language arts – Flashcards
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affective
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touching the emotions; having to do with feelings
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evoke
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to call forth
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implication
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a logical relationship between two propositions; something suggested
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subtle
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characterized by skill or ingenuity; so slight as to be difficult to detect or describe
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validity
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the quality of being well grounded; sound; supportable
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connotation
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that which is suggested in addition to the primary meaning
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denotation
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the objective meaning of a word; lexical meaning
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victimize
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to make a victim of; to swindle
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a word that stands for something other than its primary meaning is called a......
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symbol
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select the fields where words especially become symbols in writing
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advertising journalism politics
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most of us realize that words may be misleading
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false
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being a critical reader means being willing to trust all of an advertiser's claims
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false
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the actual definition of the object to which a word refers is......
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denotation
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the classifications and feelings that words evoke are called their......
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connotations
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the feelings that a word evokes in the reader are known as the word's......connotation
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affective
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what is the danger of ignoring the subtle connotations behind words
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the reader could be easily deceived and mislead by false information
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directive
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that which serves to direct; indicate, or guide
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context
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the parts that surround a word or passage and clarify its meaning
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literal
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the primary meaning of a term or expression
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gullible
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capable of being deceived
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disillusioned
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disenchanted; disappointed
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accepting a word without reading it closely may cause the reader to read out of......and be misinformed
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context
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directive language is used for manipulation; not for good purposes
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false
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bias
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prejudice; a judgment rarely based on fact
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incite
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to move to action; to spur on
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credential
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evidence or testimonial concerning one's right to credit; confidence, or authority
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implication
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a logical relationship between two propositions; something suggested
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inference
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the act of reasoning from factual knowledge or evidence; a hint or suggestion
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checking on an author's credentials is not necessary
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false
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it is helpful to check on the publisher of the books
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true
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librarians cannot assist in answering questions about publishers and authors
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false
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when in doubt about the reliability of materials, it is wise to consult other books
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true
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all bias is bad
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false
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a reader must be on the watch for
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author bias personal bias
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all writing should appeal only to a person's reason, never to his emotions
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false
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an American can vote for either a democrat or a republican in an election
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unwarranted implication
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the manager's car was stolen. three policemen were at the scene of the crime when it happened
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unwarranted implication
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save a poor, helpless animal's life, visit the animal shelter today
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emotional appeal
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women are terrible drivers
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bias
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you can have your own home fitness center for only 30 cents a day
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oversimplification
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unwarranted implication
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an indirect, unjustifiable suggestion
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oversimplification
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a concise, "easy" answer to a complex problem
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ignored alternatives
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the presentation of only one or two solutions or ideas as the "complete picture"
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emotional appeal
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an appeal made solely to a person's feelings
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propaganda
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ideas, facts, or allegations spread to further one's cause or damage another's
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infallible
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incapable of error
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static
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showing little change; standing still
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gregarious
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tending to associate with others; to be social
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bandwagon
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appealing to what is popular
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transfer
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using a celebrity to advertise a product
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appeal to emotions
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using the audience's feelings as a tool of persuasion
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name-calling
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discrediting someone by linking him or her to words or ideas having negative associations
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black-or-white fallacy
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giving only two choices; ignoring other alternatives
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all propaganda is bad
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false
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exaggeration or misinformation is used in the propaganda technique of appealing to emotion
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true
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the need to belong is not important to most people
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false
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the bandwagon technique is one of the most subtle and powerful techniques used today
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true
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emotional responses and intellectual reasoning are similar reactions to propaganda
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false
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concise
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expressing much in a few words
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recount
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to narrate the facts
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paragraph
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a group of sentences all related to a central idea
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concept
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an idea drawn from the specific
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the paragraph has been called a miniature composition because both
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develop one main idea purposes are similar structures are similar
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all good paragraphs have topic sentences
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false
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any of these three types of paragraphs (narrative, expository, descriptive) can be used in accomplishing the writer's purpose
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true
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the expository paragraph develops around the central idea stated in the topic sentence
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true
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a narrative paragraph tells a story
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true
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every topic sentence should come at the beginning of the expository paragraph
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false
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topic sentences help the reader not miss the connection between the main idea and details
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true
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a paragraph structure determines its purpose
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false
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a single paragraph can use elements of exposition, description, and narration
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true
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a descriptive paragraph structures information by
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spatial organization
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an expository paragraph structures information by
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topic sentence/details
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a narrative paragraph structures information by
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chronological organization
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the concluding sentence should restate or summarize the content of the topic sentence
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true
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longer, more complicated paragraphs need a concluding sentence
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true
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inductively
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reasoning from specific facts to a general conclusion
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deductive
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that which reaches a conclusion by reasoning from the general to the specific
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conspicuous
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prominent; standing out; remarkable
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irrelevant
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having no application or effect
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the door at the front was partially open as I walked into the room
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front
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the paragraph that represents a series of specific statements that lead to a conclusion at the end of a paragraph is a "particular to general"
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true
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the most logical pattern to follow is one that has the main statement at the beginning of the paragraph
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true
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the paragraph having the topic sentence in the middle is known as the inductively developed paragraph
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false
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chronological
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developing a topic using the step-by-step process of events as they occurred
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general to particular
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developing a topic by making an assertion and then supporting it with details
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spatial
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developing a topic by a description of what the author sees
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comparison or contrast
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developing a topic sentence by noting similarities or differences in subjects
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particular to general
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developing a topic by stating facts and then concluding with a topic sentence
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coherence
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logical connection; consistency
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assertion
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a positive statement without support or proof
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ambiguity
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two or more possible meanings; doubtfulness; uncertainty
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continuity
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uninterrupted succession
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the function of transitional words is to......clauses or sentences
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connect
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what are three methods of transition
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continuity of thought pronoun reference transitional words
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composition
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a short school essay
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theatrics
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dramatic effects or wording used for clever openings or conclusions
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marathon
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a long-distance race
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thesis
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a proposition or an argument to be explained or proved
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essay
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short, written composition
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paragraphs may be compared to miniature essays
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true
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essays are rarely based upon opinion
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false
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the thesis of an essay states what the writer intends to prove
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true
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the introduction to an essay should not be biased
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true
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the thesis statement is made in the opening statement of the introduction, and the introduction moves from the general to the particular
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false
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the most important part of an essay is the introduction
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true
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the introductory paragraph
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familiarizes the reader with the subject
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in an introduction
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avoid opening with a biased opinion open with a statement with which the reader can agree
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in your opening statement, avoid
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catchy or clever phrases
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the body of an essay is essentially all the paragraphs between the introduction and the conclusion
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true
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the major point of the body is to have as many paragraphs as possible
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false
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as the writer disproves opposing arguments, he strengthens his own views
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true
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to defend those arguments, or points of view that you believe to be most truthful is important
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true
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reserving the strongest argument until last is not advisable in conclusions
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false
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to maintain coherence and to achieve good organization, use transitional expressions
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true
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transitional words should be used sparingly
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false
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the major point of importance in the body is
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organization
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select three ways to develop paragraphs in the body
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examples incidents reasons
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three tasks you must accomplish in planning the body of your essay are to
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develop a strong case for your thesis research opposing views outline your material
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the last several paragraphs in the body should
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remain in the reader's mind contain the strongest arguments
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using too many words for the same idea is being......
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redundant
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to conclude is to......ideas
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summarize
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the pattern of the conclusion is opposite that of the introduction because it begins with
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a specific statement and moves to general statements
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a concluding sentence and a clincher sentence do not mean the same thing
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false
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a conclusion should restate the thesis
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true
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the concluding paragraph can be the most challenging part of the paper
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true
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the reader formulates his final impression from the closing statement
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true
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composition
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an original paper or essay
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thesis
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what the writer wants to prove
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examples
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statements that support the thesis
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transitional
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words that aid in giving coherence to the essay
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incidents
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actual events or case histories
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topic sentence
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the sentence in a paragraph that tells what the paragraph is about
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summary
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found in the concluding statement
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the body
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portion of essay located between the introduction and conclusion
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general to particular
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a method that works toward the topic sentence
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conclusion
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restates thesis and closes paper
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the conclusion needs to
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restate thesis with variety restate major ideas from body with imagination generalize at the end with a statement the reader can ponder
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drafting is a......step in writing
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preliminary
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proofreading is a......step in writing
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final
