Medical Term chap 18 Endocrine System – Flashcards
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What is the function of the thyroid gland?
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secretes thyroxine
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What is another name for the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
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Adenohypophysis
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Which of the following secretes cortisol?
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adrenal cortex
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Which is a hormone secreted by the pancreas?
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insulin
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Which hormone regulates calcium in the blood and bones?
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parathyroid hormone
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Which hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete hormones?
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Secretin
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Which is the example of an electrolyte?
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Sodium
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Which is an element that is present in thyroxine?
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Iodine
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Which is a hormone secreted by the ovary and adrenal cortex?
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estrogen
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Which is a description of gonadotropins?
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Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
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What is the term for excessive development of mammary tissue in a male?
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gynecomastia
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Kal/i is a combining for for which substance?
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Potassium
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Insulin deficiency or resistance leads to hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis?
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Diabetes mellitus
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A group of symptoms produced by excess of cortisol from the adrenal cortex
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cushing syndrome
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Advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood
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myxedema
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post-puberty hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland
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acromegaly
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thyrotoxicosis; hypersecretion of the thyroid gland
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graves disease
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Which term means enlargement of the thyroid gland?
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goiter
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Exophthalmos is a symptom of which endocrine disorder?
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graves disease
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which is a description of tetany?
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constant muscle contraction
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Natr/o is the combining form for which substance?
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Sodium
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characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
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Little of no insulin produced
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Which of the following is associated with neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy?
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Secondary complication of diabetes mellitus
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Which is the description of achondroplasia?
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defective cartilage formation that affects bone growth
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Which is a description of a thyriod scan?
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Administration of radioactive compound and visualization with a scanner to detect tumors or nodules.
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Adrenal cortex
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Outer section of a gland above each kidney; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones
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Adrenal medulla
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inner section of a gland above each kidney; secretes epinephrine
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ovaries
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located in the lower abdomen of a female;responsible for egg cell production and estrogen secretion
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pancreas
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located beind the stomach; alpha and beta islet cells secrete hormones
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parathyroid glands
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four small glands on the posterior side of the thyroid gland
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pituitary gland
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Located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica;hypophysis
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testes
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Two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male
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thyroid gland
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Located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine
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Adrenaline(Epinephrine)
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Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure
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Adrencorticotropic hormone( ACTH)
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Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates secretions of the adrenal cortex
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aldosterone
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Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt reabsorption
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androgen
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Male hormone secreted by the testes
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; vasopressin
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calcitonin
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Secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels
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cortisol
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Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar
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estradiol
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Female hormone secreted by the ovaries
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follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
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Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries
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glucagon
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Secreted by the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen to glucose
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Growth Hormone (somatotropin)
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Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues
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Insulin
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Secreted by the beta islet cells of the pancreas; lowers blood sugar
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luteinizing hormone
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Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates ovulation
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oxytocin
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Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth
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parathormone
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Secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium
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prolactin
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Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes milk secretion
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testosterone
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Male hormone secreted by the testes
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thyroid stimulating hormone
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Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates secretion by the thyroid gland
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progesterone
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Secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy
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thyroxine
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Secreted by the thyroid gland; increases metabolism in cells
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Catecholamines
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Hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla
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corticosteroids
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Steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex; cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones are examples
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electrolyte
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Mineral sal fround in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; Potassium is an example
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homeostasis
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Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment
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hypothalamus
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Region of the brain lying below the thalamus; secretes factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland
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glucocorticord
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Steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat and protein metabolism
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mineralocorticord
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Steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates mineral salts and water balance
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sella turcica
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Cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland
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sympathomimetic
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Mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system; adrenaline is an example
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target tissue
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Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones
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Addison disease
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Hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex
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adrenal virilism
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Excessive secretion of adrenal gland androgens
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cretinism
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Extreme hypothyroidism during infancy and childhood
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cushing syndrome
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Group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex
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Hyperparathyroidism
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Excessive production of parathormone
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hyperthyroidism
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Overactivity of the thyroid gland(thyrotoxicosis)
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Hypoparathyroidism
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Deficient production of parathyroid hormone(Tetany results)
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myxedema
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Advanced hypothyroidism in adults
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pheochromocytoma
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Benign tumor of the adrenal medulla
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thyroid carcinoma
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Cancer of the thyroid gland(papillary and follicular are types)
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acromegaly
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Hypersecretion of the anterior pituitary beginning after puberty
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diabetes insipidus
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Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
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diabetes mellitus
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Lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin to promote sugar, starch and fat(carbohydrate) metabolism in cells
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dwarfism
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Congenital hyposeretion of growth hormone
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gigantism
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Hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary beginning before puberty
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hyperinsulinism
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Excess secretion of insulin leads to hypoglycemia
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panhypopituitarism
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deficiency of all pituitary hormones
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Syndrome of inappropriate ADH
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Excess secretion of antidiuretic hormone
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exopthalmometry
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Measurement of eyeball protrusion (sign of graves disease)
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Fasting plasma glucose
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measures circulating glucose levels in patients who have fasted for at least 8 hours
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radioactive iodine uptake scan
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Radioactive iodine is given orally and its uptake by the thyroid gland is imaged
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serum and urine tests
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Hormones, electrolytes, glucose and other substances are measured in blood and urine
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thyroid function tests
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Measurement of T3, T4 and TSH in the blood stream
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thyroid scan
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device detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid scan after IV administration of radioactive technetium compound
