Mastering Micro Chapter 5 – Flashcards

1) A strictly fermentative bacterium produces energy

2) If a cell is starved for ATP, which of the following pathways would most likely be shut down

How would a noncompetitive inhibitor interfere with a reaction involving the enzyme shown in Figure 5.3? Select one: a. It would bind to a. b. It would bind to b. c. It would bind to c. d. It would bind to d. e. Can't tell.

How is ATP generated in the reaction shown in Figure 5.4? Select one: a. Glycolysis b. Fermentation c. Photophosphorylation d. Oxidative phosphorylation e. Substrate-level phosphorylation

5) Assume you are working for a chemical company and are responsible for growing a yeast culture that produces ethanol. The yeasts are growing well on the maltose medium but are not producing alcohol. What is the most likely explanation? A) The maltose is toxic. B) O2 is in the medium. C) Not enough protein is provided . D) The temperature is too low. E) The temperature is too high

6) In noncyclic photophosphorylation, O2 is released from A) C₆H₁₂O₆ B) chlorophyll. C) sunlight. D) H₂O E) CO₂.

7) Cyanobacteria are a type of A) chemoheterotroph. B) photoautotroph. C) chemoautotroph. D) photoheterotroph.

An enzyme, citrate synthase, in the Krebs cycle is inhibited by ATP. This is an example of all of the following EXCEPT A) allosteric inhibition. B) feedback inhibition. C) competitive inhibition D) noncompetitive inhibition

Which of the following statements regarding the glycolysis pathway is FALSE? A) Two molecules of water are generated. B) Two pyruvate molecules are generated. C) Two NADH molecules are generated. D) Four ATP molecules are generated via substrate-level phosphorylation. E) One molecule of ATP is expended.

In Figure 5.8, where is ATP produced? Select one: a. a b. b c. c d. d e. e

The graph at the left in Figure 5.7 shows the reaction rate for an enzyme at its optimum temperature. Which graph shows enzyme activity at a higher temperature? Select one: a. a b. b c. c d. d e. e

What is the fate of pyruvic acid in an organism that uses aerobic respiration? Select one: a. It is reduced to lactic acid. b. It is oxidized in the Krebs cycle. c. It is oxidized in the electron transport chain. d. It is catabolized in glycolysis. e. It is reduced in the Krebs cycle.

Gallionella bacteria can get energy from the reaction: Fe 2+ → Fe3+. This reaction is an example of A) Oxidation. B) Reduction. C) Fermentation. D) Photophosphorylation. E) The Calvin-Benson cycle.

The advantage of the pentose phosphate pathway is that it produces all of the following except A) Precursors for nucleic acids. B) Precursors for the synthesis of glucose. C) Three ATPs. D) NADPH. E) Precursors for the synthesis of amino acids

What is the fate of pyruvic acid in an organism that uses aerobic respiration? A) It is reduced to lactic acid. B) It reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate. C) It is converted into acetyl CoA. D) It is catabolized in glycolysis. E) It is oxidized in the electron transport chain.

Which of the following statements about beta oxidation is FALSE? A) It is a method of catabolizing fatty acids. B) It involves the formation of acetyl-CoA. C) It involves the formation of 2-carbon units. D) It is a step in glycolysis. E) It is used in petroleum degradation.

C6H12O6(Glucose) ----Saccharomyces---> 2C2H5OH (Ethanol) + 2CO2 Which of the following is true about this reaction? A) This process requires O2. B) This process occurs anaerobically.

Which of the following statements about anaerobic respiration is FALSE? A) It involves the reduction of an organic final electron acceptor. B) The complete Kreb's cycle is utilized. C) It yields lower amounts of ATP when compared to aerobic respiration. D) It generates ATP. E) It requires cytochromes.

In Figure 5.8, the structure labeled "1" is a. NAD+. b. ATP synthase. c. Plasma membrane. d. Cell wall. e. Cytoplasm.

Which of the following compounds is NOT an enzyme? a) cellulase b) Beta-galactosidase c) coenzyme A d) sucrase e) dehydrogenase

Which organism is NOT correctly matched to its energy source? A) chemoautotroph-NH³ B) chemoautotroph - Fe²⁺ C) photoautotroph - CO₂ D) photoheterotroph - light E) chemoheterotroph - glucose

Which of the following is the best definition of oxidative phosphorylation? A) Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to an organic compound. B) A proton gradient allows hydrogen ions to flow back into the cells through transmembrane protein channels, releasing energy that is used to generate ATP. C) Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to O2. D) ATP is directly transferred from a substrate to ADP.

Which of the following uses glucose for carbon and energy? A) chemoheterotroph B) photoautotroph C) photoheterotroph D) chemoautotroph

In Figure 5.8, the path labeled "2" is the flow of

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is FALSE? A) It occurs in glycolysis. B) The oxidation of intermediate metabolic compounds releases energy that is used to generate ATP. C) It involves the direct transfer of a high-energy phosphate group from an intermediate metabolic compound to ADP. D) No final electron acceptor is required. E) It occurs in the Krebs cycle.

What is the most acidic place in Figure 5.8? Select one: a. a b. b c. c d. d e. e

Assume you are growing bacteria on a lipid medium that started at pH 7. The action of bacterial lipases should cause the pH of the medium to Select one: a. Increase. b. Decrease. c. Stay the same.

A urease test is used to identify Myobacterium tuberculosis because Select one: a. Urease is a sign of tuberculosis. b. M. tuberculosis produces urease. c. Urea accumulates during tuberculosis. d. Some bacteria reduce nitrate ion. e. M. bovis can cause tuberculosis.

Which of the following is NOT necessary for respiration? Select one: a. Cytochromes b. Flavoproteins c. A source of electrons d. Oxygen e. Quinones

28) Which of the following statements regarding metabolism is FALSE? A) Anabolic reactions are degradative. B) Heat may be released in both anabolic and catabolic reactions. C) ATP is formed in catabolic reactions. D) ADP is formed in anabolic reactions.

29) A bacterial culture grown in a glucose-peptide medium causes the pH to increase. The bacteria are most likely A) Fermenting the glucose. B) Oxidizing the glucose. C) Using the peptides. D) Not growing.

Which of the following statements regarding the Entner-Doudoroff pathway is TRUE? A) It involves the pentose phosphate pathway. B) NADH is generated. C) ATP is generated. D) It involves glycolysis. E) NADH and ATP are generated.

Which compound is being reduced in the reaction shown in Figure 5.1? Select one: a. Isocitric acid and -ketoglutaric acid b. -ketoglutaric acid and NAD+ c. NAD+ d. NADH e. NADH and isocitric acid

Microorganisms that catabolize sugars into ethanol and hydrogen gas would be categorized as A) alcohol fermenters. B) anaerobic respirers. C) aerobic respirers. D) homolactic fermenters. E) heterolactic fermenters.

Which one of the following would you predict is an allosteric inhibitor of the Krebs cycle enzyme, ketoglutarate dehydrogenase? A) Citric acid B) α-ketoglutaric acid C) NAD+ D) NADH E) All of the abo

Which of the following uses CO2 for carbon and H2 for energy? Select one: a. Chemoautotroph b. Chemoheterotroph c. Photoautotroph d. Photoheterotroph

What type of reaction is in Figure 5.2? Select one: a. Decarboxylation b. Transamination c. Dehydrogenation d. Oxidation e. Reduction

37) Fatty acids are oxidized in

Refer to Figure 5.8. In aerobic respiration, where is water formed? Select one: a. a b. b c. c d. d e. e

Which of the following has bacteriochlorophylls and uses alcohols for carbon? A) photoautotroph B) photoheterotroph C) chemoheterotroph D) chemoautotroph

Which of the graphs in Figure 5.5 best illustrates the activity of an enzyme that is saturated with substrte? Select one: a. a b. b c. c d. d e. e

Which statements are true? 1—Electron carriers are located at ribosomes. 2—ATP is a common intermediate between catabolic and anabolic pathways. 3—ATP is used for the long-term storage of energy and so is often found in storage granules. 4—Anaerobic organisms are capable of respiration. 5—ATP is generated by the flow of protons across the cell membrane .A) 2, 4, 5 B) 1, 3, 4 C) 2, 3, 5 D) 1, 2, 3 E) All

Which of the following statements about photophosphorylation is FALSE? A) Light liberates an electron from chlorophyll. B) It requires CO₂. C) Energy from oxidation reactions is used to generate ATP from ADP. D) Oxidation of carrier molecules releases energy. E) It occurs in photosynthesizing cells.

In green and purple bacteria, electrons to reduce CO2 come from Select one: a. CO2. b. H2O. c. C6H12O6. d. Sunlight. e. Chlorophyll.

Which of the following is the best definition of fermentation? A)complete catabolism of glucose to CO₂ and H₂O B) the partial reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid C) the partial oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors D) the production of energy by both substrate and oxidative phosphorylation E) production of energy by oxidative-level phosphorylation

45) The rates of O2 and glucose consumption by a bacterial culture are shown in Figure 5.6. Assume a bacterial culture was grown in a glucose medium without O2. Then O2 was added at the time marked X. The data indicate that

46) The pentose phosphate pathway can be characterized as an anabolic pathway.

47) Once an enzyme has converted substrates into products, the active site reverts back to its original form.

48) An apoenzyme that loses its coenzyme subunit will be non-functional.

49) The use of enzymes is necessary to increase the activation energy requirements of a chemical reaction.

50) In general, ATP is generated in catabolic pathways and expended in anabolic pathways.

51) Both respiration and photosynthesis require the use of an electron transport chain.

52)Catabolic reactions are generally degradative and hydrolytic.

53) Both respiration and photosynthesis use water molecules for the donation of hydrogen ions.

54) Glycolysis is utilized by cells in both respiration and fermentation.

55) Carbon fixation occurs during the light-independent phase of photosynthesis.

Substrate level phosphorylation

Catabolism

Anabolism

Fermentation

Chemoheterothroph

hemoautotroph

photoautotroph

photoheterotroph

apoenzyme

coenzyme

cofactor

holoenzyme

enzyme

catalyst

transformation

conjugation

DNA polymerase

Which of he following correctly matches enzyme components with their correct definition and/or function? 1- cofactors are the protein components of enzymes 2-coenzymes are the organic cofactors important to enxyme activity 3-apoenzymes are typically inorganic molecules, such as iron, zinc or magnesium 4- apoenzyme are the nonproteing component of an enzyme

which of the following terms refers to pathways that can function both in anabolism and catabolism homolatic fermentation pathways light-dependant pathways chemiosmotic pathways amphibolic pathways

Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? a. Aerobic respiration uses O2 as the final electron acceptor, whereas anaerobic respiration uses H2O. b. Anaerobic respiration uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor, and aerobic respiration uses either an inorganic molecule, such as nitrate ions or sulfate ions, or an organic molecule, such as an acid or alcohol. c. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor, and anaerobic respiration uses either an inorganic molecule, such as nitrate ions or sulfate ions, or an organic molecule, such as an acid or alcohol. d. Aerobic respiration uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor, and anaerobic respiration uses an inorganic molecule as the final electron acceptor.

Which statements are true? 1-electron carriers are located at ribosomes 2- atp is a common intermidiate between catabloci and anabolic pathways 3- atp is used for the long tern storage of energy and so is often found in storage granules 4-anaerobic organisms are capable of generation atp via respiration 5- atp can be generated by the flow of protons across protien channels

Which of the following is true concerning ribozymes? -Ribozymes have an active site and are not used up in chemical reactions. -Ribozymes act on a variety of substrates, such as sugar and proteins. -Ribozymes would be affected by all the same factors that influence other enzymes. -Ribozymes are protein molecules that behave as enzymes.

Researchers are developing a ribozyme that cleaves the HIV genome. This pharmaceutical agent could be described as -a competitive inhibitor for reverse transcriptase. -a hydrolase. -an RNA molecule capable of catalysis. -a protease inhibitor. -a genetic transposable element.

Which biochemical process is NOT used during glycolysis? -carbohydrate catabolism -oxidation-reduction -beta oxidation -substrate-level phosphorylation -enzymatic reactions