Legal Writing Chapter 12 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
comma
answer
Punctuation ussed to re-create verbal pauses. Examples: USE COMMA TO: Set apart transitional language - Indeed, the statue is applicable and controling. Set apart quotes- The defendant stated, "I,m innocent". Indicate an omission- The new defendant went to Florida; his brother, New Jersey. (omitted words: " went to") Clarify a date or number - 1,000,000 Set apart "yes" and "no" - Is the statue controlling? No, it is not.
question
parenthetical phrase
answer
a phrase that supplements or adds information to a complete thought.
question
restrictive phrase
answer
a phrase that specifies or restricts the application of somethting.
question
semicolon
answer
a form of punctuation used to indicate a brake in thought, though of a different sort than that indicated by a comma.
question
compound sentence
answer
a sentence in which the clauses could stand separately, each ending with a period.
question
colon
answer
a form of punctuation that joins together phrases or explanatory clauses or introduces a block quote. Colons proceed a list.
question
block quote
answer
a quotation or fifty words or more that is single-spaced and indented in the legal document.
question
Quotation Marks
answer
The use of quoted materials adds support to memoranda, briefs, letters and any other legal writting in which the writter is trying to build an argument. QM PLACEMENT The period: A quotation mark appears after a period. The comma: A quotation mark appears after a comma. The ? mark: A quotation marl appears after a ? mark. The semicolon: A quoatation mark appears before a semicolon. The colon: A quotation mark appears before a colon.
question
Parentheses, Brackets, Ellipsis
answer
Are used to put clarity often demands grouping or special identification of text
question
parentheses
answer
a form of puncation that unites chesive passages.
question
brackets
answer
a form of punctuation that indicates changes or additions.
question
ellipsis
answer
a form of punctuation that indicates the elimination of text from a extended quote.
question
hyphen
answer
a form of punctuation used to draw together two or more words to form a single idea.
question
dash
answer
a punctuation mark longer than a hyphen, which is used for limited purposes, such as a separating the segments of a two-part sentence.
question
exclamtion point
answer
a form of punctuation used to highlight something extraordinary.
question
apostrophe
answer
a form of punctuation used to create a contraction or a possessive noun.
question
simple sentence
answer
a sentence that has a simple format-subject/verb/object.
question
modifiers
answer
words that describe a subject, verb, or object in a sentence.
question
complex sentence
answer
a sentence that contains a subordinate clause or clauses in addition to the main clause.
question
subordinate clause
answer
a clause that cannot stand on its own as a complete sentence.
question
independent clause
answer
a clause that can stand on its own as a complete sentence.
question
run-on sentence
answer
a sentence that contains two independent clauses that are not joined by a conjunction.
question
sentence fragment
answer
a group of words that lacks necessary grammatical information, such as a ver, that would make it a complete sentence.
question
active voice
answer
a verb from in which the subject of the sentence preforms the action.
question
passive voice
answer
a verb from in which the subject of the sentence is the object of the action.
question
topic sentence
answer
the first sentence of the paragraph, which intoduces an idea.
question
body
answer
the portion of a paragraph that contains the material that you claim supports the contention raised in the topic sentence
question
transitional function
answer
moving the reader though the material in an orderly progression
question
closing sentence
answer
a sentence at the end of a paragraph that summarizes the topic.
question
Transitional Language
answer
Transitional language providessignals to readersabout the material they are reading.
question
Transitional Words and Phrases
answer
Passing of Time: meanwhile still since ultimately pesently nevertheless Contrast or Opinion: however notwithstanding on the contrary in contrast although Introduction: initially to begin in order that (to) primarily first finally Summary/ Conclusion: therefore accordingly hence consequently in conclusion Addition: furthermore morerover similarly additionally in addition to
question
Irregular Plural Forms of Commonly Used Terms
answer
Singular: Plurual: Incorreect: (No matter what you think!) memorandum memoranda memorandums appendix appendicies appendixes index indices indexes syllabus syllabi syllabuses referendum referenda referendums
question
Variations in Spelling
answer
Common Spelling: Variation: canceled cancelled criticize criticise acknowledgment acknowledgement paid payed traveled travelled color colour
question
indefinite pronoun
answer
a pronoun that does not specify its object. It does not refer to a definite person or thing. Examples of indefinite and definite pronouns: Indefinite: Definite all I anybody them either his everybody her neither it someone their
