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Urinalysis

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the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements

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Bladder Ultrasound

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use of handheld ultrasound transducer to measure the amount of urine remaining in the bladder after urination. A normal bladder holds between 300 and 400 ccs of urine. When more than this amount is still present after urination, the bladder is described as being distended

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Catheterization

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the insertion of a tube into the bladder in order to procure a sterile specimen for diagnostic purposes. It is also used to remove urine from the bladder when the patient is unable to urinate for other reasons. Another use is to place medication into the bladder.

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Cystography

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a radiographic examination of the bladder after instillation of a contrast medium via a urethral catheter

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Cystoscopy

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visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope

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Cystoscope

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also for treatment procedures such as the removal of tumors or the reduction of an enlarged prostate gland

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Intravenous pyelogram

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also known as excretory urography, is a radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters. A contrast medium is administered intravenously to clearly define these structures in the resulting image. This examination is used to diagnose changes in the urinary tract resulting from kidney stones, infections, enlarged prostate, tumors, and internal injuries after an abdominal trauma

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Computed Tomography

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also known as CAT scan, is more commonly used as a primary tool for evaluation of the urinary system because it can be rapidly performed and provides additional imaging of the abdomen, which may reveal other potential sources for the patient's symptoms

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KUB

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a radiographic study of these structures without the use of a contrast medium. This is referred to as a flat-plate of the abdomen

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Retrograde urography

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a radiograph of the urinary system taken after dye has been placed in the urethra through a sterile catheter and caused to flow upward through the urinary tract

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Voiding Cystourethrography

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diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra. This is performed often after cystography

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Digital Rectal Examination

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performed on men to screen for prostate enlargement, infection, indications of prostate cancer.

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Digital

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performed with a gloved finger placed in the rectum to palpate the prostate gland

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Palpate

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the used of the hands to examine a body part

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Prostate-Specific antigen

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blood test is used to screen for prostate cancer. Also known as PSA test, it measures the amount of prostate-specific antigen that is present in a blood specimen

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Prostate-Specific antigen

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is a protein produced by the cells of the prostate gland. The higher a man's PSA level, the more likely it is that cancer is present

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Diuretics

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are medications administered to increase urine secretion in order to rid the body of excess water and salt

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Dialysis

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a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function. The two types of this in common use are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

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Hemodialysis

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the process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient's blood. Treatment is performed on a hemodialysis unit which is commonly referred to as an artificial kidney

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Shunt

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an artificial passage that allows the blood to flow between the body and the hemodialysis unit

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Dialysate

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the filter contains this which is a solution made up of water and electolytes. This solution cleanses the blood by removing waste products and excess fluids

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Electrolytes

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are the salts that conduct electricity and are found in the body fluid, tissue, and blood

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Peritoneal dialysis

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the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood. The dialysate solution flows into the peritoneal cavity and the fluid is exchanged through a catheter implanted in the abdominal wall. This type of dialysis is used for renal failure and certain types of posioning

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Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

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provides ongoing dialysis as the patient goes about his or her daily activities. In this procedure, a dialysate solution is instilled from a plastic container worn under the patient's clothing. About every 4 hours, the used solution is drained into this bad and the bag is discarded. The procedure continues after replacing a new bag

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Continuous Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis

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uses a machine to cycle the dialysate fluid during the night while the patient sleeps

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Nephrolysis

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is the freeing of a kidney from adhesions.

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Adhesion

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a band of fibers that holds structures together abnormally

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Nephropexy

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also known as nephrorrhaphy, the surgical fixation of a floating kidney

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Nephrostomy

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the establishment of an opening from the pelvis of the kidney to the exterior of the body. In a kidney affected by hydronephrosis, this allows bypassing of the ureter because the urine from the kidney is drained directly through the back

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Pyeloplasty

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the surgical repair of the renal pelvis

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Pyelotomy

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a surgical incision into the renal pelvis. This procedure is performed to correct an obstruction of the junction between the renal pelvis and the ureter

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Renal Transplantation

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also known as kidney transplant, is the grafting of a donor kidney into the body to replace the recipient's failed kidneys. A single transplanted kidney, from either a living or nonliving donor, is capable of adequately performing all kidney functions

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Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy

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the destruction of stones with the use of high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel. The fragments of these stones are then excreted in the urine

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Extracorporeal

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situated or occurring outside the body

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Lithotripsy

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to crush a stone

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Nephrolithotomy

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surgical removal of a nephrolith through an incision in the kidney

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Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

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performed by making a small incision in the back and inserting a nephroscope to crush and remove a kidney stone.

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Percutaneous

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performed through the skin.

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Nephroscope

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a specialized endoscope used in the treatment of the kidneys

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Ureterectomy

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surgical removal of a ureter

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Ureteroplasty

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is the surgical repair of a ureter

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Ureterorrhaphy

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surgical suturing of a ureter

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Cystectomy

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surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder

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Cystopexy

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surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall

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Cystorrhaphy

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surgical suturing of the bladder

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Lithotomy

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surgical incision for the removal of a stone from the bladder. Also used to describe a physical examination position

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Catheterization

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performed to withdraw urine for diagnostic purposes, to control incontinence, or to place fluid, such as a chemotherapy solution int the bladder

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Urethral Catheterization

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performed by inserting a tube along the urethra and into the bladder

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Indwelling Catheter

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is one that remains inside the body for a prolonged time

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Suprapubic Catheterization

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placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone

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Meatotomy

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surgical incision made in the urinary meatus to enlarge the opening

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Urethropexy

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surgical fixation of the urethra. This procedure is usually performed to correct urinary stress incontinence

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Urethrostomy

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surgical creation of a permanent opening between the urethra and the skin

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Urethrotomy

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surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture

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Ablation

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describe some types of treatment of prostate cancer, describes the removal of a body part or the destruction of its function by surgery, hormones, drugs, heat, chemicals, electrocautery, or other methods

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Prostatectomy

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surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland. This procedure is performed to treat prostate cancer or to reduce an enlarged prostate gland

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Radical Prostatectomy

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which is performed through the abdomen, is the surgical removal of the entire prostate gland, the seminal vesicles, and some surrounding tissues

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Transurethral Prostatectomy

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also known as TURP, the removal of an overgrowth of tissue from the prostate gland through a resectoscope

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Resectoscope

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a specialized endoscopic instrument that resembles a cystoscope

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Radiation Therapy and Hormone Therapy

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are additional treatments used to control prostate cancer

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Kegel Exercises

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were named for Dr. Arnold Kegel, are a series of pelvic muscle exercises used to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor to control urinary stress incontinence in women

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Bladder retraining

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a program of urinating on a schedule with increasingly longer time intervals between scheduled urination. The goal is to reestablish voluntary bladder control and to break the cycle of frequency, urgency, and urge incontinence

Medical Terminology Chapter 9 Part 3 – Flashcards

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