Massage: From Ancient China to Modern America

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Chinese Massage
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Amma
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Japanese Massage
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Tsubo
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Modern Chinese Massage
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Tuina
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Book written in India
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The Ayurveda
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James Cyriax
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Father of orthopedic medicine, developed Deep Transverse Friction
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Celsus
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Roman physician who wrote De Medicina
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Per Henrik Ling
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Developed Medical Gymnastics
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Douglas Graham
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Popularized the word "massage" in America
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Johann Mezger
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Developed terminology for the massage strokes, based in French
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Charles Taylor
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Introduced Medical Gymnastics to the United States
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Emil Vodder
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Developed Lymphatic Drainage
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Dolores Krieger
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Developed Therapeutic Touch
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Effleurage
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Gliding strokes directed towards the heart
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Petrissage
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Kneading strokes
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Friction
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Strokes that move across tissue
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Tapotement
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Percussion strokes
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Vibration
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Strokes that consist of shaking or trembling actions
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Nerve Stroke
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Extremely light form of effleurage
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Active Joint Movement
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Client performs an action without assistance from the massage therapist
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Active Assistive Joint Movement
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Client performs an action with assistance from the massage therapist
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Passive Joint Movement
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Massage therapist performs a joint movement with the client completely relaxed
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Resistive Joint Movement
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Client resists joint movement performed by the massage therapist
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Stretch
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Elongating a muscle
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Unassisted Stretch
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Client stretches without assistance from the massage therapist
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Assisted Stretch
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Client stretches with assistance from the massage therapist
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Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)
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Stretch where body part is moved to resistance, followed by an isometric contraction by the client, then the client relaxes, and the stretch is moved further
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Soft End Feel
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Stoppage of range-of-motion due to tissues such as muscle pulling back on the joint
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Hard End Feel
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Stoppage of range-of-motion due to tissues such as bone preventing a joint from moving further
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Empty End Feel
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Stoppage of range-of-motion due to trauma to a joint
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Assessment
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An evaluation of the client, primarily done before a massage session
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Gait analysis
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Analyzing a person based on walking pattern
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Endangerment Site
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An area of the body that massage may be performed on, but warrants caution
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Local Contraindication
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An area of the body that may not be massaged
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Absolute Contraindication
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A condition that prohibits the use of massage therapy in any way
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Draping
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Using linens to keep a client covered during a massage
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Top Cover
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The linen placed atop the client, which acts as the drape
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Bolster(Supine)
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Bolster should be placed under the knees
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Bolster(Prone)
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Bolster should be placed under the ankles
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Bolster(Side-Lying)
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Bolster should be placed between the legs and arms, and under the head
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Bolster(Semi-reclined)
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Bolster should be placed under the knees and behind the head
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Proper Body Mechanics
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Back straight, knees slightly flexed, stacked joints, massage table at proper height
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Bow Stance
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Feet placed parallel to massage table
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Archer Stance
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Feet placed parallel to massage table
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Horse Stance
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Feet placed perpendicular to massage table
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Warrior Stance
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Feet placed perpendicular to massage table
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Aromatherapy
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Using essential oils in a treatment, affects the brain's limbic system
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Craniosacral Therapy
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Releasing blockages in the flow of fluid between the cranium and the sacrum
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John Upledger
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Developed Craniosacral Therapy
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Deep Tissue
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Massaging deeper layers of tissue
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Hot Stone
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Using heating stones in a massage session
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Hydrotherapy
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The use of water in any form during a treatment
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Contrast Bath
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Bath utilizing both hot and cold water, which should always end in immersion in cold water
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Vichy Shower
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Equipment featuring seven shower heads
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Lomi Lomi
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Hawaiian massage
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Lymphatic Drainage
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Technique used to increase circulation of lymph
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Myofascial Release
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Treating restrictions between fascia and muscles
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John Barnes
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Developed Myofascial Release
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Pregnancy Massage
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Massage for pregnant clients
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Reflexology
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Treating reflex points on the hands, feet, and ears that correspond to other tissues or organs
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Reiki
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Energy work that usually utilizes aura strokes
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Rolfing
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Structural realignment therapy, brings the body back to a vertical axis
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Ida Rolf
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Developed Rolfing
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Sports Massage
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Massage for athletes
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Pre-event Sports Massage
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Sports massage utilizing invigorating strokes, including tapotement
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Swedish Massage
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Most common massage modality in the west, focuses on relaxation
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Post-event Sports Massage
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Sports massage utilizing more relaxing, calming massage strokes
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Thai Massage
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Stretching technique performed on a mat, on the floor, with the client clothed
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Certification
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Credential obtained by completing a course in a school setting
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License
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Jurisdictional requirement used to regulate the practice of massage therapy
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Reciprocity
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A license in one jurisdiction being recognized as valid in another jurisdiction
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General Liability Insurance
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Covers the massage therapist in cases such as accidental falls by the client that results in injury
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Professional Liability Insurance
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Covers the massage therapist in cases such as negligence or malpractice lawsuits
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Subjective
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Section of SOAP notes documenting anything the client details about themselves during a session
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Objective
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Section of SOAP notes documenting techniques and strokes used during a session
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Observation
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Section of SOAP notes documenting any visually identifiable information seen by the massage therapist
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Assessment
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Section of SOAP notes documenting any changes in the client due to the massage session
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Plan
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Section of SOAP notes documenting any recommendations given to the client by the massage therapist for between sessions
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Client Files
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Should be kept for up to six years, per the IRS
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Ethics
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Guiding moral principles
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Boundaries
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Limitations set by the massage therapist or client
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Confidentiality
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Keeping client information private and protected
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HIPAA
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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
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Privacy Rule
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Allows information to be transferred between healthcare providers
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Open-Ended Question
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Type of question used when asking for detailed feedback
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Close-Ended Question
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Type of question used when looking for a yes-or-no response only
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Transference
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A client viewing a massage therapist similarly to a person in their personal life
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Counter-Transference
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A massage therapist developing an emotional attachment to a client
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Self Disclosure
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The client detailing information about themselves
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Denial
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Refusal to acknowledge a given situation
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Displacement
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Satisfying an impulse by substitution
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Projection
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Placing one's own internal feelings onto someone else
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Regression
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Taking a step back emotionally when faced with stress
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Repression
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Subconsciously blocking out unwanted emotions
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Independent Contractor
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A person who signs a contract to work for a person or business, receiving no benefits
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Sole Proprietorship
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A business owned by one person
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Partnership
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A business owned by two or more people
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S Corporation
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A corporation that passes income and taxes onto its shareholders
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1099
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Issued to independent contractors
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Schedule C
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Filed by sole proprietors
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Schedule K-1
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Filed by partnership members
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Profit and Loss Statement
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Details income and expenses for a business
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Gift Taxes
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No more than $25 may be deducted per client per year
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