LEED v4 BD+C – EA – Flashcards
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EA Energy and Atmosphere Prerequisites and Credits
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EAp1: Fundamental Commissioning and Verification EAp2: Minimum Energy Performance EAp3: Building Level Energy Metering EAp4: Fundamental Refrigerant Management EAc1: Enchanced Commissioning EAc2: Optimize Energy Performance EAc3: Advanced Energy Metering EAc4: Demand Response EAc5: Renewable Energy Production EAc6: Enhanced Refrigerant Management EAc7: Green Power and Carbon Offsets
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Energy and atmosphere Prerequisite 1 Fundamental Commissioning and Verification Commissioning Process Scope
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Complete the following commissioning (Cx) process activities for mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and renewable energy systems and assemblies Requirements for exterior enclosures are limited to inclusion in the owner's project requirements (OPR) and basis of design (BOD)
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Energy and atmosphere Prerequisite 1 Fundamental Commissioning and Verification Commissioning Authority
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By the end of the design development phase, engage a commissioning authority Prerequisite: may be a qualified employee of the owner, an independent consultant, or an employee of the design or construction firm who is not part of the project's design or construction team, or a disinterested subcontractor of the design or construction team. Credit: not be an employee of the design or construction firm nor a subcontractor to the construction firm.
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Energy and atmosphere Prerequisite 1 Fundamental Commissioning and Verification
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The commissioning authority (CxA) must do the following: ·· Review the OPR, BOD, and project design. ·· Develop and implement a Cx plan. ·· Confirm incorporation of Cx requirements into the construction documents. ·· Develop construction checklists. ·· Develop a system test procedure. ·· Verify system test execution. ·· Maintain an issues and benefits log throughout the Cx process. ·· Prepare a final Cx process report. ·· Document all findings and recommendations and report directly to the owner throughout the process. The envelope must be covered in the OPR and BOD, but full envelope commissioning is not required unless the project team pursues EA Credit Enhanced commissioning, Option 2.
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Energy and atmosphere Prerequisite 1 Fundamental Commissioning and Verification preliminary commissioning plan
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Step 4. Develop preliminary commissioning plan ·· Project roles and responsibilities, the commissioning team's project directory, and schedule of commissioning activities ·· The Cx plan is a living document that is updated throughout the life of the project and will become the basis for the final commissioning report.
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Energy and atmosphere Prerequisite 1 Fundamental Commissioning and Verification
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Step 11. Develop functional test scripts The CxA, with the design team or contractor, must write and develop the functional test scripts for the project. ·· Functional testing scripts typically follow the sequence of operations developed by the engineer. If a controls contractor created the sequence of operations, the design engineer must approve the controls submittal to ensure it adheres to the BOD. ·· Provide contractors and design engineers with the functional tests before testing to allow them the opportunity to review the scripts, verify proper operating modes, and comment on any modifications to match actual operation.
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current facility requirements and operations and maintenance plan
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·· Sequences of operation for the building ·· Building occupancy schedule ·· Equipment run-time schedules ·· Setpoints for all HVAC equipment ·· Lighting levels throughout the building ·· Minimum outside air requirements ·· Changes in schedules or setpoints for different seasons, days of the week, and times of day ·· Systems narrative describing the mechanical and electrical systems and equipment ·· Preventive maintenance plan for building equipment described in the systems narrative ·· Cx program that includes periodic Cx requirements, ongoing Cx tasks, and continuous tasks for critical facilities
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Energy and atmosphere Prerequisite 1 Fundamental Commissioning and Verification CxA engagement
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the CxA must be engaged by the design development phase, earlier engagement allows the CxA to be involved in the development of the OPR and BOD
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Energy and atmosphere Prerequisite 1 Fundamental Commissioning and Verification Sampling
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Sampling strategies may be implemented for functional testing. An acceptable sampling rate is "10 or 10%," meaning that for multiple units of the same type with the same components and sequences the commissioning team may test only 10 units or 10% of the units, whichever is greater.
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Energy and atmosphere Prerequisite 2 Minimum Energy Performance
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Option 1. Whole-Building Energy Simulation Option 2. Prescriptive Compliance: ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide Option 3. Prescriptive Compliance: Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide
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Energy and atmosphere Prerequisite 2 Minimum Energy Performance Option 1. Whole-Building Energy Simulation
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Improvement 5% for new construction, 3% for major renovations 2% for core and shell
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building's annual energy cost
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Use the building's annual energy cost, calculated in EA Prerequisite Minimum Energy Performance, if Option 1 was pursued; otherwise use the U.S. Department of Energy's Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) database to estimate energy use and cost.
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Energy and atmosphere Prerequisite 2 Minimum Energy Performance Option 1. Whole-Building Energy Simulation
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Option 1. Whole-Building Energy Simulation Step 7. Update baseline and proposed models based on final design. ·· For elements or systems that cannot be readily modeled by the software, use the exceptional calculation method or COMNET modeling guidelines for unregulated loads.
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Energy and atmosphere Prerequisite 2 Minimum Energy Performance Option 2. Prescriptive Compliance: ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide
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Comply with the HVAC and service water heating requirements, including equipment efficiency, economizers, ventilation, and ducts and dampers
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economizer
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a device designed to make a machine or system more energy-efficient, reduce extra energy need.
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Energy and atmosphere Prerequisite 2 Minimum Energy Performance Option 3. Prescriptive Compliance: Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide
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Option 3 uses the Advanced Buildings™ Core Performance™ Guide and offers an alternative for projects that are less than 100,000 square feet (9 290 square meters) and not a school, healthcare, warehouse, or laboratory. The Core Performance Guide requires that the project comply with prescriptive criteria and also demonstrate that a process is in place for considering energy efficiency alternatives early in the design phase. Projects that use Option 3 cannot achieve points under EA Credit Optimize Energy Performance.
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Energy and atmosphere Prerequisite 2 Minimum Energy Performance
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Step 1. Determine climate zone Determining the right climate zone for the project is essential, since the requirements are specific to each climate zone. ASHRAE 90.1-2010 defines eight climate zones
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Energy and atmosphere Prerequisite 3 Building-Level Energy Metering
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Install new or use existing building-level energy meters, or submeters that can be aggregated to provide buildinglevel data representing total building energy consumption (electricity, natural gas, chilled water, steam, fuel oil, propane, biomass, etc) Commit to sharing with USGBC the resulting energy consumption data and electrical demand data for a five-year period beginning on the date the project accepts LEED certification
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Energy and atmosphere Prerequisite 4 Fundamental Refrigerant Management
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Do not use chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-based refrigerants in new heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems. When reusing existing HVAC&R equipment, complete a comprehensive CFC phase-out conversion before project completion.
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Energy and atmosphere credit 1 Enhanced Commissioning
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Option 1. Enhanced Systems Commissioning Path 1, Enhanced Commissioning Path 2, Enhanced and Monitoring-Based commissioning (This is often appropriate for projects that are energy-intensive and will benefit from real-time data and the ability to track trends) Option 2. Envelope Commissioning (Option 2 is beneficial especially for those that are envelope dominated, located in an extreme climate or subject to potential leakage or infiltration of contaminants.)
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Energy and atmosphere credit 1 Enhanced Commissioning Operations Review
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Option 1. Enhanced Systems Commissioning Path 1, Enhanced Commissioning Step 8. Review building operations 10 months after substantial completion
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Energy and atmosphere credit 1 Enhanced Commissioning
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The commissioning authority must do the following: ·· Review contractor submittals. ·· Verify inclusion of systems manual requirements in construction documents. ·· Verify inclusion of operator and occupant training requirements in construction documents. ·· Verify systems manual updates and delivery. ·· Verify operator and occupant training delivery and effectiveness. ·· Verify seasonal testing. ·· Review building operations 10 months after substantial completion. ·· Develop an on-going commissioning plan.
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Energy and atmosphere credit 1 Enhanced Commissioning Monitoring-Based Commissioning Basics
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Three components: permanent energy monitoring systems real-time energy analysis ongoing commissioning
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Energy and atmosphere credit 1 Enhanced Commissioning Option 2. Envelope Commissioning envelope systems tests
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a blower door test to determine the air-tightness of an envelope - appropriate for a 20,000-square-foot facility with brick façade and recessed windows. - impractical for a 500,000-square-foot commercial building with a curtain wall façade. For large structures, field mock-up or thermal imaging of the installed façade may better prevent or detect envelope leaks.
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Energy and atmosphere credit 1 Enhanced Commissioning Referenced St andards
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Referenced Standards ASHRAE Guideline 0-2005, The Commissioning Process ASHRAE Guideline 1.1-2007, HVAC&R Technical Requirements for the Commissioning Process NIBS Guideline 3-2012, Exterior Enclosure Technical Requirements for the Commissioning Process
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Enhanced Commissioning Develop ongoing Cx plan
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·· Definition of the ongoing commissioning process ·· Defined roles and responsibilities ·· Recommended schedule for recommissioning as-built systems ·· Continuous documentation and updating of building operating plan and current facility requirements throughout the building's lifetime ·· Blank testing materials, including functional performance tests for all commissioned as-built systems ·· Direction for testing new and retrofitted equipment
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Energy and atmosphere credit 2 Optimize Energy Performance
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Establish an energy performance target which must be established as EUI in kBtu per square foot-year Option 1. Whole-Building Energy Simulation Option 2. Prescriptive Compliance: ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide (must use Option 2 in EA Prerequisite Minimum Energy Performance)
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Energy and atmosphere credit 3 Advanced Energy Metering
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Install advanced energy metering for the following: ·· all whole-building energy sources used by the building; and ·· any individual energy end uses that represent 10% or more of the total annual consumption of the building.
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Energy and atmosphere credit 3 Advanced Energy Metering Identify energy end uses that require advanced energy metering
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·· EA Prerequisite Minimum Energy Performance Option1 must use the whole-building simulation results to determine which end uses must be metered. -Prescriptive Compliance: should use historical end-use data from buildings with similar design and operational characteristics
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Energy and atmosphere credit 4 Demand Response Intent
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energy generation and distribution systems more efficient, increase grid reliability, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions
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Energy and atmosphere credit 4 Demand Response
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a minimum one-year DR participation amount contractual commitment with a qualified DR program provider, with the intention of multiyear renewal, for at least 10% of the estimated peak electricity demand. Peak demand is determined under EA Prerequisite Minimum Energy Performance.
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Energy and atmosphere credit 4 Demand Response Determine peak demand
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EA Prerequisite Minimum Energy Performance -Whole-Building Energy Simulation: take the estimated peak from the model. -Prescriptive Compliance: use space peak load calculations to estimate overall building peak demand
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Energy and atmosphere credit 4 Demand Response Demand response management
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Manual demand response No Energy management control system Building operator or occupants manually turn off end-use systems Not Eligible for credit Semiautomated demand response Energy management control system DR coordinator or other person initiates control strategy programmed into BAS Eligible for credit Fully automated demand response Energy management control system BAS control sequence initiates strategy, without human intervention Eligible for credit
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Energy and atmosphere credit 4 Demand Response Commissioning
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Coordinate with the CxA to include a review of the DR plan in the commissioning of the building's system test procedures, to verify the ability to handle an externally initiated demand response event.
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Energy and atmosphere credit 5 Renewable Energy Production Intent
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INTENT To reduce the environmental and economic harms associated with fossil fuel energy by increasing self-supply of renewable energy.
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Energy and atmosphere credit 5 Renewable Energy Production Set renewable energy target
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-Prescriptive Compliance: U.S. Department of Energy's Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) data
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Energy and atmosphere credit 5 Renewable Energy Production
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Exemplary Performance Renewable energy must account for 15% of total energy. For Core and Shell projects, the threshold is 10%.
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Passive solar building design not eligible
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In passive solar building design, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, and distribute solar energy in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer. This is called passive solar design because, unlike active solar heating systems, it does not involve the use of mechanical and electrical devices
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biofuel
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following biofuels are ineligible: ·· Combustion of municipal solid waste ·· Forest biomass waste other than mill residue ·· Wood coated with paints, plastics, or laminate ·· Wood treated for preservation with materials containing halogens, chlorine compounds, halide compounds,chromated copper arsenate, or arsenic; if more than 1% of the wood fuel has been treated with these compounds, the energy system is ineligible
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Energy and atmosphere Credit 6 Enhanced Refrigerant Management
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Option 1. No Refrigerants or Low-Impact Refrigerants Do not use refrigerants, or use only refrigerants that have an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of zero and a global warming potential (GWP) of less than 50. Option 2. Calculation of Refrigerant Impact
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Energy and atmosphere Credit 6 Enhanced Refrigerant Management
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CFCs, HCFCs commonly used in refrigerants contribute to the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer. HFCs deplete less ozone. HCFC-123 cause less global warming than any HFC
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Energy and atmosphere Credit 6 Enhanced Refrigerant Management trade-offs
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Alternatives such as HFC-410A, have a lower GWP when directly released, but their use may require more energy—which also affects climate. variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems may improve energy efficiency but have a higher refrigerant charge.
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Energy and atmosphere Credit 7 Green Power and Carbon Offsets Engage in a contract for qualified resources that have come online since
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January 1, 2005, for a minimum of five years, to be delivered at least annually. The contract must specify the provision of at least 50% (1 pt) or 100% (2 pt) of the project's energy from green power, carbon offsets, or renewable energy certificates (RECs).
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Energy and atmosphere Credit 7 Green Power and Carbon Offsets ( differentiate with renewable energy )
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Green power and RECs must be Green-e Energy certified or the equivalent. RECs can only be used to mitigate the effects of Scope 2, electricity use. Carbon offsets may be used to mitigate Scope 1 or Scope 2 emissions on a metric ton of carbon dioxide- equivalent basis and must be Green-e Climate certified, or the equivalent.
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Energy and atmosphere Credit 7 Green Power and Carbon Offsets Calculate
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Projects that use green power or RECs must convert their annual grid-generated electricity use to MWh.
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Scope 1 and Scope 2 Emissions
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Scope 1: non-electricity emissions are greenhouse gases emitted directly Scope 2 : electricity emissions are an entity's greenhouse gases associated with purchased electricity
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GHG
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Greenhouse Gas
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Emission standard
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Emission standards are the legal requirements governing air pollutants released into the atmosphere.
