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Management Info Systems – Flashcards

Anthony Richie
8 July 2022
question
Invest in IT to achieve SIX important business objectives:
answer
i. OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE ii. NEW PRODUCTS, SERVICES AND BUSINESS MODELS iii. CUSTOMER AND SUPPLIER INTIMACY iv. IMPROVED DECISION MAKING v. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE vi. SURVIVAL
question
Information Technology
answer
THE HARDWARE, SOFTWARE AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT A BUSINESS USES TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES.
question
Information Systems
answer
SET OF INTERRELATED COMPONENTS THAT MANAGE INFORMATION TO i. Support decision making, coordination, and control ii. Help with analysis, visualization and product creation.
question
Activities for an Information System t hat Produces Information (Four)
answer
INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT FEEDBACK
question
Role of People and Organizations
answer
Information Systems Literacy Computer Literacy MIS
question
Business Processes
answer
related tasks and behaviors for accomplishing work. May be informal or include formal structure and rules (protocol)
question
Role of Managers
answer
i. Perceive business challenges ii. Set organizational strategy iii. Allocate human and financial resources iv. Creative work: new products and services
question
Problem Solving is a Continuous four-step Process
answer
1. Problem identification 2. Solution design 3. Solution evaluation and choice 4. Implementation
question
e. The role of Critical Thinking
answer
i. Involves sustained suspension of judgement with an awareness of multiple perspectives and alternatives. ii. Four elements of critical thinking: 1. Maintaining doubt and suspending judgement 2. Being aware of different perspectives 3. Testing alternatives and letting experience guide 4. Being aware of organizational and personal limitations.
question
Accounting
answer
i. Accountants increasingly rely on information systems to summarize transactions, create financial records, organize data, and perform financial analysis. ii. Skills: 1. Knowledge of databases and networks 2. Online financial transactions and reporting systems 3. How systems are used to achieve accounting functions
question
Finance
answer
i. The relationship between information systems and financial management and services is so strong that many advice finance majors to double major in information systems. ii. Skills: 1. Use systems for financial reporting, direct investment activities, implement cash management strategies 2. Plan, organize, implement information systems strategies for the firm.
question
Marketing
answer
i. No field has undergone more technology-driven change in the past five years than marketing and advertising. ii. Skills: 1. Work with databases for tracking and reporting on customer behavior, product performance, customer feedback, product development. 2. Enterprise systems for product management, sales force management, customer relationship management.
question
Business
answer
A FORMAL ORGANIZATION THAT MAKES PRODUCTS OR PROVIDES A SERVICE IN ORDER TO MAKE A PROFIT.
question
Basic entities at the foundation of any business have five elements
answer
Suppliers Customers Employees Invoices/payments Products and services
question
Business Processes: (4 things)
answer
Manufacturing and Production Sales and Marketing Finance and Accounting Human Resources
question
Information Technology enhances business processes in two main ways:
answer
i. Increasing the efficiency of existing processes ii. Enabling entirely new processes that are capable of transforming the business.
question
Firm Hierarchies
answer
1 Senior management 2 middle management 3 operational management 4 knowledge workers 5 data workers 6 production/service workers
question
Types of Info Systems
answer
TPS (Transaction Processing Systems) MIS DSS (Decision Support Systems) ESS (Executive Support Systems) ERP (Enterprise Systems) SCM (Supply Chain Management Systems) CRP (Customer Relationship Management Systems) KM (Knowledge Management Systems)
question
Enterprise Applications
answer
Integrate data from key business processes and different firm functions into single system
question
Intranet
answer
Based on internet standards often very private access area in company websites
question
Extranet
answer
company website and resources accessible to only authorized vendoes and suppliers
question
E-Business
answer
i. Use of digital technology and the Internet to drive major business processes
question
E-Commerce
answer
i. Subset of e-business ii. Buying and selling goods and services through the Internet
question
E-Government
answer
Using Internet technology to deliver information and services to citizens, employees, and businesses.
question
Benefits of social business and collaboration
answer
1. Productivity: Sharing knowledge and resolving problems 2. Quality: Faster resolution of quality issues 3. Innovation: More ideas for products and services 4. Customer Service: Complaints handled more rapidly 5. Financial Performance: Generated by improvements in factors above
question
IT INFRASTRUCTURE
answer
provides platform for supporting all information systems in the business
question
IT INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS
answer
1. Computer hardware and software 2 data management tech 3 networking and telecommunications tech 4 technology services
question
Types of Computers
answer
1. Personal Computers 2. Mobile Devices 3. Workstations 4. Servers 5. Mainframes 6. Supercomputer 7. Grid/Cluster Computing 8. Client/Server Computing
question
GRID/CLUSTER COMPUTING
answer
Power of geographically remote computers connected into a single logical network to act as a "virtual supercomputer"
question
CLIENT/SERVER COMPUTING
answer
Form of distributed computing (Vs centralized) splits processing between client machines and server machines. Client: user point of entry to system/network servers: store and process shared data and perform network management activities CENTRALIZED
question
Storage, Input and Output Tech
answer
Magnetic disks (hard drives) solid state memory (USB) Optical disks (CD) Magnetic tape Storage Networking (SANS) Network attached storage input devices Output devices mobile digital platform
question
VIRTUALIZATION
answer
i. PROCESS OF PRESENTING A SET OF COMPUTING RESOURCES SO THEY CAN BE ACCESSED IN WAYS THAT ARE UNRESTRICTED BY PHYSICAL CONFIGURATION OR GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
question
CLOUD COMPUTING (SAAS)
answer
i. A MODEL OF COMPUTING IN WHICH FIRMS AND INDIVIDUALS OBTAIN COMPUTING RESOURCES OVER THE INTERNET
question
Cloud Computing 5 characteristics
answer
1. On demand self service 2. obiquitous network access 3. location independent resource pooling 4. rapid elasticity 5. measured services
question
Contemporary software trends
answer
operating system software 1. controls computer acitivities (guis and multitouch) 2. PC Operating systems (Windows, Mac, Unix, etc) 3. mobile operating systems (chrome, android) 4. programming languages (C,C++, VISUAL BASIC, JAVA)
question
Java
answer
mobile, game machine, cable tv systems
question
ii. SOFTWARE COMPONENTS THAT EXCHANGE INFORMATION WITH ONE ANOTHER USING UNIVERSAL WEB COMMUNICATION STANDARDS AND LANGUAGES. 1. XML (EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE) 2. FOUNDATION OF WEB SERVICES
answer
XML (Extensible Markup Language
question
capacity planning
answer
i. Process of predicting when hardware systems become saturated. Factors include: 1. max number of users 2. impact of current/future software performance measures
question
scalability
answer
ability of system to expand in order to serve a large number of users (volume) without crashing system (breaking down)
question
Total Costs of Ownership (TCO) Model
answer
i. Used to analyze direct and indirect costs to help determine the actual cost of owning a specific technology. 1. Direct Costs: Hardware, Software Purchase Costs 2. Indirect Costs: Ongoing administration costs, upgrades, maintenance, technical support, training, utility, and real estate costs 3. Hidden Costs: support staff, downtime, additional network management
question
Net Neutrality
answer
i. The principle that Internet service providers should enable access to all content and applications regardless of the source, and without favoring or blocking particular products or websites. 1. All data and web traffic are treated equally. 2. Cultivates innovation and provides a level playing field for all companies and participants.
question
The Data Hierarchy: File Organization Concepts
answer
Database File Record Supplier Part (descrip., unit price, supplier) Organizing data in a traditional
question
A record describes an
answer
Entity, Field, Attribute
question
Entity:
answer
a person, place or thing on which we store and maintain info on.
question
Field
answer
group of characters as word(s) or number
question
Attribute
answer
specific characteristics, qualities describing each entity
question
Data Redundancy
answer
presence of duplicate data in multiple files
question
data inconsistency
answer
same attribute has different values
question
database
answer
collection of data organized to serve many applications by centralizing data and controlling redundant data
question
Database management System (DBMS)
answer
Allows orgs to centralize data, manage, and provide access
question
Logical View
answer
y. Presents data as they would be perceived by end users or business specialists.
question
Physical view
answer
z. Physical View: aa. Shows how data are actually organized and structured on physical storage media.
question
nn. Foreign key:
answer
Primary key used in second table as look-up field to identify records from original table
question
E-R Diagram
answer
ccc. E-R Diagram (ERD) identifies and diagrams Data Relationships
question
Referential Integrity Rules
answer
ggg. Used by relational databases to ensure that relationships between coupled tables remain consistent.
question
normalization
answer
kkk. Streamlining complex groupings of data to minimize redundant data elements and awkward many-to-many relationships
question
Relational DBM Three basic operations:
answer
rr. SELECT: Creates subset of data of all records that meet stated criteria (subset of rows) ss. JOIN: Combines relational tables to provide user with more information than available in individual tables tt. PROJECT: Creates subset of columns in table, permits the user to create new tables containing only the desired information.
question
Data definition
answer
ppp. Data definition capability: Specifies structure of database content, used to create tables and define characteristics of fields (field properties)
question
Data dictionary
answer
qqq. Data dictionary: Automated or manual file storing definitions of data elements and their characteristics
question
Querying and reporting
answer
sss. Data manipulation language: Used to add, change, delete, retrieve data from database
question
Data manipulation language
answer
Used to add, change, delete, retrieve data from database
question
SQL (Structured Query Language)
answer
zzz. Developed to handle large data sets of data that is not easily organized into tables, columns, and rows.
question
Non-relational databases
answer
cccc. Use more flexible data model, easier to scale. dddd. Data sets are stored across distributed machines. eeee. Does not require extensive structuring ffff. Can manage large volumes of unstructured data, such as social media and graphics.
question
The challenge of big data
answer
kkkk. Massive quantities (zettabytes - 1B TB) of unstructured and semi-structured data from the Internet, networked services, applications, and sensors. llll. Big datasets provide more opportunities to identify patterns and gain insights versus smaller datasets.
question
What are the principal tools and technologies for accessing information from databases to improve business performance and decision making?
answer
uuuu. Array of tools for obtaining useful information from internal and external systems and big data vvvv. Analyze data to identify new patterns, relationships, and insights that are useful for guiding decision making.
question
Data warehouse
answer
ddddd. Database that stores current and historical data that may be of interest to decision makers
question
Hadoop
answer
mmmmm. Open-source software framework from Apache nnnnn. Designed for big data ooooo. Breaks data tasks into sub-problems and distributes the processing over an array (cluster) of inexpensive computer processing nodes.
question
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
answer
xxxxxx. Supports multidimensional data analysis yyyyyy. Viewing data using multiple dimensions zzzzzz. Each aspect of information (product, pricing, cost, region, time period) is different dimension
question
Data mining
answer
more discovery driven than OLAP Finds hidden patterns, relationships in large databases and infers rules to predict future behavior
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question
Invest in IT to achieve SIX important business objectives:
answer
i. OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE ii. NEW PRODUCTS, SERVICES AND BUSINESS MODELS iii. CUSTOMER AND SUPPLIER INTIMACY iv. IMPROVED DECISION MAKING v. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE vi. SURVIVAL
question
Information Technology
answer
THE HARDWARE, SOFTWARE AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT A BUSINESS USES TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES.
question
Information Systems
answer
SET OF INTERRELATED COMPONENTS THAT MANAGE INFORMATION TO i. Support decision making, coordination, and control ii. Help with analysis, visualization and product creation.
question
Activities for an Information System t hat Produces Information (Four)
answer
INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT FEEDBACK
question
Role of People and Organizations
answer
Information Systems Literacy Computer Literacy MIS
question
Business Processes
answer
related tasks and behaviors for accomplishing work. May be informal or include formal structure and rules (protocol)
question
Role of Managers
answer
i. Perceive business challenges ii. Set organizational strategy iii. Allocate human and financial resources iv. Creative work: new products and services
question
Problem Solving is a Continuous four-step Process
answer
1. Problem identification 2. Solution design 3. Solution evaluation and choice 4. Implementation
question
e. The role of Critical Thinking
answer
i. Involves sustained suspension of judgement with an awareness of multiple perspectives and alternatives. ii. Four elements of critical thinking: 1. Maintaining doubt and suspending judgement 2. Being aware of different perspectives 3. Testing alternatives and letting experience guide 4. Being aware of organizational and personal limitations.
question
Accounting
answer
i. Accountants increasingly rely on information systems to summarize transactions, create financial records, organize data, and perform financial analysis. ii. Skills: 1. Knowledge of databases and networks 2. Online financial transactions and reporting systems 3. How systems are used to achieve accounting functions
question
Finance
answer
i. The relationship between information systems and financial management and services is so strong that many advice finance majors to double major in information systems. ii. Skills: 1. Use systems for financial reporting, direct investment activities, implement cash management strategies 2. Plan, organize, implement information systems strategies for the firm.
question
Marketing
answer
i. No field has undergone more technology-driven change in the past five years than marketing and advertising. ii. Skills: 1. Work with databases for tracking and reporting on customer behavior, product performance, customer feedback, product development. 2. Enterprise systems for product management, sales force management, customer relationship management.
question
Business
answer
A FORMAL ORGANIZATION THAT MAKES PRODUCTS OR PROVIDES A SERVICE IN ORDER TO MAKE A PROFIT.
question
Basic entities at the foundation of any business have five elements
answer
Suppliers Customers Employees Invoices/payments Products and services
question
Business Processes: (4 things)
answer
Manufacturing and Production Sales and Marketing Finance and Accounting Human Resources
question
Information Technology enhances business processes in two main ways:
answer
i. Increasing the efficiency of existing processes ii. Enabling entirely new processes that are capable of transforming the business.
question
Firm Hierarchies
answer
1 Senior management 2 middle management 3 operational management 4 knowledge workers 5 data workers 6 production/service workers
question
Types of Info Systems
answer
TPS (Transaction Processing Systems) MIS DSS (Decision Support Systems) ESS (Executive Support Systems) ERP (Enterprise Systems) SCM (Supply Chain Management Systems) CRP (Customer Relationship Management Systems) KM (Knowledge Management Systems)
question
Enterprise Applications
answer
Integrate data from key business processes and different firm functions into single system
question
Intranet
answer
Based on internet standards often very private access area in company websites
question
Extranet
answer
company website and resources accessible to only authorized vendoes and suppliers
question
E-Business
answer
i. Use of digital technology and the Internet to drive major business processes
question
E-Commerce
answer
i. Subset of e-business ii. Buying and selling goods and services through the Internet
question
E-Government
answer
Using Internet technology to deliver information and services to citizens, employees, and businesses.
question
Benefits of social business and collaboration
answer
1. Productivity: Sharing knowledge and resolving problems 2. Quality: Faster resolution of quality issues 3. Innovation: More ideas for products and services 4. Customer Service: Complaints handled more rapidly 5. Financial Performance: Generated by improvements in factors above
question
IT INFRASTRUCTURE
answer
provides platform for supporting all information systems in the business
question
IT INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS
answer
1. Computer hardware and software 2 data management tech 3 networking and telecommunications tech 4 technology services
question
Types of Computers
answer
1. Personal Computers 2. Mobile Devices 3. Workstations 4. Servers 5. Mainframes 6. Supercomputer 7. Grid/Cluster Computing 8. Client/Server Computing
question
GRID/CLUSTER COMPUTING
answer
Power of geographically remote computers connected into a single logical network to act as a "virtual supercomputer"
question
CLIENT/SERVER COMPUTING
answer
Form of distributed computing (Vs centralized) splits processing between client machines and server machines. Client: user point of entry to system/network servers: store and process shared data and perform network management activities CENTRALIZED
question
Storage, Input and Output Tech
answer
Magnetic disks (hard drives) solid state memory (USB) Optical disks (CD) Magnetic tape Storage Networking (SANS) Network attached storage input devices Output devices mobile digital platform
question
VIRTUALIZATION
answer
i. PROCESS OF PRESENTING A SET OF COMPUTING RESOURCES SO THEY CAN BE ACCESSED IN WAYS THAT ARE UNRESTRICTED BY PHYSICAL CONFIGURATION OR GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
question
CLOUD COMPUTING (SAAS)
answer
i. A MODEL OF COMPUTING IN WHICH FIRMS AND INDIVIDUALS OBTAIN COMPUTING RESOURCES OVER THE INTERNET
question
Cloud Computing 5 characteristics
answer
1. On demand self service 2. obiquitous network access 3. location independent resource pooling 4. rapid elasticity 5. measured services
question
Contemporary software trends
answer
operating system software 1. controls computer acitivities (guis and multitouch) 2. PC Operating systems (Windows, Mac, Unix, etc) 3. mobile operating systems (chrome, android) 4. programming languages (C,C++, VISUAL BASIC, JAVA)
question
Java
answer
mobile, game machine, cable tv systems
question
ii. SOFTWARE COMPONENTS THAT EXCHANGE INFORMATION WITH ONE ANOTHER USING UNIVERSAL WEB COMMUNICATION STANDARDS AND LANGUAGES. 1. XML (EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE) 2. FOUNDATION OF WEB SERVICES
answer
XML (Extensible Markup Language
question
capacity planning
answer
i. Process of predicting when hardware systems become saturated. Factors include: 1. max number of users 2. impact of current/future software performance measures
question
scalability
answer
ability of system to expand in order to serve a large number of users (volume) without crashing system (breaking down)
question
Total Costs of Ownership (TCO) Model
answer
i. Used to analyze direct and indirect costs to help determine the actual cost of owning a specific technology. 1. Direct Costs: Hardware, Software Purchase Costs 2. Indirect Costs: Ongoing administration costs, upgrades, maintenance, technical support, training, utility, and real estate costs 3. Hidden Costs: support staff, downtime, additional network management
question
Net Neutrality
answer
i. The principle that Internet service providers should enable access to all content and applications regardless of the source, and without favoring or blocking particular products or websites. 1. All data and web traffic are treated equally. 2. Cultivates innovation and provides a level playing field for all companies and participants.
question
The Data Hierarchy: File Organization Concepts
answer
Database File Record Supplier Part (descrip., unit price, supplier) Organizing data in a traditional
question
A record describes an
answer
Entity, Field, Attribute
question
Entity:
answer
a person, place or thing on which we store and maintain info on.
question
Field
answer
group of characters as word(s) or number
question
Attribute
answer
specific characteristics, qualities describing each entity
question
Data Redundancy
answer
presence of duplicate data in multiple files
question
data inconsistency
answer
same attribute has different values
question
database
answer
collection of data organized to serve many applications by centralizing data and controlling redundant data
question
Database management System (DBMS)
answer
Allows orgs to centralize data, manage, and provide access
question
Logical View
answer
y. Presents data as they would be perceived by end users or business specialists.
question
Physical view
answer
z. Physical View: aa. Shows how data are actually organized and structured on physical storage media.
question
nn. Foreign key:
answer
Primary key used in second table as look-up field to identify records from original table
question
E-R Diagram
answer
ccc. E-R Diagram (ERD) identifies and diagrams Data Relationships
question
Referential Integrity Rules
answer
ggg. Used by relational databases to ensure that relationships between coupled tables remain consistent.
question
normalization
answer
kkk. Streamlining complex groupings of data to minimize redundant data elements and awkward many-to-many relationships
question
Relational DBM Three basic operations:
answer
rr. SELECT: Creates subset of data of all records that meet stated criteria (subset of rows) ss. JOIN: Combines relational tables to provide user with more information than available in individual tables tt. PROJECT: Creates subset of columns in table, permits the user to create new tables containing only the desired information.
question
Data definition
answer
ppp. Data definition capability: Specifies structure of database content, used to create tables and define characteristics of fields (field properties)
question
Data dictionary
answer
qqq. Data dictionary: Automated or manual file storing definitions of data elements and their characteristics
question
Querying and reporting
answer
sss. Data manipulation language: Used to add, change, delete, retrieve data from database
question
Data manipulation language
answer
Used to add, change, delete, retrieve data from database
question
SQL (Structured Query Language)
answer
zzz. Developed to handle large data sets of data that is not easily organized into tables, columns, and rows.
question
Non-relational databases
answer
cccc. Use more flexible data model, easier to scale. dddd. Data sets are stored across distributed machines. eeee. Does not require extensive structuring ffff. Can manage large volumes of unstructured data, such as social media and graphics.
question
The challenge of big data
answer
kkkk. Massive quantities (zettabytes - 1B TB) of unstructured and semi-structured data from the Internet, networked services, applications, and sensors. llll. Big datasets provide more opportunities to identify patterns and gain insights versus smaller datasets.
question
What are the principal tools and technologies for accessing information from databases to improve business performance and decision making?
answer
uuuu. Array of tools for obtaining useful information from internal and external systems and big data vvvv. Analyze data to identify new patterns, relationships, and insights that are useful for guiding decision making.
question
Data warehouse
answer
ddddd. Database that stores current and historical data that may be of interest to decision makers
question
Hadoop
answer
mmmmm. Open-source software framework from Apache nnnnn. Designed for big data ooooo. Breaks data tasks into sub-problems and distributes the processing over an array (cluster) of inexpensive computer processing nodes.
question
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
answer
xxxxxx. Supports multidimensional data analysis yyyyyy. Viewing data using multiple dimensions zzzzzz. Each aspect of information (product, pricing, cost, region, time period) is different dimension
question
Data mining
answer
more discovery driven than OLAP Finds hidden patterns, relationships in large databases and infers rules to predict future behavior
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Question
What is the right structure for an essay
Answer
A paragraph is a related group of sentences that develops one main idea. Each paragraph in the body of the essay should contain:
  • a topic sentence that states the main or controlling idea
  • supporting sentences to explain and develop the point you’re making
  • evidence from your reading or an example from the subject area that supports your point
  • analysis of the implication/significance/impact of the evidence finished off with a critical conclusion you have drawn from the evidence.