LIT 101 – World Literature – Flashcards
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Litera
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Greek word for the ability to read and write
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What is literature
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- expressed in written and oral form - the conceptualization of language - a creative expression
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Types of creative expression
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- fiction - imagination - appeals to human senses - seeing the gaps - reading between the lines - from human experiences and conditions
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Contains Idealogy
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Literature is Powerful
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Two genres
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Prose and Poetry
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Prose
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Written in paragraphs
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Types of Fiction
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1) Novels 2) Short Stories
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Types of Non-Fiction
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1) Biography 2) Auto biography (self) 3) Memoir 4) Based on facts or truths
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Poetry
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a MENTAL PICTURE expressed in best WORDS in best ORDER can be in stanzas or verses
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Persona
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Person talking in the poem
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Poeisis
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Latin, to make DEF: poetry; to make or create something, as poets, dancers, actors do; artistic purpose;
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Epistle
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a letter or literary composition in letter form (ie. written in prose form)
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Text Oriented Approach
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no meaning outside of text (looks at the language, form, structure, and literary device used)
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Issues of literature as Power
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literature is an elite subject
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Canon
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an established set of principles, standards, or code of laws
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Awards in Literature
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1) Nobel 2) Pulitzer 3) Manbooker Award 4) Man Booker Asia 5) S.E.A. Write
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Ode
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a lyric poem in the form of an address to a particular subject, often elevated in style or manner and written in varied or irregular meter
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Elegy
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a poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead.
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Dirge
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a funeral hymn or mournful speech
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Epitaph
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A brief statement written on a tomb or gravestone
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Sonnet
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14 line poem written in iambic pentameter
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Petrarchian
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A love type of sonnets, composed of an octave with abba abba rhyme scheme and ending in a sestet with cde cde rhyme scheme; also called an Italian sonnet
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Shakespearean
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a sonnet consisting three quatrains and a concluding couplet in iambic pentameter with the rhyme pattern abab cdcd efef gg
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Sestina
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6 six-line stanzas ending with tercet; last words of each line in 1st stanza are repeated as last words in next stanza
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Villanelle
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A 19 line form using only two rhymes and repeating two of the lines according to a set pattern
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Rivers
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Nile, euphrates, Congo
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Why
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Draws from Human experience or senses
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Ghazal
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A persian short lyric poem composed of a series of about 5 to 15 couplets, each of which stands independently on its own as a ROMANTIC thought.
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Rivers
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Nile, euphrates, Congo
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Repetition or Anaphora
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Device used to create poetic sound
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Why
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Draws from Human experience or senses
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Haiku
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A Japanese lyric poem having three unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five syllables; traditionally the topic of nature or the seasons
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Tankas
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5 lines, 5-7-5-7-7 (31) syllables which frames the moment but rhyming
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Renga
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one poet writes the first stanza, which is three lines long with a total of seventeen syllables - the same structure as a haiku. The next poet adds the second stanza, a couplet with seven syllables per line.
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Famous phrase in Negritude
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A tiger doesn't proclaim it's tiger Ness, it jumps on its prey.
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Apartheid
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A policy in 1940 to 1948 to segregate the black community in South africa
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Tanaga
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a Philippine poem with 4 lines and 7 syllables which focuses on giving moral lessons
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Diona
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a Philippine LOVE poem with 3 lines and 7 syllables
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Ars Poetica
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Written by Archibald Macleish -Art of Poetry -poem within a poem
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Ars Poetica Pointers
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1) Sense of hearing - it's wordless in a flight of birds/silence is a language 2) Motionless in time - universal and transcends time 3) Should not mean but be - we give poetry meaning; where a poem is just a poem
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Carl Sandburg's Definitions of Poetry
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• projection across silence of cadences arranged to break that silence with definite intentions of echoes, syllables, wave lengths. • journal of a sea animal living on land, wanting to fly the air. • series of explanations of life, fading off into horizons too swift for explanations. • search for syllables to shoot at barriers of the unknown and the unknowable. • theorem of a yellow-silk handkerchief knotted with riddles, sealed in a balloon tied to the tail of a kite flying in a white wind against a blue sky in spring • the silence and speech between a wet struggling root of a flower and a sunlit blossom of that flower. • the harnessing of the paradox of earth cradling life and then entombing it. • a phantom script telling how rainbows are made and why they go away. • the synthesis of hyacinths and biscuits. • the opening and closing of a door, leaving those who look through to guess about what is seen during a moment.
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Famous phrase in Negritude
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A tiger doesn't proclaim it's tiger Ness, it jumps on its prey.
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Apartheid
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A policy in 1940 to 1948 to segregate the black community in South africa