Medical Terminology Ch. 2: Body Structure, Color, and Oncology – Flashcards
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What is a cell?
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basic unit of all life
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What is a tissue?
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group of similar cells that perform a specific function
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What tissue conducts impulses to and from the brain. Is found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain. Is responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities?
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nervous tissue
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What tissue produces movement? Has the special ability to contract?
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muscle tissue
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What tissue connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures?
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connective tissue
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What are two examples of connective tissue?
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osseous (bone) Adipose (fat)
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What does epithelial tissue form?
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membranes that line body cavities and organs
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What tissue is found in the skin and lines the blood vessels?
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epithelial tissue
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What is an organ'?
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two or more kinds of tissue that together perform special body functions EX: the skin is an organ composed of epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve tissue.
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Body cavities contain _______________?
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organs
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The cranial cavity contain which organ?
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brain
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What is the space inside the skull called?
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cranial cavity
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The spinal cavity contain which organ?
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spinal cord
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The thoracic cavity (chest cavity) contains which organs?
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heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and mediastinal area
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The abdominal cavity contains which organs?
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stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, ureters
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The pelvic cavity contains which organs?
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urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of the small and large intestine, rectum
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Which cavities make up the ventral cavity?
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Thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic
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Which cavities form the dorsal cavity?
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Cranial and spinal
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What two cavities combine to form the abdominopelvic cavity?
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Abdominal and pelvic
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What is a system?
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a group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions EX: the cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Its function is to transport nutrients and oxygen to the cells and remove carbon dioxide and other waste products.
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The combining form aden/o means?
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gland
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The combining form cyt/o means?
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cell
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The combining form epitheli/o means?
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epithelium
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The combining form fibr/o means?
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fiber
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The combining form hist/o means?
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tissue
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The combining form kary/o means?
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nucleus
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The combining form lip/o means?
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fat
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The combining form neur/o means?
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nerve
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The combining form organ/o means?
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organ
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The combining form sarc/o means?
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flesh/connective tissue
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The combining form system/o means?
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system
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The combining form viscer/o means?
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internal organs
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The combining form My/o means?
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muscle
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The combining form cancer/o or carcin/o means?
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cancer
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The combining form eti/o means?
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cause (of a disease)
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The combining form gno/o means?
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knowledge
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The combining form iatr/o means?
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physican, medicine
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The combining form lei/o means?
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smooth
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The combining form onc/o means?
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tumor or mass
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The combining form path/o means?
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disease
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The combining form rhabd/o means?
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striated or rod-shaped
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The combining form somat/o means?
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body
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The combining form chlor/o means?
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green
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The combining form chrom/o means?
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color
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The combining form cyan/o means?
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blue
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The combining form erythr/o means?
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red
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The combining form leuk/o means?
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white
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The combining form melan/o means?
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black
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The combining form xanth/o means?
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yellow
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The prefix dia means?
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through or complete
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The prefix dys means?
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painful, abnormal, difficult, labored
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The prefix hyper means?
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above, excessive
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The prefix hypo means?
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below, deficient
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The prefix meta means?
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after, beyond, change
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The prefix neo means?
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new
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The prefix pro means?
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before
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The suffix cyte means?
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cell
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The suffix gen means?
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substance or agent that produces or causes
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The suffix genic means?
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originating, cause, producing
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The suffix logist means?
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one who studies and treats (specialist, physician)
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The suffix logy means?
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the study of
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The suffix megaly means?
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enlargement
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The suffix oid means?
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resembling
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The suffix oma means?
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tumor or swelling
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The suffix osis means?
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abnormal condition; increase
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The suffix pathy means?
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disease
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The suffix plasia means?
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development or growth
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The suffix plasm means?
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formation
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The suffix sarcoma means?
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malignant tumor
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The suffix stasis means?
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stoppage or slow down
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The suffix sis means?
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condition of
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The oncology word aden/o/carcin/oma means?
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carcenous tumor of glandular tissue -aden = gland -carcin = cancer -oma = tumor, swelling
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The oncology word aden/oma means?
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tumor composed of glandular tissue (benign) -aden = gland -oma = tumor, swelling
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The oncology word carcin/oma means?
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cancerous tumor (malignant) -carcin = cancer -oma = tumor, swelling
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The oncology word chlor/oma means?
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tumor of green color (malignant, arising from myeloid tissue) chlor = green oma = tumor, swelling
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The oncology word epithelioma means?
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tumor composed of epithelium (may be benign or malignant) -epitheli= epithelium (layer of cells forming the epidermis of skin) -oma = tumor, swelling
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The oncology word fibroma means?
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tumor composed of fiber (benign) -fibr = fiber -oma = tumor, swelling
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The oncology word leiomyoma means?
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tumor composed of smooth muscle (benign) lei = smooth my = muscle oma = tumor, swelling
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The oncology word fibrosarcoma means?
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malignant tumor composed of fiber -fibr = fiber -sarcoma = malignant tumor
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The oncology word lipoma means?
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tumor composed of fat (benign) lip = fat oma = tumor, swelling
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The oncology word leiomyosarcoma means?
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malignant tumor of smooth muscle lei = smooth my = muscle sarcoma = malignant tumor
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The oncology word liposarcoma means?
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malignant tumor of fat lip/o = fat sarcoma = malignant tumor
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The oncology word melanocarcinoma means?
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cancerous black tumor melan = black carcin = cancer oma - tumor, swelling
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The oncology word melanoma means?
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black tumor (primarily of the skin) -melan = black -oma = tumor, swelling
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The oncology word myoma means?
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tumor composed of muscle (benign) my = muscle oma = tumor, swelling
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The oncology word neoplasm means?
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new growth (of abnormal tissue or tumor) neo = new plasm = growth, substance, formation
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The oncology word neuroma means?
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tumor composed of nerve (benign) neur = nerve oma = tumor, swelling
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The oncology word rhabdomyoma means?
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tumor composed of striated muscle (benign) rhabd = rod shaped, striated my = muscle oma = tumor, swelling
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The oncology word rhabdomyosarcoma means?
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malignant tumor of striated muscle rhabd = rod-shaped, striated my = muscle sarcoma = malignant tumor
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The oncology word sarcoma means?
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tumor of connective tissue (highly malignant) Sarc = connective tissue Oma = tumor
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What does cyt/o/genic mean?
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producing cells cyt = cell genic = producing, originating, causing
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What does cyt/oid mean?
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resembling a cell cyt = cell oid = resembling
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What does cyt/o/logy mean?
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The study of cells cyt = cell logy = study of
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What does cyt/o/plasm mean?
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the substance within the cell cyt = cell plasm = growth, substance, formation
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What does dys/plasia mean?
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abnormal growth dys = abnormal, difficult, labored plasia = growth, development
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What does epitheli/al mean?
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pertaining to the epithelium epitheli - epithelium (skin) al = pertaining to
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What does erythr/o/cyte (RBC) mean?
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red (blood) cell erythr = red cyte = cell
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What does erythr/o/cyt/osis mean?
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abnormal increase in the number of red (blood) cells erythr = red cyt = cell osis = abnormal condition
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What does hist/o/logy mean?
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study of tissue hist = tissue logy = study of
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What does hyper/plasia mean?
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excessive growth (of an organ or tissue) hyper = above, excessive plasia = growth, development
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What does hypoplasia mean?
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incomplete development (of an organ or tissue) hypo = below, incomplete, deficient plasia = growth, development
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What does karyocyte mean?
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cell with a nucleus kary = nucleus cyte = cell
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What does karyoplasm mean?
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substances of a nucleus kary = nucleus plasm = growth, substance, formation
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What does leuk/o/cyte mean?
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White (blood) cell Leuk = white Cyte = cell
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What does leuk/o/cyt/osis mean?
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Increase in the number of white (blood) cells leuk = white cyt = cell osis = abnormal condition
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What does lip/oid mean?
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resembling fat lip = fat oid - resembling
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What does my/o/pathy mean?
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disease of muscle my = muscle pathy = disease
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What does organ/o/megaly mean?
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Enlargement of an organ
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What does somat/ic mean?
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pertaining to the body somat = body ic = pertaining to
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What does system/ic mean?
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pretaining to a (body) system system = system ic = pertaining to
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What does viscer/al mean?
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pertaining to the internal organs viscer = internal organs al = pertaining to
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What does abbreviation CA mean?
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cancer
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What does abbreviation chemo mean?
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chemotherapy
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What does abbreviation Dx mean?
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diagnosis
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What does abbreviation mets mean?
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Metastases (where the tumour has spread to secondary sites)
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What does abbreviation Px mean?
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prognosis
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What does abbreviation XRT mean?
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radiotherapy
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What is the largest structure within a cell?
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nucleus
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_____________contains chromosomes?
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nucleus
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Chromosome is derived from the Greek words chromos and soma. What does chromos mean? What does soma mean?
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-meanning color -meaning body
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The boundary of a cell is called?
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cell membrane
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Gel-like fluid inside the cell. Contains everything within the cells except the nucleus?
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cytoplasm
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There are 46 _______________ in human cells except for mature sex cell, which has 23?
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chromosomes
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______________are located inside chromosomes, which are located in the cell nucleus. Determine hereditary characteristics?
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genes
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Each gene is composed of DNA. What is DNA?
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a genetic material that regulates the activities of the cell
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______________is the complete set of genes for the entire cells of a specific organism? Genomics is the study of the genome and its products and interactions
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genome
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_____________is the study of the genome and its products and interactions?
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genomics
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_________________ is the study of the genome and how it can be used in the cause, treatment, and prevention of disease. Will alter twenty-first century medicine?
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Medical genomics
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__________________is any therapeutic procedure in which genes are intentionally introduced into human body cells to achieve gene repair, gene suppression, or gene addition.
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Gene therapy
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The term meaning absence of signs of disease is?
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remission
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An increase in the severity of symptoms is called?
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Exacerbation
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A condition of being deceased is called?
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morbidity
