MGMT6237 Final – Flashcards

What is the best explanation for so many different definitions of leadership?

What is the most common element in definitions of leadership?

Definitions of leadership:

What process is emphasized in the definition of leadership proposed by Yukl?

Leadership effectiveness is best assessed:

Most leadership theories emphasize:

What aspect of leadership has been emphasized most often in leadership theories and research during the past half century?

What level of leadership processes is emphasized in most theories of effective leadership?

A theory that identifies the essential behaviors for any type of leader is best classified as:

A theory that emphasizes leader traits and skills as determinants of leadership behavior is best categorized at what level?

A theory that explains the most effective pattern of leadership behavior in a specified situation is best classified as:

A theory that describes how changes by top management in the structure and culture of an organization affect the behavior of employees is best described as a:

Most of the leadership theory and research has described:

A leadership theory that describes relationships among leader traits, behavior, influence processes, outcomes, and situational variables is best classified as:

Which is the least accurate statement about the outcomes of leadership actions?

Which statement about leaders and managers is most accurate according to Yukl?

Which was not found in most descriptive research on managerial activities?

The descriptive research found that a network of contacts and cooperative relationships is especially important to:

Which was not found by most descriptive research on decision processes in organizations?

Planning in organizations is usually:

Which type of managerial role usually requires the most time and attention?

Which of the following was not a recommendation for managers with regard to role expectations?

According to Stewart, which of the following statements is not correct?

In comparison to low-level managers, most top executives:

Managers in large units are most likely to:

In a crisis situation, effective leaders are likely to:

The primary management function in the initial stage of the organizational life cycle is:

The descriptive research shows that effective managers are likely to:

To improve problem solving, it was recommended that managers should:

Which of the following was not mentioned as a reason for changes in managerial work?

Which of the following was not a recommendation for effective time management?

Which of the following is not an example of clarifying behavior by a leader?

Which of the following is not an example of supporting behavior?

Supportive leadership is most likely to result in what outcome for subordinates?

Which of the following is least likely to be an outcome of leader supporting behavior?

According to Blake and Mouton, effective leaders are most likely to have:

Which is not a method for developing behavior taxonomies?

Which of the following is not one of the three behavior meta-categories identified by Yukl?

Which of the following is not primarily a change-oriented behavior?

Which type of behavior is least likely to occur with people outside the leader's work unit?

Which of the following was not recommended as a guideline for managers?

Which of the following was not provided as a guideline for developing subordinates?

Which of the following guidelines for recognizing was recommended?

Which of the following was provided as a guideline for monitoring?

Which feature was not recommended as a guideline for setting performance goals?

Which of the following was not recommended as a guideline for coaching?

Which of the following was not a suggested guideline for action planning?

Which of the following is least likely to be a reason for resistance by employees to a proposal by top management to change the current strategy?

Which is least likely to be the reason for resistance to major changes in job content and procedures by people who have been doing the job with moderate success for many years?

Which of the following is part of Lewin's model of organizational change?

What is the initial stage in the multi-stage model of reaction to change?

A successful vision for an organization is most likely to include:

Which of the following is least desirable for a vision?

Which of the following was not recommended when developing a vision for an organization?

Which is most likely to be effective for implementing major change?

What is the recommended way to deal with someone in a key position who continues to resist change and is likely to sabotage it?

Which approach is least likely to be useful when trying to implement a major change in an organization?

Which of the following was not recommended to facilitate acceptance and successful implementation of a major change?

What is the best way to describe the essential processes in learning organizations?

What term used to describe the process of learning how to make incremental improvements in existing products, services, or processes?

Which of the following is most useful approach for developing a learning organization?

Which leadership action is least likely to increase flexibility and innovation in an organization?

The type of organization culture most likely to facilitate long-term performance in a turbulent environment would emphasize:

The decision procedure that provides a subordinate the most influence is:

Which decision of the following procedures gives a leader the most control over the final decision?

In the Vroom-Yetton model of decision participation, the rules for identifying appropriate decision procedures are designed to protect:

According to the Vroom-Yetton model, the leader should not use an autocratic decision procedure when:

What is the least important reason for delegating to subordinates?

Substantial delegation is most likely to occur when:

Decisions about what to delegate to a subordinate are most likely to be influenced by:

Which of the following actions does not represent a significant form of delegation?

Which of the following is not likely to be a benefit from using delegation?

Which is not a guideline for effective delegation?

Which of the following was not a guideline for how to delegate effectively?

A manager should not delegate tasks that are:

Which of the following was not recommended as a guideline for participative leadership?

Which is the following is a guideline for encouraging participation by subordinates in a meeting to discuss a proposed change by a manager?

What is the best way to summarize the findings in research on participative leadership?

Which of the following characteristics of the job or organization is most likely to be a facilitating condition for the effectiveness of empowerment?

What is the best conclusion about the traits of managers?

What is the most important motive for predicting who will seek leadership positions?

Which pattern of traits (from strongest to weakest) is best for managers in organizations?

Effective managers are least likely to have which of the following traits?

What is the most accurate conclusion about power motivation of managers?

A leader with a socialized power orientation is more likely to:

A very narcissistic leader is most likely to:

Effective leaders are least likely to have a high score on which "big five" trait?

It is better for a leader to have a moderately high level than a very high level of which trait or skill?

Research at CCL found that leaders who eventually derailed in their careers:

Research at CCL found that compared to managers who derailed in their career, managers who continued to be successful had more:

Social perceptiveness and behavioral flexibility are key components of:

Which conclusion best describes how CEO skills are related to organization performance?

In comparison to low-level supervisors, top executives usually need more:

Which statement about technical skills is most accurate"

Which of the following was not presented as a guideline for career planning?

The primary explanatory process in Path-goal Theory of leadership is:

According to Path-goal theory, supportive leadership contributes most to subordinate satisfaction and motivation when the task is:

According to Path-Goal Theory, directive leadership is most effective when:

According to Kerr and Jermier, leadership is least important when:

According to Leader Substitutes Theory:

According to Cognitive Resources Theory, there is less likely to be a relation between intelligence and leader effectiveness when:

According to Cognitive Resource Theory, what is the best predictor of leader success when there is high interpersonal stress?

A leader with a high LPC score will perform best when the situation is:

What is the major situational variable in Hersey and Blanchard's leadership theory?

According to the Multiple Linkage Model, short-term group effectiveness depends primarily on what the leader does to:

In the Multiple Linkage Model, long-term group effectiveness depends primarily on:

Which contingency theory uses specific leadership behaviors rather than broad meta-categories?

Which of the following was not a suggested guideline for adaptive leadership?

Which of the following was a suggested guideline for adaptive leadership?

Which of the following actions by a manager is least useful for improving coordination with other departments in the organization?

Which of the following was not identified as a weakness of most contingency theories of effective leadership?

What kind of power is dependent upon friendship and trust?

Which two kinds of power have been found to be related most strongly to leader effectiveness in motivating subordinates?

Control over access to information is a source of power over:

Referent power is most likely to result in which type of influence process?

Which of the following is not an example of resistance to an influence attempt?

Use of legitimate power by leaders is most likely to result in which outcome?

The status and influence accorded an emergent leader depends primarily on:

Which statement about institutionalization in organizations is most accurate?

Explaining why a proposed activity would be good for the target person is an example of which tactic?

Which influence tactic is used most frequently in organizations?

Which tactic is more likely to be used in a follow-up influence attempt than in an initial influence attempt?

Which influence tactic is used more often in attempts to influence superiors than in attempts to influence subordinates?

Which influence tactic is most likely to result in target commitment?

Which influence tactic is least likely to result in target commitment?

Which influence tactic is most dependent on the agent's reward power?

Strong expert power is most likely to enhance the effectiveness of which tactic?

The research on LMX shows that effective leaders:

When there is a high LMX relationship, the leader is more likely to:

Which was not found in the research on leader-member exchange?

A special exchange relationship with some subordinates least likely to occur when:

Research on attributions shows that most people:

When is a leader most likely to be viewed as highly effective?

Which statement about implicit leadership theories is not accurate?

Studies on how managers perceive poor performance by a subordinate find that they are most likely to:

How are managers most likely to interpret the reasons for effective performance?

After a manager makes an external attribution for weak performance by a subordinate, what is the least likely response by the manager?

Which of the following is a recommended guideline for correcting a subordinate's performance deficiencies?

In a meeting to deal with poor performance by a subordinate, the leader should:

An employee who volunteers to stay late and do extra work is using which form of impression management?

What is not one of the impression management tactics described in the chapter?

Which of the following is a cognitive strategy for self management?

Which of the following is a suggested guideline for followers?

Which of the following was not mentioned as a primary determinant of performance for a functional team?

Which of the following was not mentioned as a reason for high team performance?

The greatest amount of shared leadership is likely to be found in:

Which type of team is most likely to be given the task of designing a new product and bringing it into production?

Which is not likely to improve the effectiveness of a self-managed team?

Which type of activity is least likely to be delegated to a self-managed team?

Members are most likely to experience role conflict and divided loyalties:

What is the most useful role for the external leader of a self-managed team?

What was found in research on the effectiveness of self-managed teams?

Which process is most likely to occur in an after-activity review?

Which of the following is least likely to build collective identification and mutual trust among team members?

Which process was not a suggested method for team building?

The primary responsibility of the leader of a decision group is to:

Which of the following is a task-oriented leadership function in decision groups?

Which leader action is most likely to improve a group decision?

Which of the following was not recommended for leaders of decision groups?

Which condition is not likely to limit a chief executive's discretion to make major changes in the strategy of an organization?

Research finds that major changes in companies are usually initiated by:

When an organization has declining performance, a CEO who has been in office for many years is least likely to:

What is the best summary of findings in research on leadership succession?

According to Schein, organization culture is best described as:

How is a strong organizational culture related to the financial performance of an organization?

Which is not a core performance determinant for an organization in the flexible leadership theory?

According to the flexible leadership theory, the CEO of an organization should:

According to flexible leadership theory, strategic leadership is most difficult when:

Which guideline about management programs and systems is most consistent with flexible leadership theory?

In what situation are executive teams least likely to be useful?

Which of the following actions by the CEO is not likely to improve the effectiveness of an executive team?

Which of the following theories most strongly emphasizes the importance of emergent processes for the adaptation of organizations to their environment?

When the competition is intense and the environment is changing rapidly, it is especially important to:

Which of the following was not given as a guideline for external monitoring?

Which condition is least important for the success of a new strategy?

Charismatic leadership is best understood by examining:

Which of the following influence processes is least important in theories of charismatic leadership?

Which is not an important behavior in the attribution theory of charismatic leadership?

According to Conger and Kanungo, attributions of charisma are least likely for a leader who:

According to Shamir, the vision articulated by charismatic leaders emphasizes:

Descriptive research on narcissistic charismatics found that they are most likely to:

Which of the following is not likely to be a negative consequence for a charismatic leader?

What conclusion is best supported in the case study by Roberts of a school administrator?

Which of the following is not a transformational behavior according to Bass?

According to Bass, effective transformational leaders:

Which statement about transformational and charismatic leadership is most accurate?

Most theories of charismatic and transformational leadership:

Which statement comparing transformational and charismatic leadership is most accurate?

Personal identification with the leader:

Which is not a recommended guideline for transformational leadership?

Which was a suggested guideline for communicating a vision?

According to Burns, transforming leaders are most likely to appeal to:

Unethical behavior is less likely for a leader with:

Which condition is most likely to encourage ethical behavior in organizations?

What is the most important indictor of personal integrity in the theories of ethical leadership?

Ethical behavior is more likely to occur when the dominant concern for the leader is:

Which is not a major obstacle in evaluating ethical leadership for individual leaders?

Ethical behavior and integrity for a leader is most likely to result in:

What is emphasized more in ethical leadership theories than in transformational leadership?

Which type of value is not emphasized in theories of ethical leadership?

Which theory emphasizes the importance for leaders of helping people satisfy their dual needs for fellowship and transcendence?

Which theory has the most emphasis on the responsibility of leaders to oppose social injustice and inequality?

Which theory includes the largest number of influence processes and follower characteristics?

Which of the following theories has the most emphasis on improving subordinate performance?

Which of the following was not a recommendation for ethical leadership behavior?

What is the most appropriate strategy for a leader when there is a decision that involves a conflict among the interests of different stakeholders?

What statement about leader influence on the ethical behavior of followers is not accurate?

What was not mentioned as an important question in the cross-cultural research on leadership?

What is the name of the most extensive research program on cross-cultural leadership?

Which description of cross-cultural research on leadership is most accurate?

Which of the following is least likely to be a source of difficulties in cross-cultural research on leadership?

What is the most accurate description of culture clusters?

Which value was not regarded as important for effective leadership in all the cultures that were studied?

Which attribute was considered important for leaders in all of the cultures that were studied?

Participative leadership is most likely to be effective in a culture with:

Which cultural value dimension is most likely to encourage rapid economic development?

Detailed plans and formal procedures are most likely to be found in a culture with:

Which statement is most accurate according to the research on gender and leadership?

Which is least likely to be a reason for the "glass ceiling" in large organizations?

Which was recommended as a guideline for managing diversity in organizations?

Which of the following was not mentioned as a promising method to improve equal opportunity in organizations?

Which of the following was not suggested as a mechanism for reducing discrimination and intolerance in an organization?

Which feature is the least desirable for a diversity program?

Training programs to enhance leadership skills:

Which approach for leadership development is used most often by organizations?

Which was not found in most studies on leadership training in organizations?

Which of the following was not recommended in the design of effective training?

Which of the following was not a suggested guideline for effective training?

Research on the way managers acquire leadership skills find that:

Research at CCL indicates that the least amount of learning occurred for managers who had:

Which of the following statements about learning from feedback is least likely to be true for top executives?

The research on consequences of mentoring indicates that:

Which developmental method provides the most varied and intensive feedback to managers about their traits, skills, and behavior?

In most behavior feedback workshops for management development, the primary source of information about a manager's behavior is:

Which of the following is not likely to be an advantage of executive coaching over formal training courses?

Which two types of benefits were identified as likely outcomes of mentoring for the person who is being mentored?

Which developmental method is most useful for helping managers to understand their inner feelings and values?

Which of the following was not recommended for an integrated approach to management development in companies?

Which of the following is not a recommended guideline for self-development of leadership skills?

Which conclusion about progress in leadership research is most accurate?

Which if the following was not mentioned as a weakness in most leadership theory and research?

Which is least likely to be a reason for the confused state of the leadership literature?

What is the best conclusion about the current state of leadership theory?

Which conclusion about trends in leadership research over the last decade is not correct?

Which of the following is not characteristic of most leadership research?

What research method is used most often to study leadership effectiveness?

Which type of research is least likely to be useful for increasing our understanding of leadership at this point in the development of the field?

Which of the following is not a common feature of leadership research?

What is the best conclusion about the results from research on the trait, behavior, and power-influence research?

Convergence of findings from different research approaches in leadership:

Which is not true for the integrating conceptual model presented in this chapter?

The implications of empowerment for effective leadership are most important for which level of leadership theory?

Employee talent is relevant for understanding effective leadership:

Effective leaders are most likely to:

Which of the following was not described as an essential theme for effective leadership?