Medieval History: Primary Source Information – Flashcards
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Bodo, a Frankish Peasant
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- author: found through available historical evidence; no set author - focus: describing the life of Bodo, a Frankish peasant, through available historical documents and evidence - time & place: Francia in the reign of Charlemagne (8th and 9th centuries)
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Faults of the Roman People (Tierney 1)
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- author: Ammianus Marcellinus - focus: the faults of Roman society and people & how that reflects the state of the Roman Empire - time & place: Rome in the 4th century
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The Theodosian Code (Tierney 2)
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- author: Theodosius II (in theory) - focus: the code of laws used to govern the people of the Late Roman Empire, especially with regards to social and economic conditions - time & place: Rome, 438
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Sidonius to His Friend Donidius, Greeting (Tierney 4)
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- author: Sidonius Apollinaris - focus: describes the changes to Roman society and lifestyle; villas - time & place: Gaul in the 5th century
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The Nicene Creed (Tierney 5)
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- author: the Council of Nicea - focus: stating the beliefs of the Catholic Christian perspective, creating a standard to be followed; meant to oppose the rise of Arian Christianity and its teaching - time & place: Roman Empire in 325
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Conversions- Constantine (Tierney 6)
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- author: Eusebius (from Life of Constantine) - focus: describes the moment of Constantine's conversion during a battle; set the stage for his acceptance of Christianity - time & place: Rome in the 4th century
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Conversions- Augustine (Tierney 6)
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- author: St. Augustine - focus: describes the process of his own conversion and how it has affected him; its presence in Confessions gives influence to others, etc. - time & place: Roman Empire/Hippo in the end of the 4th century
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The Edict of Milan (Tierney 7)
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- authors: Constantine and Licinius - focus: it granted Christianity official tolerance throughout the Roman Empire - time & place: Milan (and the Roman Empire) in 313
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Augustine & Gelasius: Augustine's Opinion (Tierney 7)
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- author: Augustine (from City of God) - focus: how there are two different realms, that of heaven and that of earth OR those who love God and those who reject him - time & place: Roman Empire in the 4th century
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Augustine & Gelasius: Gelasius' Opinion (Tierney 7)
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- author: Pope Gelasius I - focus: described the difference between papal authority and empirical/political authority, and that the power of God comes first - time & place: Rome in the 5th century
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Letters of Theodoric (Tierney 10)
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- author: Theodoric, as recorded by Cassiodorus - focus: preserving and promoting the ideals of the Roman Empire; creating peace and prosperity through fair treatment of and religious freedom for all - time & place: Ostrogothic Italy from the late 5th to early 6th centuries
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Writings on Clovis (Tierney 11)
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- author: Bishop Gregory of Tours - focus: the political, military, and religious decisions and maneuvers of Clovis as he founded the Frankish monarchy - time & place: Francia, around 590
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The Law of the Salian Franks (Tierney 14)
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- author: came from oral tribal practices - focus: detailed the ways in which tribes treated each other, including family bonds, etc.; dealt with how to punish crimes - time & place: Francia, from the 7th century onwards in written records
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The Benedictine Rule
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- author: St. Benedict - focus: it set many standards for the organization and government of monasteries throughout Europe - time & place: Rome in 540; became basis for the monasteries under Charlemagne's reign in the 9th century
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Life of St. Anthony of Egypt
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- author: Athanasius - focus: detailed the life and achievements of St. Anthony as he pursued a monastic lifestyle, and how this would influence others who sought to follow in his footsteps - time & place: Egypt (setting) in the 4th century
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St. Perpetua
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- focus: a written account of the martyrdom of Perpetua that provides details as to what it meant and how it was viewed in society - time & place: Rome in 203
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The Accounts of Justinian (Tierney 22)
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- author: Procopius (from Buildings and Secret History) - focus: details the private lives and public policies and achievements of Justinian and Theodora, in addition to the influence that they had on their empire - time & place: Byzantium in the 6th century
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Islamic Terms of Peace
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- author: Islamic conquerors and leaders - focus: describes the relationship between the Islamic leaders and their conquered subjects; relates to the teachings of the Quran - time & place: Islamic Empire in 633-643
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The Quran- Women
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- author: based on teachings of Muhammad - focus: describes the distinct roles reserved for women and families, including inheritance and treatment - time & place: the Islamic Empire in the 7th century
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The Quran- Muhammad
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- author: based on teachings of Muhammad - focus: describes the faith and devotion necessary to becoming a successful, faithful Muslim - time & place: the Islamic Empire in the 7th century
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Accounts of Charlemagne (Tierney 26)
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- author: Einhard - focus: detailed accounts of the policies and practices of Charlemagne, both in his personal and public lives - time & place: Francia in the 8th/9th centuries
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A Summons to Charlemagne's Army (Tierney 27)
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- author: Charlemagne (technically- his decrees) - focus: detailed the loyalty that Charlemagne expected of his people - time & place: Francia in the 8th/9th centuries
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General Capitulary of the Missi (Tierney 27)
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- author: Charlemagne (technically- his decrees) - focus: detailed the loyalty that Charlemagne expected of his people, with particular emphasis on his missi - time & place: Francia in 802
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Capitulary for Saxony (Tierney 27)
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- author: Charlemagne (technically- his decrees) - focus: detailed the loyalty that Charlemagne expected of his people and conquered subjects, with particular emphasis on the treatment he would promise them as well - time & place: Francia in the 8th/9th centuries
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Letter to Baugalf, Abbot of Fulda (Tierney 28)
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- author: Charlemagne - focus: described Charlemagne's desire to entrust the education of the people with the monasteries - time & place: Francia in the 8th/9th centuries
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The Capitulary De Villis (Tierney 29)
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- author: Charlemagne (technically- his decrees) - focus: provides a description of self-supporting estates & agriculture - time & place: Francia in the 9th century
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The Manor of Neuillay (Tierney 29)
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- focus: illustrates the social structure of a medieval village community - time & place: near Paris in the 10th century
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English Oath of Fidelity (Tierney 32)
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- focus: describes feudalism and relationship between a lord and his vassal - time & place: England in the 10th century
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Capitulary Concerning Freemen and Vassals (Tierney 32)
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- author: Frankish kings - focus: describes the regulations placed by kings in order to control the relationships between lords and vassals - time & place: Francia in the early 9th century
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Capitulary of Mersen (Tierney 32)
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- author: Kings Lothar, Lewis, and Charles - focus: described the presence of feudalism in the kingdom - time & place: Francia in 847
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Founding of the Duchy of Normandy (Tierney 32)
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- focus: described how the founding of the Duchy of Normandy allowed for the control of land and territory - time & place: Francia under Viking attacks in the 10th century
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Ceremony of Homage (Tierney 32)
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- author: Galbert of Bruges - focus: described the process by which homage was paid and what it meant to both parties - time & place: Flanders in 1127
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Capitulary of Lestinnes (Tierney 33)
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- focus: describes process by which fiefs were granted, especially with Church lands - time & place: Francia in 743
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Capitulary of Kiersey (Tierney 33)
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- author: Charles the Bald - focus: described the rights of jurisdiction of counts over their lands and vassals - time & place: France in the 9th century (877)
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Leges Henrici Primi (Tierney 33)
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- focus: described the rights of lords over their vassals and their immunity from royal jurisdiction - time & place: England in the 12th century
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Letter of Fulbert, Bishop of Chartres (Tierney 34)
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- author: Fulbert, bishop of Chartres - focus: the mutual obligations of lords and vassals - time & place: France in 1020
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Summons for Military Service (Tierney 34)
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- author: William I - focus: military and financial obligations between lords and vassals - time & place: Norman England in 1072
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Writ for the Collection of Relief (Tierney 34)
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- author: William II - focus: military and financial obligations between lords and vassals - time & place: Norman England in 1095/1096
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Grant Concerning Scutage (Tierney 34)
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- author: Henry I - focus: military and financial obligations between lords and vassals - time & place: Norman England in 1127
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The Song of Roland (Tierney 52)
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- focus: warrior ideals of early feudal times, loyalty, etc. - time & place: Charlemagne's Francia, but written in the 12th century
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Joinville's Account of St. Louis/Louis IX (Tierney 71)
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- author: John de Joinville - focus: the virtue and values of St. Louis - time & place: France in the 13th century
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The Capitulary de Villis (Tierney 29)
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- author: Charlemagne - focus: self-supporting agricultural estates - time & place: Francia in the 9th century
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The Manor of Neuillay (Tierney 29)
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- focus: manorialism; social structure of the medieval village community - time & place: Francia in the 10th century
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Letters of King Henry IV of Germany and Pope Gregory VII (Tierney 38)
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- authors: Henry IV and Gregory VII (alternating) - focus: investiture controversy within the Church, excommunication, power of Church and state - time & place: Germany/Rome in 1076
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Fourth Lateran Council (Tierney 65)
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- author: Pope Innocent & other council members - focus: church reform against contemporary heresies, reform legislation, etc. - time & place: Rome in 1215
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Clericis Laicos (Tierney 85)
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- author: Pope Boniface VIII - focus: prevented seizure of taxes & property from the Church - time & place: Rome in 1296
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Unam Sanctum (Tierney 85)
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- author: Pope Boniface VIII - focus: supreme authority of pope, Church as source of salvation - time & place: Rome in 1302
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Statute in Favor of the Princes (Tierney 72)
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- author: Frederick II HRE - focus: grant of privileges that essentially gave German princes free reign while he campaigned in Italy - time & place: 1231
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Magna Carta (Tierney 76)
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- author: the barons of King John - focus: granted barons certain liberties and freedoms while limiting the control of the king - time & place: England in 1215
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Coronation Oath of Edward II (Tierney 78)
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- author: King Edward (technically) - focus: promises of King Edward; right to participate in legislation - time & place: England in 1308
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Call for First Crusade (Tierney 40)
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- author: Fulcher of Chartres (account of Urban's speech) - focus: argument on behalf of the First Crusade; regain Holy Lands; made promises - time & place: Rome in 1095
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Capture of Jerusalem (Tierney 41)
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- author: Fulcher of Chartres - focus: described the siege of Jerusalem, the symbol and seat of religious history for Christianity - time & place: Jerusalem in 1099
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Byzantine View of Crusades (Tierney 42)
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- author: Anna Comnena - focus: described the role and treatment of the Byzantines during the First Crusade - time & place: Byzantine Empire during the First Crusade
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Arab View of Crusades (Tierney 43)
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- author: Ousama Ibn Mounkidh - focus: described the treatment of Arabs by and practices of Frankish soldiers and settlers in conquered lands - time & place: conquered lands in 12th century/throughout the Crusades
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Letters of Peter Abelard (Tierney 45)
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- author: Peter Abelard - focus: an account of his religious beliefs/opinions and a biography of some of his most important events (A History of Calamities) - time & place: France in the 11th/12th centuries
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On the Love of God (Tierney 46)
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- author: Bernard of Clairvaux - focus: contrasted Abelard's rationalism with an intuitive mysticism through his use of romantic language from Song of Solomon - time & place: French Cistercian order in the 12th century
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Trotula
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- author: Trota of Salerno (attributed; only wrote 1/3) - focus: a group of three separate texts that describe changes and advancements in women's health and appearance - time & place: Salerno, Italy in the 12th century
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Manor House at Chingford (Tierney 79)
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- focus: a description of a thirteenth-century manor house granted to Robert Le Moyne - time & place: Essex in 1265
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A Domesday Manor (Tierney 79)
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- author: William the Conqueror - focus: a survey of the resources of English manors that illustrates the kind of information they collected - time & place: England in 1086
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Manor of Alwalton (Tierney 79)
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- focus: detailed the extensive obligations of peasants to their masters - time & place: England in 1279
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Village of Chapelaud (Tierney 79)
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- focus: demonstrated how the economic activities of peasants were controlled by their landlords - time & place: France during time of manorialism
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The Manorial Court (Tierney 80)
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- focus: description of the workings of the manorial court system - time & place: England in the 13th century
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A Medieval Life
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- focus: described the day-to-day lives of peasants, especially Cecelia Penifader - time & place: England in the 14th Century
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Charter of Lorris (Tierney 48)
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- author: King Louis VII - focus: depicts a charter of privileges peacefully obtained by the people - time & place: France in 1155
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Charter of Ipswich (Tierney 48)
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- author: King John - focus: granted his people greater rights of self-government - time & place: England in 1200
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Italian City-States (Tierney 48)
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- author: Bishop Otto of Friesing - focus: demonstrates the political independence of autonomous city-states - time & place: Italy in 1154
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Guild Organization (Tierney 49)
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- focus: exemplifies typical early guild organizations and the duties owed to each other - time & place: Southampton in the 14th century
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The Book of Margery Kempe
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- author: Margery Kempe (through another writer) - focus: - time & place: England in the 15th century
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The Famine of 1315 (Tierney 88)
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- focus: described the effects of the famine on the European population - time & place: England in 1315
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The Black Death (Tierney 89)
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- author: Giovanni Boccaccio - focus: described the outbreak, disaster, and effects of the Black Death/plague - time & place: Europe in the 14th century
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The Black Death
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- author: Rosemary Horrox (secondary source) - focus: described the various effects and elements of the Black Death throughout Europe - time & place: Europe in the 14th century
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Canon 3 Against Heresy (Tierney 69)
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- author: Innocent III (during Fourth Lateran Council) - focus: described the strong rejection and condemnation of heresy throughout Christendom - time & place: Rome in 1215
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Inquisition (Tierney 69)
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- author: Bernard Gui - focus: describes an example of one of the inquisition hearings that became popular during and after the reign of Pope Gregory IX - time & place: Toulouse in the 14th century
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Testament (Tierney 70)
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- author: St. Francis of Assisi - focus: described the ideals that most closely supported and explained his way of life, especially with regards to combatting heresy - time & place: Italy in 1226
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The Dialogue/Letters (Tierney 98)
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- author: St. Catherine of Siena - focus: expressing her love for God in more romantic terms; example of mysticism; efforts to unite the Church and bring it back to Rome from Avignon - time & place: Italy in the 14th century
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Piers Plowman (Tierney 106)
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- author: Langland - focus: described the typical diet of peasants before and after harvest time - time & place: England in 14th century
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Ship of Fools (Tierney 108)
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- author: Sebastian Brant - focus: ridicules common peasants who pretend to have noble lineage - time & place: Germany in 1494
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The Canterbury Tales (Tierney 109)
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- author: Geoffrey Chaucer - focus: described/satirized a variety of different figures of late medieval society as they journeyed on a pilgrimage, with a particular emphasis on roles and appearances - time & place: England in the 14th century
