Learning Language – Flashcards
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overextension
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Incorrectly using a word to describe a wider set of objects or actions than what is meant. Says dog when talking about a four legged animal
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underextension
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Incorrectly using a word to describe a narrower set of objects or actions than what is meant. Says blanket only when referring to own blanket
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telegraphic speech
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A speech stage that consists mainly of content words; nonessential words are eliminated.
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overregularization
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A language-learning process in which grammar rules are incorrectly applied to exceptions in the language.
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metalinguistic awareness
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The ability to reflect on the nature and properties of language.
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bilingualism
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The acquisition of two languages.
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language acquisition device (LAD)
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An innate mechanism or process that facilitates language learning.
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linguistic relativity
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The hypothesis that language shapes thought.
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Fast mapping
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Ability to learn a new word after being exposed to it one, factors in raid vocabulary spurt
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Productive vocabulary
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Ability to produce words, Produces 3 to 5- words
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Receptive vocabulary
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Ability to comprehend words, Comprehends more words than can produce
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Telegraphic speech
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Speech stage that consists mainly of content words; nonessential words are eliminated Generally at 2 years old Example: "Give doll." "Want milk."
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mean length of utterance (MLU)
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Average length of spoken statements; measured in morphemes Increases with age Examples: "Kitty", "Pet kitty.", "I want to pet the kitty."
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Oerregularization
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Language-learning process in which grammar rules are incorrectly applied to exceptions in the language Example: "i runned at the park"
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metalinguistic awareness
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ability to reflect on meaning and use of language, understands irony, sarcasm, metaphors
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code switching
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ability to alternate between languages in conversation
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A child who says, "Give cookie," rather than "Will you give me a cookie?" is demonstrating __________. A. underextension B. telegraphic speech C. overregularization D. fast mapping
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B
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Becoming aware of the multiple meanings of spoken or written language, such as recognizing metaphors and sarcasm, is __________. A. fast mapping B. multiple word comprehension C. metalinguistic awareness D. semantic awareness
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C
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Behaviorist Theories
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Behaviorist theories of language acquisition Language is learned through imitation reinforcement, and conditioning Important theorist - B. F. Skinner
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Nativist Theories
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Humans have an innate ability to learn language, Language acquistion device (LAD), Innate mechanism or process that facilitates langauge learning Important theorist Noam Chomsky
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Interactionist Theories
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Nature and nurture are both important to language development, Biologically equipped to learn language, Social exchanges help mold language skills. Important theorists Jean Piaget Jerome Bruner
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Linguistic relativity
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a much debated topic, Hypothesis that language shapes thought, Eskimos have several words to desc rive snow, which affects their perception of their world Opposition Language may influence but it does not determine perception of world
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__________ was a nativist theorist who believed that individuals were born with an innate device or process that assisted in language development. A. B. F. Skinner B. Noam Chomsky C. Herbert Simon D. Steven Pinker
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B
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The hypothesis that language shapes thought is known as __________. A. interactionist theory B. linguistic relativity C. language acquisition device D. nativist theory
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B
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Similarities and Differences between human communication and animal
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Similaities: Ability to meaningfully communicate through symbols Difference: Humans alone have the ability to master complex rules of syntax
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Which of the following cognitive skills have not been displayed by animals? A. using tools B. forming concepts C. transmitting culture D. using syntax
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D
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Which of the following statements is true about animal communication? A. Most researchers agree that animals lack the ability to communicate. B. Most research shows that animal brains are not equipped to communicate. C. Most researchers agree that animals have the capacity to communicate. D. Most research shows that animals have to be taught how to communicate.
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C
