Med Terms Chapter 10b – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
angioplasty
answer
surgical repair of a blood vessel
question
atherectomy
answer
excision of fatty plaque (from a blocked artery using a specialized catheter and a rotary cutter)
question
endarterectomy
answer
excision within the artery (excision of plaque from the arterial wall)
question
pericardiocentesis
answer
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the sac surrounding the heart
question
phlebectomy
answer
excision of a vein
question
phlebotomy
answer
incision into a vein
question
valvuloplasty
answer
surgical repair of a valve
question
splenectomy
answer
excision of the spleen
question
splenopexy
answer
surgical fixation of the spleen
question
thymectomy
answer
excision of the thymus gland
question
aneurysmectomy
answer
surgical excision of an aneurysm
question
atrial fibrillation ablation
answer
procedure in which abnormal cells that trigger atrial fibrillation are destroyed by using a device that heats or freezes the cells
question
cardiac pacemaker
answer
battery-powered apparatus implanted under the skin with leads placed on the heart or in the chamber of the heart used to treat an abnormal heart rhythm, usually one that is too slow, secondary to an abnormal sinus node
question
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
answer
surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to heart muscle by detouring around blocked arteries
question
coronary stent
answer
supportive scaffold device placed in the coronary artery; used to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherectomy; used to treat an artery occluded by plaque
question
embolectomy
answer
surgical removal of an embolus or clot usually with a balloon catheter, inflating the balloon beyond the clot, then pulling the balloon back to the incision and bring the clot with it
question
femoropopliteal bypass
answer
surgery to establish an alternate route from femoral artery to popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction
question
implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD)
answer
device implanted in the body that continuously monitors the heart rhythm. If life-threatening arrhythmias occur, the device delivers an electric shock to convert the arrhythmia back to a normal rhythm
question
intracoronary thrombolytic therapy
answer
injection of a medication either intravenously or intraarterially to dissolve blood clots in the coronary arteries before they become hardened. It is often used in emergency departments for acute myocardial infarction
question
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
answer
procedure in which a balloon is passed through a blood vessel into a coronary artery to the area where plaque is formed. Inflation of the balloon compresses the plaque against the vessel wall, expanding the inner diameter of the blood vessel, which allows the blood to circulate more freely
question
bone marrow aspiration
answer
procedure to aspirate a sample of the liquid portion of the bone marrow, usually from the ilium, for study; used to diagnose, stage, and monitor disease and condition of blood cells
question
bone marrow biopsy
answer
procedure to obtain a sample of bone marrow, usually from the ilium, for study; used to diagnose, stage, and monitor disease and condition of blood cells
question
bone marrow transplant
answer
infusion of healthy bone marrow cells to a recipient with matching cells from a donor
question
angiography
answer
radiographic imaging of blood vessels
question
angioscope
answer
instrument used for visual examination of a blood vessel
question
angioscopy
answer
visual examination of a blood vessel
question
aortogram
answer
radiographic image of the aorta
question
arteriogram
answer
radiographic image of an artery
question
venogram
answer
radiographic image of a vein
question
echocardiogram (ECHO)
answer
record of the heart (structure and motion) using sound (used to detect valvular disease and evaluate heart disease)
question
electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)
answer
record of the electrical activity of the heart
question
electrocardiograph
answer
instrument used to record the electrical activity of the heart
question
electrocardiography
answer
process of recording the electrical activity of the heart
question
digital subtraction angiography (DSA)
answer
process of digital radiographic imaging of the blood vessels that subtracts or removes structures not being studied
question
doppler ultrasound
answer
study that uses high-frequency sound waves for detection of blood flow within the vessels; used to assess intermittent claudication, deep vein thrombosis, and other blood flow abnormalities
question
exercise stress test
answer
study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress by riding a bike or walking on a treadmill. Electrocardiograph, echocardiography, and nuclear medicine scanning are three types of stress tests performed to measure cardiac function while exercising
question
single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
answer
nuclear medicine scan that visualizes that heart from several different angles, producing 3D images; used to assess damage to cardiac tissue
question
thallium test
answer
nuclear medicine test used to diagnose coronary artery disease and assess revascularization after coronary artery bypass surgery. ____, a radioactive isotope, is taken up by normal myocardial cells, but not in ischemia or infarction. These areas are identified as "cold" spots on the images produced. ____ testing can be performed when the patient is at rest or it can be part of a stress test.
question
transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)
answer
ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus, which provides views of the heart structures
question
cardiac catheterization
answer
diagnostic procedure performed by passing a catheter into the heart through a blood vessel to examine the condition of the heart and surround blood vessels; used to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as coronary artery disease
question
impedance plethysmography (IPG)
answer
measures venous flow of the extremities with a plethysmograph to detect clots by measuring changes in blood volume and resistance in the vein; used to detect deep vein thrombosis
question
blood pressure (BP)
answer
pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls. A ____ _____ measurement written as systolic pressure (120) and diastolic pressure (80) is commonly recorded as 120/80
question
pulse
answer
rhythmic expansion of an artery, created by the contraction of the heart, that can be felt with a fingertip. The pulse is most commonly felt over the radial artery; however, the pulsations can be felt her a number of sites, including the femoral and carotid arteries
question
sphygmomanometer
answer
device used for measuring blood pressure
question
C-reactive protein (CRP)
answer
blood test to measure the amount of _____ _______ in the blood, which, when elevated, indicates inflammation in the body. It is sometimes used in assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease
question
creating phosphokinase (CPK)
answer
blood test used to measure the level of _____ ______, an enzyme of heart and skeletal muscle released into the blood after muscle injury or necrosis. The test is useful in evaluating patients with acute myocardial infarction
question
homocysteine
answer
blood test used to measure the amount of ______ in the blood. _____ is an amino acid that, if elevated, may indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease
question
lipid profile
answer
blood test used to measure the amount and type of lipids in a sample of blood. The test is used to evaluate the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and to monitor therapy of existing disease. Result provide levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglycerides
question
troponin
answer
blood test that measures _____, a heart muscle enzyme. _______ are released into the blood approximately 3 hours after necrosis of the heart muscle and may remain elevated from 7 to 10 days. The test is useful in the diagnosis of a myocardial infarction
question
coagulation time
answer
blood test to determine the time it takes for blood to form a clot
question
complete blood count (CBC) and differential count (Diff)
answer
laboratory test for basic blood, screening that measures various aspects of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets; this automated test quickly provides a tremendous amount of information about the blood
question
hematocrit (HCT)
answer
blood test to measure the volume of erythrocytes. It is used in the diagnosis and evaluation of anemic patients
question
hemoglobin (Hgb)
answer
blood test used to determine the concentration of oxygen-carrying components in erythrocytes
question
prothrombin time (PT)
answer
blood test used to determine certain coagulation activity defects and monitor anticoagulation therapy for patients taking Coumadin, an oral anticoagulant medication
question
atrioventricular (AV)
answer
pertaining to the atrium and ventricle
question
cardiac
answer
pertaining to the heart
question
cardiogenic
answer
originating in the heart
question
cardiologist
answer
physician who studies and treats diseases of the heart
question
cardiology
answer
study of the heart
question
hypothermia
answer
condition of body temperature that is below normal
question
intravenous (IV)
answer
pertaining to within the vein
question
phlebologist
answer
physician who studies and treats diseases of the veins
question
phlebology
answer
study of veins
question
hematologist
answer
physician who studies and treats diseases of the blood
question
hematology
answer
study of the blood
question
hematopoiesis
answer
formation of blood (cells)
question
hemolysis
answer
dissolution of (red) blood (cells)
question
hemostasis
answer
stoppage of bleeding
question
myelopoiesis
answer
formation of bone marrow
question
plasmapheresis
answer
removal of plasma
question
thrombolysis
answer
dissolution of a clot
question
bruit
answer
abnormal vascular sound heard through auscultation, caused by turbulent blood flow through arteries or veins. Cardiovascular system abnormalities, such as aneurysm, create a distinctive _______. ______ may occur in numerous sites throughout the body where blood flow or body system functioning is abnormal
question
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
answer
emergency procedure consisting of external cardiac compressions and artificial ventilation
question
defibrillation
answer
application of an electric shock to the myocardium through the chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm
question
diastole
answer
phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles relax and fill with blood between contractions (lower number of BP)
question
extracorporeal
answer
occurring outside the body; during open-heart surgery _____ circulation occurs when blood is diverted outside the body to a heart-lung machine
question
extravasation
answer
escape of blood from the blood vessel into the tissue
question
fibrillation
answer
rapid, quivering, noncoordinated contractions of the atria and ventricles
question
hypercholesterolemia
answer
excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood, associated with heightened risk of cardiovascular disease
question
hyperlipidemia
answer
excessive amount of fats in the blood
question
hypertension
answer
blood pressure that is above normal (greater than 140/90)
question
hypertriglyceridemia
answer
excessive amount of triglycerides in the blood; associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease
question
hypotension
answer
blood pressure that is below normal (less than 90/60)
question
lipids
answer
fats and fatlike substances that serve as a source of fuel in the body and are an important constituent of cell structure
question
lumen
answer
space within a tubular part or organ, such as the space within a blood vessel
question
murmur
answer
abnormal cardiac sound heart through auscultation, caused by turbulent blood flow through the heart. ____ are short-duration sounds heard in the cardiac region that are distinct from normal heart sounds. Heart valve defects, such as mitral valve stenosis, create a distinctive _____
question
occlude
answer
to close tightly, to block
question
systole
answer
phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles contact and eject blood (upper number of a blood pressure reading
question
vasoconstrictor
answer
agent or nerve that narrows the blood vessels
question
vasodilator
answer
agent or nerve that enlarges the blood vessels
question
venipuncture
answer
procedure used to puncture a vein with a needle to remove blood, instill a medication, or start an intravenous infusion
question
anticoagulant
answer
agent that slows the blood clotting process
question
blood dyscrasia
answer
abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood
question
hemorrhage
answer
rapid loss of blood, as in bleeding
question
allergen
answer
environmental substance capable of producing an immediate hypersensitivity in the body such as house dust, pollen, animal dander, and various foods
question
allergist
answer
physician who studies and treats allergic conditions
question
allergy
answer
hypersensitivity to a substance, resulting in an inflammatory immune response
question
anaphylaxis
answer
exaggerate, life-threatening reaction to a previously encountered antigen such as bee venom, peanuts, or latex. Symptoms range from mild, with patients experiencing hives or sneezing, to severe symptoms such as drop in blood pressure and blockage of the airway, which can lead to death
question
antibody
answer
substance produced by lymphocytes that inactivated or destroys antigens
question
antigen
answer
substance that triggers and immune response when introduced into the body such as transplant tissue, toxins, and infectious organisms
question
autoimmune disease
answer
disease caused by the body's inability to distinguish its own cells from foreign bodies, thus producing antibodies that attack its own tissues such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematous are examples of autoimmune diseases
question
immune
answer
being resistant to specific invading pathogens
question
immunodeficiency
answer
deficient immune response caused by the immune system dysfunction brought on by disease or immunosuppressive drugs
question
immunologist
answer
physician who studies and treats immune system disorders
question
immunology
answer
the branch of medicine dealing with immune system disorders
question
phagocytosis
answer
process in which some of the white blood cells destroy the invading microorganism and old cells
question
vaccine
answer
suspension of inactivated microorganisms administered by injection, mouth, or nasal spray to prevent infectious diseases by inducing immunity
question
ACS
answer
acute coronary syndrome
question
AFib
answer
atrial fibrillation
question
AV
answer
atrioventricular
question
BP
answer
blood pressure
question
CABG
answer
coronary artery bypass graft
question
CAD
answer
coronary artery disease
question
CBC and Diff
answer
complete blood count and differential
question
CCU
answer
coronary care unit
question
CPK
answer
creatine phosphokinase
question
CPR
answer
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
question
CRP
answer
C-reactive protein
question
DSA
answer
digital subtraction angiography
question
DVT
answer
deep vein thrombosis
question
ECG, EKG
answer
electrocardiogram
question
ECHO
answer
echocardiogram
question
Hct
answer
hematocrit
question
HF
answer
heart failure
question
Hgb
answer
hemoglobin
question
HHD
answer
hypertensive heart disease
question
ICD
answer
implantable cardiac defibrillator
question
IPG
answer
impedance plethysmography
question
IV
answer
intravenous
question
MI
answer
myocardial infarction
question
PAD
answer
peripheral arterial disease
question
PT
answer
prothrombin time
question
PTCA
answer
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
question
RBC
answer
red blood cell
question
SPECT
answer
single-photon emission computed tomography
question
TEE
answer
transesophageal echocardiogram
question
WBC
answer
white blood cell
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New