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A story, poem, or picture which can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.

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Allegory

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the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. It is a stylistic device in which a number of words, having the same first consonant sound, occur close together in a series. "Alice's aunt ate apples and acorns around August."

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Alliteration

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An expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.

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Allusion

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An advance sign or warning of what is to come in the future.

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Foreshadowing

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What you are studying e.g. novel, play, diary entry, poem... etc. also includes the way in which the text is being told. For example: (narrative voice) 1st/2nd/3rd Person; past/present tense; register/mood/tone; conventions to the genre and so on.

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Form

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A figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words.

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Irony

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The overall feeling or mood the text gives through the authors descriptions and setting. Mood is one element in the narrative structure of a piece of literature. It can also be referred to as ______ because it creates an emotional setting enveloping the reader.

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Atmosphere

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A description of a person using exaggeration of some characteristics and oversimplification of others.

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Caricature

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The literal meaning of something.

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Denotation

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Refers to a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly. Words carry cultural and emotional associations or meanings in addition to their literal meanings or denotations. For instance, "Wall Street" literally means a street situated in Lower Manhattan but it refers to "wealth" and "power".

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Connotation

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Anything that helps you understand the meaning of a literary work other than the actual words of the work itself. It is generally taken to mean the setting (historical,social,class,) of a novel, poem or short story. For example, it is very helpful to know about the historical events around the time that a book is set as it gives us insights into the themes,concepts and discussions that were going on at the time of the author's writing.

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Context

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The very end of the story.

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Denouement

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A nice way of saying something not so nice. An idiomatic expression which loses its literal meanings and refers to something else in order to hide its unpleasantness.

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Euphemism

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A transition in a story to an earlier time, that interrupts the normal chronological order of events.

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Flashback

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Is an author's use of vivid and descriptive language to add depth to his or her work.

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Imagery

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Refers more specifically to the vocabulary or level of informality/formality in the text. You might have a technical, academic, conversational, or scientific ______ appropriate to the purposes and audience of a text. The text might be written humorously, poetically, philosophically, angrily, satirically, coldly, or passionately.

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Register (Style)

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A figure of speech which makes an implicit, implied or hidden comparison between two things or objects. A resemblance of two contradictory or different objects is made based on a single or some common characteristics.

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Metaphor

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a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things. Unlike a metaphor, a _____ draws resemblance with the help of the words "like" or "as". Therefore, it is a direct comparison.

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Simile

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when two or more words close to one another repeat the same vowel sound but start with different consonant sounds. For instance, "Men sell the wedding bells."

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Assonance

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A repetition of similar sounding words occurring at the end of lines in poems or songs.

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Rhyme

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A literary device that is used in literature to highlight and explain the details about a character in a story.

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Characterisation

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The deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence. "O LORD, rebuke me not in thine anger, neither chasten me in thy hot displeasure. Have mercy upon me, O LORD; for I am weak: O LORD, heal me; for my bones are vexed. My soul is also sore vexed: but thou, O LORD, how long?"

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Anaphora

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Refers to an expression that has been overused to the extent that it loses its original meaning or novelty.

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Cliche

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Refers to repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase such as in pitter, patter.

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Consonance

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A literary device, in which parts of the sentence are grammatically the same, or are similar in construction. It can be a word, a phrase, or an entire sentence repeated. King's famous 'I have a dream' repetition makes the speech compelling and rhythmic, as well as memorable.

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Parallelism

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Something unfamiliar explained using an equivalent familiar example

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Analogy

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Short, entertaining side stories that related to the plot.

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Anecdotes

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Used to describe a character who presents the exact opposite as to personality type or moral outlook to another character.

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Antithesis

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A statement of truth or opinion expressed in a concise and witty manner.

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Aphorism

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Can be used to create an effect tone, mood, or reinforce the theme or a style

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Diction

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The continuation of a sentence or clause over a line-break.

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Enjambment

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Brings the audience into the scene by immersing them in the experience, in the setting.

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Sensory Detail

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When the author places two themes, characters, phrases, words, or situations together for the purpose of comparison, contrast, or rhetoric.

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Juxtaposition

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When a scene is emotionally charged. Used to supplement setting and sometimes to create its own effect

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Mood

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A symbol that is repeated throughout the narrative that relates to a specific theme of the narrative. Rarely obvious

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Motif

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First person, Third person limited, Omniscient

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Narration

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Overexaggeration

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Hyperbole

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The formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named.

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Onomatopoeia

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A figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction

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Oxymoron

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One of the three modes of persuasion in rhetoric used by the author to inspire pity or sorrow in the reader towards a character

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Pathos

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An object or character whose sole purpose is to advance the plot

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Plot Device

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Is a feature of narrative, which includes a diversity of points of view and voices

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Polyphony

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The topic or subject of the text.

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Theme

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The choice of vocabulary, syntax and verb tense, all of which place the reader in a particular mood.

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Tone

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In simple words, it is an author's individual writing style or point of view. When a writer places himself/herself into words and provides a sense the character is real person conveying a specific message the writer intends to convey. A combination of a writer's use of syntax, diction, punctuation, character development, dialogue, etc., within a given body of text.

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Voice

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the attribution of human nature or character to animals, inanimate objects, or abstract notions, especially as a rhetorical figure.

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Personification

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A language, dialect, or style of speaking peculiar to a people.

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Idiom

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The most common elements of the ________ are setting, plot, and theme. The parts of narrative plot include exposition (the beginning), rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. The resolution is also called the denouement. The setting and characters are introduced during the exposition, and we usually learn some background information to help us have a good understanding of the setting and characters. During the rising action, some form of problem or crisis becomes apparent.

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Narrative Structure

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This determines how the chosen words (diction) are used to form a sentence. Most often than not, adopting a complex diction means a complex ____ of sentences and vice versa. In combination, ___ and diction help writers develop tone, mood and atmosphere in a text along with evoking interest of the readers.

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Syntax

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It is when the narrator uses an object or action that means something more than its literal meaning.

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Symbol

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It is a big old racket, made by combining lots of harsh, discordant noises. It is is the opposite of euphony, which is when sounds are very pleasing to the ear.

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Cacophony

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It is a pause in a line of poetry or in a musical composition. It can be done with a comma in the same line. Its different from an enjambment in that it does not have to continue on another line, and the pause is indicated. It can be at the beginning of a line (initial _____) and at the end (terminal _____).

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Caesura

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It is poetry that teaches some moral lesson

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Didactic Poetry

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It is a type of poetry written in the form of a speech of an individual character.

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Dramatic monologue

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A speech or writing in praise of the character or accomplishments of a person.

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Eulogy

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Refers to a comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem. It is often comprised of more than one sentence and sometimes consists of a full paragraph.

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Extended Metaphor

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It is when the writer uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. When a writer uses literal language, he or she is simply stating the facts as they are.

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Figurative language

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it is to make something the most prominent or important feature as opposed to those that are silenced or marginalised (not emphasised).

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Foregrounding

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The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the exploitation of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.

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Rhetoric

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The centre of interest or activity in visual art.

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Focal Point

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A short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising.

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Slogan

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Includes, sizes, angles, composition, colours, text, realistic/symbolic, linear, texture, light, depth of field, close up, distance, exposure, setting, layout.

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Elements in the shot

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The way in which the parts of something are arranged.

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Layout

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In literature, a particular attitude towards or way of regarding something; a point of view. In visual art, it is the art of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width, depth, and position in relation to each other.

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Perspective

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By using the this, you avoid centering your subject. This generally results in a more pleasing composition. It contains guidelines which applies to the process of composing visual images such as designs, films, paintings, and photographs. The guideline proposes that an image should be imagined as divided into nine equal parts. The technique will create more tension, energy and interest in the composition than simply centering the subject.

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Rule of Thirds

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What the author is trying to convey or achieve through the text.

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Purpose (message)

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Who the text targets and why.

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Audience

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What is literally happening within the text. What is it about? What are the main ideas?

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Content

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In literature and writing, they are the use of any of a variety of techniques to give an auxiliary meaning, idea, or feeling to the literal or written.

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Stylistic Devices (Literary Devices)

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What the text is - based on conventional expectations of the way it is presented. What kinds of features contribute to the text's structure? It will have many of the defining features of a particular type of text.

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Text Type

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It is the way the author delivers the action in his work. It is the rhythm and speed with which the plot unfolds.

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Pacing

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The place or type of surroundings where something is positioned or where an event takes place.

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Setting

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A word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause (e.g. and, but, if ).

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Conjunctions

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A change in the usual word order. "Humble he was not!"

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Inversion

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the marks, such as full stop, comma, and brackets, used in writing to separate sentences and their elements and to clarify meaning. What is the effect on the readers?

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Punctuation

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