question

The process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals

answer

leadership

question

Why is vision important for leadership

answer

expresses the leader's ambitions for the organization creates high performance aspirations

question

Management is about coping with ____ while leadership is about coping with ____

answer

complexity change

question

Managers or leaders have a long term view?

answer

leaders

question

Keep people focused on moving the organization toward its ideal future; motivating people to overcome obstacles

answer

leaders

question

Requires planning & budgeting routines; daily complexities' organizational structures; staffing and monitoring activities

answer

managers

question

5 sources of power for leadership

answer

legitimate power reward power coercive power referent power expert power

question

Leadership perspectives

answer

power/influence approach trait/competency theory behavior approach contingency perspective strategic leadership perspective

question

Components of the power/influence approach

answer

effective leaders rely on: - the personal power that flows from expertise - a network of allies - individual attributes - power flowing from their formal position - skill organizational politicians

question

Examples of traits in the Trait perspective

answer

drive leadership motivation honest/integrity self-confidence emotional stability cognitive ability knowledge of the business

question

2 dominant behaviors in the behavioral perspective

answer

initiating structure consideration

question

The degree to which a leader structures the roles of followers by setting goals, giving directions, setting deadlines, and assigning tasks. PRIMARILY AFFECTS SUBORDINATES JOB PERFORMANCE

answer

initiating structure

question

The extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, and supportive and shows concern from employees. PRIMARILY AFFECTS SUBORDINATES JOB SATISFACTION

answer

consideration

question

In order to maximize work group performance, leaders must be matched to the right leadership situation

answer

Fiedler's Contingency Theory

question

What are the contingencies of Fiedler's contingency theory?

answer

leader-member relations task structure position power

question

Leaders can increase subordinate satisfaction and performance by clarifying and clearing the paths to goals and by increasing the number and kinds of rewards available for goal attainment

answer

path-goal theory

question

Under path-goal theory: leader behavior must be source of immediate or future ____ for followers

answer

satisfaction

question

Under path-goal theory: Leaders should complement what?

answer

the characteristics of followers' work environments

question

A situational variable that makes a leadership style unnecessary

answer

substitutes

question

Any situation that causes employees to manage their own behavior and direct themselves toward the attainment of goals deuces the need for proactive task oriented and people oriented leadership styles

answer

leadership substitutes

question

When are task or people oriented leaders more effective according to Fielder?

answer

when the group they lead performs well when their styles are matched to the proper situation

question

4 leadership styles that can be used according to path- goal theory

answer

directive supportive participative achievement-oriented

question

Path goal theory: 3 functions of the leader

answer

- make the path easy to travel by coaching - reduce any barriers to goal - increase satisfaction by increasing rewards

question

2 types of visionary leadership

answer

charismatic transformational

question

2 types of charismatic leaders

answer

ethical and unethical

question

Generates awareness and acceptance of a group's purpose and mission and gets employees to see beyond their own needs and self interests for the good of the group

answer

transformational leadership

question

Based on an exchange process in which followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for poor performance

answer

transactional leadership

question

4 skills of transformational leaders

answer

idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individual consideration

question

Leadership

answer

the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals

question

Leaders begin with the question

answer

"What should we be doing?"

question

Managers begin with the question

answer

"How can we do what we're already doing better?"

question

Leaders focus

answer

on vision, mission, goals, and objectives,

question

Managers focus

answer

on productivity and efficiency.

question

Managers see themselves as

answer

preservers of the status quo,

question

Leaders see themselves as

answer

promoters of change and challengers of the status quo

question

Managers have

answer

a relatively short-term perspective

question

Leaders take

answer

a long-term view

question

Managers are concerned

answer

with control and limiting the choices of others

question

Leaders are more concerned

answer

with expanding people's choices and options.

question

Managers

answer

also solve problems so that others can do their work,

question

Leaders

answer

inspire and motivate others to find their own solutions

question

Managers are also more concerned

answer

with means, how to get things done

question

Leaders are more concerned

answer

with ends, what gets done

question

Managers are

answer

critical to getting out the day-to-day work,

question

leaders are

answer

critical to inspiring employees and setting the organization's long-term direction.

question

Trait theory

answer

a leadership theory that holds that effective leaders possess a similar set of traits or characteristics

question

Traits

answer

relatively stable characteristics, such as abilities, psychological motives, or consistent patterns of behavior

question

Trait theory

answer

is also known as the "great person" theory because early versions of the theory stated that leaders are born, not made

question

Drive refers

answer

to high levels of effort and is characterized by achievement, motivation, initiative, energy, and tenacity

question

Two basic leader behaviors emerged

answer

as central to successful leadership: initiating structure =

question

Achievement-oriented leadership

answer

a leadership style in which the leader sets challenging goals, has high expectations of employees, and displays confidence that employees will assume responsibility and put forth extraordinary effort

question

Charismatic leadership

answer

the behavioral tendencies and personal characteristics of leaders that create an exceptionally strong relationship between them and their followers

question

Consideration

answer

the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, and supportive and shows concern for employees

question

Contingency theory

answer

a leadership theory that states that in order to maximize work group performance, leaders must be matched to the situation that best fits their leadership style

question

Directive leadership

answer

a leadership style in which the leader lets employees know precisely what is expected of them, gives them specific guidelines for performing tasks, schedules work, sets standards of performance, and makes sure that people follow standard rules and regulations

question

Ethical charismatics

answer

charismatic leaders who provide developmental opportunities for followers, are open to positive and negative feedback, recognize others' contributions, share information, and have moral standards that emphasize the larger interests of the group, organization, or society

question

Initiating structure

answer

the degree to which a leader structures the roles of followers by setting goals, giving directions, setting deadlines, and assigning tasks

question

Leader-member relations

answer

the degree to which followers respect, trust, and like their leaders

question

Leadership

answer

the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals

question

Leadership style

answer

the way a leader generally behaves toward followers

question

Normative decision theory

answer

a theory that suggests how leaders can determine an appropriate amount of employee participation when making decisions

question

Participative leadership

answer

a leadership style in which the leader consults employees for their suggestions and input before making decisions

question

Path-goal theory

answer

a leadership theory that states that leaders can increase subordinate satisfaction and performance by clarifying and clearing the paths to goals and by increasing the number and kinds of rewards available for goal attainment

question

Position power

answer

the degree to which leaders are able to hire, fire, reward, and punish workers

question

Situational favorableness

answer

the degree to which a particular situation either permits or denies a leader the chance to influence the behavior of group members

question

Strategic leadership

answer

the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically, and work with others to initiate changes that will create a positive future for an organization

question

Supportive leadership

answer

a leadership style in which the leader is friendly and approachable to employees, shows concern for employees and their welfare, treats them as equals, and creates a friendly climate

question

Task structure

answer

the degree to which the requirements of a subordinate's tasks are clearly specified

question

Trait theory

answer

a leadership theory that holds that effective leaders possess a similar set of traits or characteristics

question

Traits

answer

relatively stable characteristics, such as abilities, psychological motives, or consistent patterns of behavior

question

Transactional leadership

answer

leadership based on an exchange process, in which followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for poor performance

question

Transformational leadership

answer

leadership that generates awareness and acceptance of a group's purpose and mission and gets employees to see beyond their own needs and self-interests for the good of the group

question

Unethical charismatics

answer

charismatic leaders who control and manipulate followers, do what is best for themselves instead of their organizations, want to hear only positive feedback, share only information that is beneficial to themselves, and have moral standards that put their interests before everyone else's

question

Visionary leadership

answer

leadership that creates a positive image of the future that motivates organizational members and provides direction for future planning and goal setting

question

Unit focused leadership

answer

focuses on effectiveness of leader with the group

question

Dyad approach

answer

focuses on leadership effectiveness 1 on 1

question

Role taking phase communication

answer

I tell you what's expected of you

question

Role making phase communication

answer

You are a part of the in group and I'm consulting with you

question

"Great Man approach" 5 common traits

answer

intelligence, self confidence, determination, integrity, sociability

question

Traits show ______ more than_______

answer

Leadership potential, leadership effectiveness

question

Leadership style stays the same

answer

False, it changes over time

question

Time driven model of leadership values

answer

1) decision significance 2) importance of commitment 3) leader expertise 4) likelihood of commitment 5) Shared objectives 6) Employee expertise 7) Teamwork skills

question

17 days clip

answer

High decision significance, high commitment, leader had low expertise, low shared objectives-should have used a consultative style. Instead, he used a blockade

question

Ohio State studies

answer

2 x 2 matrix-4 approaches/styles based on level of initiating structure and consideration

question

Initiating structure

answer

refers to the extent to which the leader defines and structures the roles of employees in pursuit of goal attainment-leaders who are high in initiating structure play a more active role in directing group activities and prioritize planning, scheduling, and trying out new ideas

question

Consideration

answer

reflects the extent to which leaders create job relationships characterized by mutual trust, respect for employee ideas, and consideration of employee feelings-leaders who are high in consideration create a climate of good rapport and strong 2 way communication and exhibit a deep connection for the welfare of employees

question

Michigan Studies

answer

Continuum-you are one or the other. Identified concepts known as production-centered (task-oriented) and employee-centered (relations-oriented)

question

4 leadership roles

answer

-leading through vision and values -championing continuous improvement -building business partnerships (view your internal and external customers as partners) -facilitating learning leaders do this, but some managers may not be doing this

question

Dimensions of transformational leadership

answer

4 I's--idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration

question

Transformational leadership

answer

changes the________ leaders and followers

question

Star Trek Clip

answer

Captain pike uses transformational leadership on Captain Kirk-uses inspirational motivation, idealized influence

question

Transformational leadership causes employees to have

answer

higher levels of motivation and trust their leader more

question

Transformational leadership correlations

answer

moderate correlation with job performance, strong correlation with commitment

question

Most effective type of training

answer

transformational training-employees have higher levels of organizational commitment, managers rated as more transformational

question

Motivation establish direction and influence others to follow that direction willingly and assume responsibility and maintain good human relations

answer

False

question

Individual's leadership stem from within the individual and within the organization

answer

False

question

This theory is the foundation for most current thinking "Hierarchy pyramid" a. Expectancy theory b. Maslow (1954): hierarchy of needs c. McClelland (1961): achievement motivation theory d. Herzberg (1959): dual-factor theory or motivation hygiene theory

answer

b. Maslow (1954): hierarchy of needs

question

This theory is based on 3 needs: Power, Achievement, and Affiliation a. Expectancy theory b. Maslow (1954): hierarchy of needs c. McClelland (1961): achievement motivation theory d. Herzberg (1959): dual-factor theory or motivation hygiene theory

answer

c. McClelland (1961): achievement motivation theory

question

This theory is a mix of Motivators and Hygiene factors. a. Expectancy theory b. Maslow (1954): hierarchy of needs c. McClelland (1961): achievement motivation theory d. Herzberg (1959): dual-factor theory or motivation hygiene theory

answer

d. Herzberg (1959): dual-factor theory or motivation hygiene theory

question

This theory is a mix of Individual factors + organizational factors a. Expectancy theory b. Maslow (1954): hierarchy of needs c. McClelland (1961): achievement motivation theory d. Herzberg (1959): dual-factor theory or motivation hygiene theory

answer

a. Expectancy theory

question

All of these motivational strategies are correct except: a. Align goals of organization with goals of employee b. Strive to understand what motivates each employee c. Employees need a one time support of motivation d. Use organizational systems to help clarify. Ex., SOP

answer

c. Employees need a one time support of motivation

question

Peter Drucker stated that the essence of leadership is charisma, not performance

answer

False

question

In Fiedler's contingency theory, the term ____ refers to the degree to which leaders are able to hire, fire, reward, and punish workers.

answer

position power

question

Refer to Hewlett-Packard. According to the contingency theory, when Mark Hurd decided to lay off 14,500 employees, he was showing high ____.

answer

position power

question

The three major situational leadership theories all assume that the effectiveness of any leadership style (the way a leader generally behaves toward followers) depends on the situation.

answer

True

question

Which of the following is one of the steps recommended for companies to take to reduce the risks associated with unethical charismatic leaders?

answer

All of these are recommended steps to take to reduce the risks associated with unethical charismatics.

question

In the path-goal theory of leadership, subordinate satisfaction and subordinate performance would be examples of ____.

answer

outcomes

question

There is no such thing as a "best" leadership style for all situations and employees.

answer

True

question

In Fiedler's contingency theory, the two situational factors that determine the favorability of a situation are leader-member relations and task structure.

answer

False

question

Transactional leaders ____.

answer

followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for poor performance

question

Since there are no consistent trait differences between leaders and nonleaders, or between effective and ineffective leaders, trait theory is wrong.

answer

False

question

____is the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals.

answer

Leadership

question

The "great person" theory is another name for the ____ theory of leadership.

answer

Trait

question

Doris Cunningham, CEO of Members Choice Federal Credit Union in West Virginia, believes keeping staff excited about the business they're in is one of a leader's primary roles. She believes a spirit of enthusiasm must start at the top. This indicates that Cunningham is high in ____.

answer

consideration

question

Recently, a newly appointed CEO of a major corporation began by firing the entire management committee. A few months later, this same executive, fired two of his hand-picked senior executives. From this information, it is obvious that this executive was more concerned about his employees' ____ than their job satisfaction. In terms of situational favorableness, this executive demonstrated ____.

answer

power position

question

Relatively stable characteristics such as abilities, psychological motives, or consistent patterns of behavior, form the basis for the ____ of leadership.

answer

trait theory

question

Which of the following is a major concern of leaders (as opposed to managers)?

answer

inspiring and motivating others

question

The primary difference between leaders and managers is that leaders are concerned with doing the right thing, while managers are concerned with doing things right.

answer

True

question

Researchers believe leaders can simultaneously be considerate and initiate structure because consideration and initiating structure are independent behaviors.

answer

True

question

Refer to Oakland Athletics. Billy Beane is an example of a leader because he ____.

answer

has a strong desire to lead

question

Which of the following leadership theories uses a decision tree to determine the appropriate level of participation by subordinates in decision-making?

answer

Vroom-Yetton-Jago's normative decision model

question

Which of the following is another term for considerate leadership behavior?

answer

employee centered leadership

question

The founder and CEO of a medical products distributor, establishes ambitious goals for his employees and is confident that they will be able to achieve these goals. In terms of the path-goal theory, this founder and CEO is exhibiting a(n) ____ type of leadership.

answer

achievement-oriented

question

Hot Topic is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Hot Topic's CEO Betsy McLaughlin relies on her employees to locate new trends. McLaughlin almost daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions and treats her employees as equals. McLaughlin is demonstrating ____.

answer

consideration

question

Which of the following approaches to implementing Fiedler's contingency theory in the workplace has proven effective?

answer

accurately measuring and matching leaders to situations

question

Recently, a newly appointed CEO of a major corporation began by firing the entire management committee. A few months later, this same executive, fired two of his hand-picked senior executives. From this information, it is obvious that this executive was more concerned about his employees' ____ than their job satisfaction. In terms of Fiedler's contingency theory, this executive was most concerned with establishing ____.

answer

situational favorableness

question

Leadership is the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals.

answer

True

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the four leadership styles identified in the path-goal theory of leadership?

answer

Charismatic

question

Research shows that while initiating structure impacts primarily on ____, consideration impacts primarily on ____.

answer

job performance; job satisfaction

question

Which of the following is a major concern of managers (as opposed to leaders)?

answer

maintaining the status quo

question

Which of the following leadership theories assumes that leadership styles are consistent and difficult to change?

answer

none of these

question

Refer to Hewlett-Packard. There was a deep sense of distrust at HP when Hurd replaced Carly Fiorina as CEO. Which leadership behavior should Mark use to help improve the situation?

answer

consideration

question

Which of the following statements about the two basic leader behaviors that are central to successful leadership is true?

answer

These behaviors are independent, meaning that leaders can do both at the same time.

question

The three major situational leadership theories all assume that the effectiveness of any leadership style (the way a leader generally behaves toward followers) depends on the situation.

answer

True

question

Refer to Oakland Athletics. One of the reasons for Beane's success is his ability to let employees know precisely what is expected of them, give specific guidelines for playing baseball (e.g., All pitchers are instructed to throw strikes on the first pitch and to throw as few pitches as possible during each inning.), and make sure players follow these standards of performance. Beane is a(n) ____ leader.

answer

directive

question

To save a company from bankruptcy, its CEO told its employees that he would eliminate 53 percent of the company's mechanics and reduce the compensation of the remaining mechanics by 26 percent. In terms of the normative decision theory, Steenland ____.

answer

made autocratic decisions

question

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what leadership style involves being friendly and approachable to employees, showing concern for them and their welfare, treating them as equals, and creating a friendly climate.

answer

supportive leadership

question

There is no such thing as a "best" leadership style for all situations and employees.

answer

True

question

Refer to Oakland Athletics. Other teams have an average payroll of $85 million. Beane's payroll for the Athletics is only $33 million. His ability to be frugal and yet build a successful team is in large part due to his ability to set goals, give directions, and assign tasks. In other words, Beane excels in ____.

answer

initiating structure

question

In the path-goal theory of leadership, subordinate satisfaction and subordinate performance would be examples of ____.

answer

Outcomes

question

____ is leadership that creates a positive image of the future that motivates organizational members and provides direction for future planning and goal setting.

answer

visionary leadership

question

As a leader behavior, consideration refers to the extent to which leaders do what they said they would do.

answer

False

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