Test Answers on Medical Terminology Chapter 7 – Flashcards
Flashcard maker : Jennifer Hawkins
Respiratory system
Responsible for the exchange of oxygen (O2)and carbon dioxide (CO2)
Oxygen
It is carried to all cells of the body in exchange for CO2, a waste product
Breathing
Is a repetitive unconscious exchange of air between the lungs and the outside. Also known as ventilation
Breathing helps
Regulate the pH(acidity-alkalinity) of the blood, thereby maintaining homeostasis
External Respiration
Air inhaled and passed to the lung
Internal respiration
Process of exchanging oxygen(O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) at the cellular level
What is delivered to the cells?
Oxygen O2
What is excreted from internal respiration?
Carbon dioxide CO2
What percentage is composed of oxygen?
21%
Where does air pass?
Through the nose and nasal cavities
Cilia
Fine hairs that are lined in are cavities
Cilia’s fine hairs trap
Pollen or smog from being inhaled
After air passes through the nose
Air enters to the pharynx(throat)
Pharynx (throat)
Contains the tonsils and adenoids, a muscular tube that serves as a passageway for food and air
Nasal cavity
A chamber lined with mucous membranes and tiny hairs called cilia
Nasal septum
The nasal cavity is divided into a right and left side by a vertical partition of cartilage
Olfactory neurons
Are receptors for the sense of smell
Pharynx consist of three sections:
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharnx
Nasopharynx
Posterior to the nose
Oropharynx
Posterior to the mouth
Laryngopharnx
Superior to the larynx
Adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils)
Is within the nasopharnyx, know as a collection of lymphoid tissue
Palatine tonsils
More commonly known as tonsils, are located in the oropharynx
Tonsils protect
the opening to the respiratory tract from microscopic organisms that may attempt entry by this route
Larynx
(Voice box) contains the structures that make vocal sounds possible
A leaf shaped structure on top of the larynx is
Epiglottis
What does Epiglottis do?
Seals off the air passage to the lungs during swallowing
What does Epiglottis function ensure?
That food or liquids do not obstruct the flow of air to the lungs
The larynx is a short passage that joins the pharynx with the ________.
Trachea (windpipe)
Trachea
Is composed of smooth muscle embedded with C-shaped rings of cartilage, which provide rigidity to keep the air passage open.
From the larynx, air passes to the _________or _______.
Trachea or windpipe
The trachea is kept open by____________________________.
10 fibrocartilaginous semicircular rings
Trachea divides into _______________.
2 bronchi
Bronchioles
One bronchus in each lung divides into smaller branches
Alveoli
At the end of each respiratory bronchus is a cluster of air sacs
The alveoli is where
The capillaries meet the lung and air exchange occurs
Lungs are located in
The pleural or thoracic cavity
Right lung has
3 lobes
Left lung has
2 lobes
Apex
Is top of lung
Base
Is bottom of lung
Pulmonary capillaries
Lie next to the thin tissue membranes of the alveoli
An alveoli (singular alveolus)
Resembles a small balloon because it expands and contracts with inflow and outflow of air
Pharynx divides into 2 branches:
Esophagus and larynx
Diffuse
To move or spread out a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces
Carbon dioxide __________ from the blood within the pulmonary capillaries and enters the alveolar spaces, while O2 from the alveoli diffuses into the blood.
Diffuses
The mediastinum is the space between the lungs which contains the_______________________.
Heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchi.
The diaphragm separates the _______________ from the __________ cavity.
Thoracic cavity; abdomial
Serous membrane
The pleura, covers the lobes of the lungs and folds over to the line the walls of the thoracic cavity.
Visceral pleura
The membrane lying closest to the lung
Parietal pleura
The membrane that lines the thoracic cavity
Pleural cavity
The space between these two membranes (visceral/ parietal pleura)
Cartilage
Tough, elastic connective tissue that is more rigid that ligaments but less dense than the bone
Septum
Wall dividing two cavities. Nasal septum separates the two nostrils
Carbon dioxide
Tasteless, colorless, order less gas produced by body cells during metabolism
Respiration
Is the process by which O2 is take. From air and carried to body cells for their use, while CO2 and water, the waste products generated by these cells, are returned to the environment
Respiration includes four separate processes:
Pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, transport of respiratory gases, internal respiration
Pulmonary ventilation
More commonly called breathing, is largely involuntary action the moves air into (inspiration) and out of (expiration) the lungs in response to changes in blood O2 and CO2 levels and nervous stimulation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
External respiration
which is the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
Transport of respiratory gases
Which occurs when blood, aided by the cardiovascular system, transport CO2 to the lungs and O2 to body cells.
Internal respiration
Which is the exchange of O2 and CO2 between body cells and the blood in systemic capillaries.
Nas/o or rhin/o
Nose
Nas/al
Pertaining to the nose
-al
Pertaining to
rhin/o/plasty
Surgical repair of the nose
Sept/o
Septum
Sept/o/plasty
Surgical repair of the septum
-plasty
Surgical repair
-tomy
Incision
Sinus/o
Sinus, cavity
Sinus/o/tomy
Incision of any of the sinuses
Adenoid/o
Adenoids
Adenoid/ectomy
Excision of adenoids
-ectomy
Excision, removal
Tonsil/o
Tonsils
Peri/tonsils/ar
Pertaining to (the area) around the tonsils
Peri-
Around
-ar
Pertaining to
Pharyng/o
Pharynx (throat)
Pharyng/o/scope
Instrument for examining the pharynx
-scope
Instrument of examining
Epiglott/o
Epiglottis
Epiglott/itis
Inflammation of the epiglottis
Laryng/o
Larynx (voice box)
Laryng/o/plegia
Paralysis of the (vocal cords and) larynx
-plegia
Paralysis
Trache/o
Trachea (windpipe)
Trache/o/plasty
Surgical repair of the trachea
Bronchi/o
Bronch/o
Bronch/o
Bronchus (plural, bronchi)
Bronchi/ectasis
Dilation of the bronchi
-ectasis
Dilation, expansion
Bronch/o/scope
Instrument for examining the bronchus or bronchi
Bronchiol/o
Bronchiole
Bronchiol/itis
Inflammation of the bronchioles
Alveol/o
Alveolus; air sac
Alveol/ar
Pertaining to the alveoli
Pleur/o
Pleura
Pluer/o/centesis
Surgical puncture of the pleural cavity; also called throacocentesis or thoracentesis
-centesis
Surgical puncture
Pneum/o
Pneumon/o
Pneumon/o
Air; lung
Pneum/ectomy
Excision of (all or part of) a lung
Pneumon/ia
Condition of the lungs
-ia
Condition
Pulmon/o
Lung
Pulmon/o/logist
Specialist in the study (and treatment) of the lungs (and respiratory disease)
Anthrac/o
Coal, coal dust
Anthrac/osis
Abnormal condition of coal (in the lungs); also called black lung disease
Atel/o
Incomplete; imperfect
Atel/ectasis
Incomplete expansion of the lung; also called airless lung or collapsed lung
