.

question

The three stages in Lewin's change model are: A. benchmarking, diagnosing, and evaluating. B. unfreezing, changing, and refreezing. C. planning, intervening, and changing. D. inputs, benchmarking, and feedback. E. inputs, unfreezing, and evaluating.

answer

B. unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.

question

According to Lewin's model, the _____ stage focuses on creating the motivation to change. A. change B. unfreezing C. evaluation D. refreezing E. feedback

answer

B. unfreezing

question

The employees of Juniper Industries are presented with information and facts about the workforce's reduced efficiency that is supposedly the cause of dipping sales and customer dissatisfaction. This encourages them to work harder and improve their levels of effectiveness. What stage of Lewin's change model is being discussed here? A. Inputs B. Change C. Strategic planning D. Feedback E. Unfreezing

answer

E. Unfreezing

question

How do managers begin the unfreezing process? A. By developing measures for organizational effectiveness B. By encouraging the current state of organizational affairs C. By establishing long-term goals of the organization D. By being unsupportive of employees' current behavior E. By reducing the levels of hierarchy in the organization

answer

D. By being unsupportive of employees' current behavior

question

On comparing its performance with that of other companies with superior track records, the managers at Vega Incorporated learn that bad after-sales services have caused them to lose their competitive edge. This information is ultimately relayed to the sales department. Going by Lewin's change model, Vega Incorporated is using the _____ technique of unfreezing. A. evaluating B. intervening C. strategic planning D. benchmarking E. changing

answer

D. benchmarking

question

A securities trading company regularly compares its performance with that of high-performing organizations in the industry. This process is described as: A. changing. B. refreezing. C. benchmarking. D. strategic planning. E. imitating.

answer

C. benchmarking.

question

The _____ stage in Lewin's change model entails providing employees with new types of information, processes, behavioral models, and new ways of getting the job done. A. feedback B. unfreeze C. evaluation D. refreeze E. change

answer

E. change

question

Change is stabilized during _____ by helping employees integrate the changed attitude into their normal way of doing things. A. unfreezing B. refreezing C. benchmarking D. processing E. intervention

answer

B. refreezing

question

The employees of CeMetals, Inc., adhere to the modified behaviors that management expects them to inculcate into their routine professional interactions. To frequently reinforce the desired changes, monetary benefits are awarded to those displaying exemplary behavior and negative reinforcement to those failing to abide by the changes. What stage of Lewin's change model does this indicate? A. Change B. Strategic plans C. Target elements of change D. Refreezing E. Diagnosis

answer

D. Refreezing

question

Which of the following models of change is based on the notion that any change, no matter how large or small, produces a cascading effect throughout an organization? A. Kotter's eight-step change model B. The Six Boxes Model C. Organizational development D. Lewin's model of change E. A systems model of change

answer

E. A systems model of change

question

The four main components of a systems model are: A. target elements of change, unfreezing, refreezing, and evaluating. B. planning, initiating, controlling, and evaluating. C. strategic plans, organizing, intervening, and controlling. D. planning, intervening, outputs, and feedback. E. inputs, strategic plans, target elements of change, and outputs.

answer

E. inputs, strategic plans, target elements of change, and outputs.

question

What does a mission statement represent? A. The reason an organization exists B. The profitability target of the organization C. The history of the organization D. What an organization wants to become E. The ownership of the organization

answer

A. The reason an organization exists

question

An organization's vision describes: A. the means to realize its mission. B. the reason why it exists. C. what it wants to become. D. how the organization was formed. E. who the competitors are.

answer

C. what it wants to become.

question

As a newly joined divisional head in the organization, Dan is interested in analyzing his company's long-term direction and actions necessary to achieve planned results. What specific document must he look for? A. Operational plan B. Deed of trust C. Strategic plan D. Vision statement E. Mission statement

answer

C. Strategic plan

question

A _____ plan outlines an organization's long-term direction and the actions necessary to achieve planned results. A. tactical B. strategic C. programmed D. operational E. departmental

answer

B. strategic

question

The management of Delta Technologies has a meeting with its board of directors wherein it is decided that the company will expand its customer service to China in conformity with its determined plans and actions. This is an example of a(n): A. strategic plan. B. operational plan. C. programmed plan. D. departmental plan. E. tactical plan.

answer

A. strategic plan.

question

_____ essentially represent change levers that managers can push and pull to influence various aspects of an organization. A. Strategic plans B. Refreezing activities C. Target elements of change D. Inputs E. Unfreezing activities

answer

C. Target elements of change

question

In a systems model of change, mission, vision, internal strengths and weaknesses are classified as: A. evaluation. B. inputs. C. refreezing. D. target elements of change. E. strategic plans.

answer

B. inputs.

question

Which of the following is an example of a target element of change? A. Feedback B. Inputs C. Social factors D. Strategic plans E. Evaluation

answer

C. Social factors

question

According to the systems model of change, target elements of change include all of the following EXCEPT: A. methods. B. organizational arrangements. C. people. D. outputs. E. social factors.

answer

D. outputs.

question

Change efforts are very complicated and difficult to manage when they are targeted at the _____ level. A. organizational B. group C. individual D. departmental E. functional

answer

A. organizational

question

John Kotter, an expert in leadership and change management, believes that organizational changes typically fail because: A. not all departments undergo coordinated changes at once. B. management fails to properly identify the required changes to be made. C. they take long periods of time to show the intended results. D. senior management makes a host of implementation errors. E. employees are resistant to any type of environmental change.

answer

D. senior management makes a host of implementation errors.

question

Which of the following is true of Kotter's eight-step organizational change model? A. The process emphasizes internal factors of motivation for better results. B. The organizational change model proposed is diagnostic in orientation. C. The process emphasizes external factors of motivation for better results. D. The change model subsumes the steps in the organizational development process. E. The model prescribes how managers should sequence or lead the change process.

answer

E. The model prescribes how managers should sequence or lead the change process.

question

Which of the following is true of the organization development (OD) method of change? A. The OD techniques are very similar to those used in previous models of change. B. It is used during the "unfreezing" stage in Lewin's model of change. C. It is used during the eighth step in Kotter's model of change. D. It possesses diagnostic focus associated with the systems model of change. E. It entails a structured sequence in the implementation of change.

answer

D. It possesses diagnostic focus associated with the systems model of change.

question

Establishing a sense of urgency, creating the guiding coalition, developing a vision and strategy, and communicating the change vision are Kotter's steps for leading organizational change that represent Lewin's _____ stage. A. unfreezing B. evaluation C. change D. diagnosing E. refreezing

answer

A. unfreezing

question

Empowering broad-based action, generating short-term wins, and consolidating gains and producing more change are Kotter's steps for leading organizational change that represent Lewin's _____ stage. A. unfreezing B. evaluation C. changing D. diagnosing E. refreezing

answer

C. changing

question

In Kotter's eight steps for leading organizational change, which step corresponds most to the "refreezing" stage in Lewin's change model? A. Consolidating gains and producing more change B. Creating the guiding coalition C. Empowering broad-based action D. Anchoring new approaches in the culture E. Communicating the change vision

answer

D. Anchoring new approaches in the culture

question

Which of the following represents the first step in Kotter's model of change? A. Generate short-term wins B. Create the guiding coalition C. Establish a sense of urgency D. Anchor new approaches in the culture E. Develop a vision and strategy

answer

C. Establish a sense of urgency

question

_____ is the final step in Kotter's eight steps for leading organizational change A. Generating short-term wins B. Creating the guiding coalition C. Developing a vision and strategy D. Anchoring new approaches in the culture E. Establishing a sense of urgency

answer

D. Anchoring new approaches in the culture

question

A set of techniques or interventions that are used to implement planned organizational change is referred to as: A. traditional management. B. strategic planning. C. management development. D. organization development. E. a systems model of change.

answer

D. organization development.

question

Which of the following is NOT an element of change through the organization development process? A. Feedback B. Strategic plan C. Evaluation D. Intervention E. Diagnosis

answer

B. Strategic plan

question

An external consultant conducts hosts of written interviews and surveys in an organization to know why the production quality has deteriorated in the recent years. This is the _____ step in the organization development process of change. A. unfreezing B. diagnosis C. strategic plans D. benchmarking E. evaluation

answer

B. diagnosis

question

The _____ stage in the organization development process represents the changes being made to solve the problem. A. unfreezing B. diagnosis C. input D. refreezing E. intervention

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E. intervention

question

The _____ step in the organization development change process requires the organization to develop measures of effectiveness. A. strategic plan B. evaluation C. feedback D. output E. diagnosis

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B. evaluation

question

In the past, resistance to organizational change was viewed as a negative outcome that was chiefly caused by: A. managerial incompetence. B. improper implementation. C. irrational recipients. D. decentralized organizational structure. E. the change agents' attitudes.

answer

C. irrational recipients.

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All of the following are reasons why employees resist change EXCEPT: A. fear of failure. B. peer pressure. C. fear of the unknown. D. past success. E. tactfulness.

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E. tactfulness.

question

Jessy is not directly affected by the changes introduced in her company, but she is actively resisting it to protect the interests of her friends. What reason for change does this suggest? A. Fear of the unknown B. Personality conflicts C. Peer pressure D. Lack of tact E. Climate of mistrust

answer

C. Peer pressure

question

Which of the following reduces a recipient's willingness to accommodate or accept a specific organizational change? A. Commitment to change B. Internal locus of control C. Fear of failure D. Resilience to change E. Optimism

answer

C. Fear of failure

question

Which of the following is a recipient characteristic that causes employees' resistance to change? A. Lack of tact B. Personality conflicts C. Failing to legitimize change D. Leadership style E. Past success

answer

E. Past success

question

Which of the following is a change agent characteristic that causes employees to resist change? A. Loss of status B. Improper timing C. Peer pressure D. Fear of the unknown E. Fear of failure

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B. Improper timing

question

The notion that organizations learn is an outgrowth of the _____ organizational model. A. open-system B. centrally-structured C. closed-system D. mechanistic E. organic

answer

A. open-system

question

A(n) _____ organization is one that proactively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge and that changes its behavior on the basis of new knowledge and insights. A. organic B. decentralized C. mechanistic D. learning E. closed

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D. learning

question

A _____ model represents employees' shared, organized understanding and mental representation of knowledge about key elements of the relevant environment they share. A. structural B. cognitive map C. Six Sigma D. systems thinking E. team mental

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E. team mental

question

Naomi tends to attribute her success to her own talents while blaming her company's work culture for any failure. This is an example of: A. hindsight bias. B. self-serving bias. C. leniency error. D. fundamental attribution error. E. availability heuristic.

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B. self-serving bias.

question

Ergo Incorporated loses its competitive edge as the management deems it unnecessary to invest in technology and innovations. Instead, it focuses more on unreliable ventures and ends up taking some risky decisions. What bias does the example indicate? A. Hindsight bias B. Self-serving bias C. Availability heuristic D. Leniency error E. Overconfidence

answer

E. Overconfidence

question

Which of the following leadership styles do the most effective leaders use to facilitate organizational learning? A. Path-goal and task-oriented leadership B. Transactional and transformational leadership C. Laissez-faire and path-goal leadership D. Transformational and task-oriented leadership E. Path-goal and transactional leadership

answer

B. Transactional and transformational leadership

question

Which of the following is a key function leaders perform in building a learning organization? A. Focusing on people rather than processes or systems B. Focusing on noncontrollable causes of failure C. Discouraging risk taking D. Working to generalize ideas with impact E. Communicating the idea that failure is unacceptable

answer

D. Working to generalize ideas with impact

question

To facilitate organizational learning, a leader should: A. recognize that all failures are created equal. B. unlearn organizational practices that made them successful. C. foster internal competition. D. focus on people rather than processes. E. emphasize vertical communication over horizontal communication.

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B. unlearn organizational practices that made them successful.

question

A leader can create a learning infrastructure in his/her organization by: A. emphasizing vertical communication over horizontal communication. B. attributing blame to a person rather than internal processes or external events. C. fostering internal competition. D. reducing the fear of failure. E. focusing on noncontrollable causes of failure.

answer

D. reducing the fear of failure.

question

Investiture refers to the affi rmation c:i a newcomer's incoming global and specific role identities and attributes.

answer

Investiture

question

Geert Hofstede's! The GLOBE PRINCIPLE adds more for a total of 9.

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GLOBE Principle is built off of who's four dimensions?

question

I. Power distance- Haw much unequal distribution of power should there be in organizations and society? 2. Uncertainty avoidance - How much should people rely on social norms and rules to avoid uncertainty and limit unpredictability. 3. Institutional collectivism- How much should leaders encourage and reward loyalty to the social unit, as opposed to the pursuit of individual goals? 4. In-group collectivism- How much pride and loyalty should individuals have for their family or organization? 5. Gender egalitarianism- How much effort should be put into minimizing gender discrimination and role inequalities? 6. Assertiveness-How confrontational and dominant should individuals be in social relationships? 7. Future orientation- How much should people delay gratification by planning and saving for the future? 8. Performance orientation - How much should individuals be rewarded for improvement and excellence? 9. Humane orientation- How much should society encourage and reward people for being kind, fair, friendly, and generous?

answer

The nine cultural dimensions from the GLOBE project are the following:

question

four common cultural dimensions: (1) power distance- how much inequality does someone expect in social situations? (2) individualism-collectivism- how loosely or closely is the person socially bonded? (3) masculinity-femininity- does the person embrace stereo-typically competitive, performance-oriented masculine traits or nurturing, relationship-oriented feminine traits? (4) uncertainty avoidance- how strongly does the person desire highly structured situations?

answer

Hofstede's 4 principles

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