Medical Terminology – Chapter 4 (Cells, Tissues, & Organs) – Flashcards
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tissues
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group of cells working together
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organs
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made up of tissues and has specialized functions
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cell
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basic unit of living organisms
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metabolism
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sum of all the body's physical and chemical activities
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ATP
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energy compound of the cell
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proteins
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include enzymes, some hormones, and structural materials; amino acids
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carbohydrates
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include sugars and starches
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glucose
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main carbohydrate which circulates in blood to provide energy for cells
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lipids
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fats
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cytoplasm
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gel-like fluid inside cell membrane; holds other cell organisms inside
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organelles
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subunits with specific function
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nucleus
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control region of cell
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chromosomes
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carry genetic information
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DNA
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contains chromosomes
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genes
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chromosomes that are inherited
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mitosis
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cell division where chromosomes are double and equally distributed to two daughter cells
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cytology
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study of cells
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epithelial tissue
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covers and protects body structures; lines organs, vessels, and cavities
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connective tissue
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supports and binds body stuctures
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muscle tissue
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contracts to produce movement -skeletal muscle -cardiac muscle -smooth/visceral muscle
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nervous tissue
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makes up brain, spinal cord, and nerves
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membrane
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simple, very thin, and pliable sheet of tissue (covers an organ, lines a cavity, or separates one structure from another)
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mucus
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thick fluid that lubricates surfaces and protects underlying tissue
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histology
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study of tissues
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morph/o-
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form
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cyt/o-, -cyte
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cell
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nucle/0-
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nucleus
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hist/o-, histio-
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tissue
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fibr/o-
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fiber
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reticul/o-
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network
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aden/o-
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gland
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papill/o-
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nipple
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myx/o-
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mucus
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muc/o-
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mucus, mucus membrane
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somat/o-, -some
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body, small body
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blast/o-, -blast
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immature cell, productive cell, embryonic cell
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gen
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origin, formation
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phag/o-
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eat, ingest
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phil
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attract, absorb
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plas
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formation, molding, development
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trop
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act on, affect
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troph/o-
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feeding, growth, nourishment
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hydr/o-
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water, fluid
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gluc/o-
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glucose
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sacchar/o-
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sugar
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amyl/o-
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starch
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lip/o-
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lipid, fat
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adip/0-
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fat
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steat/0-
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fatty
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prote/o-
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protein
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-ase
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enzyme
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-ose
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sugar
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amino acids
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nitrogen-containing compounds that make up proteins
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anabolism
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type of metabolism in which body substances are made -->building phase
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catabolism
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type of metabolism in which substances are broken down for energy and simple compounds
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collagen
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fibrous protein found in connective tissue
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cortex
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outer region of an organ
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glycogen
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complex sugar compound stored in liver and muscles and broken down into glucose when needed for energy
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interstitial
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between parts, such as spaces between cells in a tissue
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medulla
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inner region of an organ; marrow
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parenchyma
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functional tissue of an organ
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parietal
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pertaining to a wall, describes a membrane that lines a body cavity
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soma
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body
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stem cell
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immature cell that has capacity to develop into any of a variety of different cell types
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visceral
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pertaining to internal organs, describes membrane on surface of an organ
