Medical Terminology Chap 10 – Flashcards
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appendage
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any body part attached to a main structure
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articulation
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Place of union between two or more bones; also called joint
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cancellous
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spongy or porous structure, as fouund at the ends of long bones
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cruciate ligamentss
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ligaments that cross each other forming a X within the notch between the femoral condyles
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hematopoiesis
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the production and development of red blood cells, normally in the bone marrow
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ankyl/o
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stiffness; bent; crooked
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arthr/o
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joint
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kyph/o
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humpback
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lamin/o
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lamina (part of vertebral arch)
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lord/o
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curve, swayback
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myel/o
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bone marrow; spinal cord
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orth/o
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straight
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oste/o
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bone
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ped/o, ped/i, pod/o
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foot
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scoli/o
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crooked, bent
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thorac/o
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chest
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brachi/o
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arm
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calcane/o
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calcaneum (heel bone)
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cervic/o
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neck
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cost/o
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ribs
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dactyl/o
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fingers, toes
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lumb/o
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loins (lower back)
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radi/o
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radiation; x-ray; radius
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spondyl/o, vertebr/o
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vertebrae
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leiomy/o
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smooth muscle (visceral)
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rhabd/o
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rod-shaped (straited)
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rhabdomy/o
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rod-shaped (straited) muscle
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chondr/o
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cartilage
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fasci/o
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band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscle)
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ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
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tendon
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fibr/o
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fiber, fibrous tissue
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-asthenia
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weakness, debility
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-blast
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embryonic cell
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-clasia
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to break, surgical fracture
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-clast
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to break
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-desis
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binding, fixation (of a bone or joint)
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-malacia
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softening
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-physis
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growth
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-porosis
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porous
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syn-
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union, together, joined
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ankylosis
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Stiffening and immobility of a joint as a result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion
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carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
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painful condition which results from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel at the wrist
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claudication
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lameness, limping
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contracture
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Fribrosis of connective tissue in skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
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crepitation
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dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bones ends rubbing together, indicating fracture or joint destruction
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electromyography
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use of electrical stimulation to record strength of muscle contraction
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exacerbation
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increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms
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ganglion cyst
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tumor of tendon sheath or joint capsule, commonly found in the wrist.
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hemarthrosis
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effusion of blood into a joint cavity
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hypotonia
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Loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching
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multiple myeloma
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Primary malignant tumor that infiltrates the bone and red bone marrow
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osteophyte
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bony outgrowth that occasionally develops on the vertebra and may exert pressure on the spinal cord
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phantom limb
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Percieved sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists
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prosthesis
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Replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity
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rickets
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Osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency
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sequestrum
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fragment of a necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue.
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spondylolisthesis
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any forward slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra over the one below it
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spondylosis
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Degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues
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sprain
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Tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate, or complete
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strain
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to exert physical force in a manner that may result in injury, usu. muscular
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subluxation
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Partial or incomplete dislocation
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talipes equinovarus
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Congenital deformity of on or both feet in which the foot is pulled downwards and then laterally to the side; clubfoot
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arthrography
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series of radiographs taken after injection of contrast material into a joint cavity esp. knee or shoulder, to outline contour of the joint
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bone density tests
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radiographic procedures that use low energy x-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density (BMD)
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computed tomography (CT)
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Imaging technique that uses an x-ray beam and a computer to make a series of cross-sectional images of a body part, which together make up a 3D view of the area scanned
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discography
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radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures by injecting a contrast medium
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lumbosacral spinal radiography
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radiography of the 5 lumbar vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae, including anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique views of the lower spine
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myelography
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radiography study of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks or other lesions
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scintigraphy
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nuclear medicine procedure that visualizes various tissues and organs after administration of a radionuclide
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reduction
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procedure that restores a bone to its normal position
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closed reduction
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reduction where fractured bones are realigned by manipulation rather than surgery
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open reduction
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reduction procedure that treats bone fractures by using surgery to place them in proper position
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casting
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application of a stiff, solid dressing formed wth plaster of paris or other material to a body part to immobilize it during healing
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splinting
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application of an orthpedic device to an injured body part for immobilization, stabilization, and protection during the healing process
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traction
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use of weights and pulleys to align or immobilize a fracture and facilitate healing
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amputation
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partial or complete removal of an extremity due to trauma or circulatory disease
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arthrocentisis
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puncture of and removal of fluid from a joint cavity
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arthroclasia
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surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement
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arthroscopy
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Visual examination of the interior of a joint performed by inserting an endoscope through a small incision
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bone grafting
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implanting or transplanting bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as replacement for damaged or missing bone tissue
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bursectomy
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excision of a bursa (padlike sac or cavity found in connective tissue, usually in the vicinity of the joints)
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laminectomy
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Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra
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revision surgery
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Surgery repeated to correct problems of previously unsuccessful surgeries or replace a worn out prosthesis
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sequestrectomy
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excising a segment of necrosed bone (sequestrum)
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synovectomy
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excision of the synovial membrane
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total hip replacement
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surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis
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chondrosarcoma
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cartilaginous sarcoma (Learning Activity term)
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comminuted fracture
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bone splintered to pieces (Learning Activity term)
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Ewing sarcoma
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type of sarcoma that attacks the shafts rather than the ends of long bones (Learning Activity term)
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gout
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metabolic disease caused by accumulation of uric acid, usually in the big toe (Learning Activity term)
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greenstick fracture
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bone that is partially bent and partially broken, occurs in children (Learning Activity term)
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muscular dystrophy
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disease causing degeneration of muscles (Learning Activity term)
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myasthenia gravis
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chronic neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness manifested in ocular muscles (Learning Activity term)
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talipes
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congenital deformity of the foot, which is twisted out of shape or position (Learning Activity term)
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spondylitis
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inflammation of the vertebrae (Learning Activity term)
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sequestrum
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part of dead or necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue (Learning Activity term)
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spondylolisthesis
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slipped vertebrae (Learning Activity term)
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pyogenic
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formation of pus (Learning Activity term)
