Management ch. 8 quiz – Flashcards

Differences between experts and novices are almost always a function of _____. - intelligence - age - learning - eagerness - perseverance

Which of the following is true of explicit knowledge? - It is what employees can learn only through experience. - Most of the knowledge in a company occurs in this form. - It cannot be communicated easily from person to person. - It does not affect the performance of an employee. - It is a large part of what companies teach in training sessions.

Extinction occurs when a(n): - unwanted outcome follows an unwanted behavior. - unwanted outcome is removed following a desired behavior. - consequence following an unwanted behavior is removed. - positive outcome follows a desired behavior. - unwanted outcome follows a wanted behavior.

Which two forms of reinforcement deliver intended results without creating feelings of animosity and conflict? - Positive reinforcement and punishment - Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement - Negative reinforcement and extinction - Positive reinforcement and extinction - Negative reinforcement and punishment

_____ schedules reinforce behaviors after a certain number of them have been exhibited. - Continuous - Fixed interval - Variable interval - Fixed ratio - Variable ratio

Which of the following is a step in the bounded rationality decision making process? Refer To: Table 8-3 - Boil the problem down to something that is easily understood. - Evaluate all the alternatives simultaneously. - Pick the alternative that maximizes value. - Use accurate information to evaluate alternatives. - Develop an exhaustive list of alternatives to consider as solutions.

_____ is the tendency for people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations. - Availability bias - A stereotype - Projection bias - Selective perception - Self-serving bias

_____ occurs when assumptions are made about others on the basis of their membership in a social group. - Availability bias - A stereotype - Projection bias - Selective perception - Self-serving bias

One model of attribution processes suggests that when people have a level of familiarity with the person being judged, they'll use a more detailed decision framework. According to this model, a person's behavior will be attributed to internal factors if there is: - high consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency. - low consensus, high distinctiveness, and high consistency. - low consensus, low distinctiveness, and low consistency. - low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency. - high consensus, high distinctiveness, and low consistency.

Which of the following explains why the moderate correlation between learning and job performance may be underestimated? - Learning seems less relevant to citizenship behavior and counterproductive behavior. - Higher levels of job knowledge are associated with slight increases in emotional attachment to the firm. - Employees with higher levels of expertise become more highly valued commodities on the job market. - It's difficult to fulfill one's job duties if the employee doesn't possess adequate levels of job knowledge. - It's difficult to measure tacit knowledge, which is relevant to task performance, because of its unspoken nature.

Learning refers to the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem. - True - False

90 % of the knowledge contained in organizations occurs is explicit knowledge. - True - False

Extinction occurs when there is the removal of a consequence following an unwanted behavior. - True - False

Performance-avoid orientation is associated with high levels of anxiety and lower levels of learning. - True - False

Employees with higher levels of expertise may become more highly valued commodities on the job market, thereby reducing their levels of continuance commitment. - True - False