question

Lauren has a caffeine dependency. She has recently noticed that it is detrimentally affecting her sleep and overall quality of life. After researching the most effective way to break the addiction, she has decided to go cold turkey and stop consuming all caffeine production. It has been 3 days since her last cup of coffee, and she is already noticing positive changes in her sleep quality. According to the Stages of Change Model, which stage is Lauren currently in?

answer

Action

question

Jeffrey quit smoking one year ago. He has not relapse at all and feels confident in his behaviors change, although it is still a struggle to be around friends and family who are smoking. According to the Stages of Change Model, which stage is Jeffrey currently in?

answer

Maintenance

question

Which of the following factors would NOT fall into to the community level of the ecological model?

answer

a person's skill set

question

If you are trying to quit smoking, which of the following would be considered a perceived barrier to your behavior change, according to the Health Belief Model?

answer

The majority of your friends are smokers

question

Which of the following would NOT be considered a clinical trial?

answer

a study looking at the effects of a new drug on tumors in mice

question

Which of the following would be considered the most reliable source of health information?

answer

a medical doctor giving you a health recommendation based on a new study published by the New England Journal of Medicine

question

Which of the following is NOT a component of the WHO definition of health?

answer

Environmental

question

Which of the following would be considered an aspect of physical health, as defined by the WHO?

answer

Cardiovascular Disease

question

Which of the following statements about public health is incorrect?

answer

Public Health is the study of the health of an individual

question

Why is the Stages of Change Model often presented as a spiral?

answer

Because relapse is common and you may go through each stage more than once

question

The ecological model identifies the various levels of factors that influence personal health. These levels include individual factors, relationships, community, and societal factors.

answer

True

question

According to the ecological model, several levels of influence affect your personal health. Which of the following factors would be on an individiul or personal level?

answer

Marital status

question

A family health tree is also called a genogram or a genetic pedigree

answer

True

question

Which of the following statements about family health trees is TRUE?

answer

Basic information for each relative in the family health tree includes date of birth, major diseases, age, and cause of death

question

If an individual is healthy, a(n) ___________________ test can be used to assess the individual's risk for developing a particular genetic disease in the future.

answer

Predictive

question

Genetic disorders caused by multiple genes interacting with the environment are called:

answer

Multifactorial

question

Which of the following statements about chromosomes is FALSE?

answer

Different cell types contain different numbers of chromosomes

question

Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, includes which of the following?

answer

Four types of nucleotide bases

question

A child born with Down syndrome has an extra copy of chromosome 21.

answer

True

question

Down syndrome is what type of disorder?

answer

Chromosomal

question

A test designed to look for a gene associated with an autosomal recessive disorder

answer

Carrier test

question

Alternative forms of the same gene are called:

answer

Alleles

question

When a change occurs in a gene, it is called a(n):

answer

Mutation

question

One way to determine if bread is really whole-wheat or whole-grain is to look at nutrition facts to determine the amount of fiber per slice. Two slices of whole grain bread will contain at least 4 grams of fiber.

answer

True

question

Heart disease is an example of a multifactorial illness. Which of the following reasons does NOT support this statement?

answer

A single genetic mutation leads to heart disease.

question

A family health tree should be shared with your health provider.

answer

True

question

If a disease has a genetic link, it usually occurs more frequently among first-degree relatives of a person with the illness than it does in the general population.

answer

True

question

The Human Genome Project confirms that:

answer

A human has the same number of genes as a mouse.

question

People who tend to be impulsive, who need to get things done quickly, and who are sometimes considered hostile, competitive, or impatient, are Type ____ individuals.

answer

A

question

Hostility is related to coronary heart disease and premature death.

answer

True

question

Which system controls our involuntary, unconscious actions?

answer

Autonomic nervous system

question

It is not the stressor itself that creates health problems, but the body's natural responses to it.

answer

True

question

Which of the following personality types describes people who are competitive, impulsive, need to get things done quickly, and live their lives on a time schedule?

answer

Type A

question

People with this quality tend to see problems as temporary and specific.

answer

Optimism

question

The ___________________, or stress response, prepares us with a burst of energy to deal with threats or danger.

answer

Fight-or-flight response

question

Your brain is not fully developed until you reach your:

answer

Early twenties

question

In the hierarchy of needs pyramid, the order of human needs progresses as follows:

answer

Physiological needs; safety and security; love and belongingness; self-esteem; self-actualization

question

The ability to bounce back from a negative event is called __________

answer

Resilience

question

Sleep disorders associated with difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep or excessive sleepiness are labeled ________________.

answer

Dyssomnias

question

In ______________ eating disorder, a person awakens frequently and has difficulty returning to sleep without eating or drinking. Fifty percent of people suffering from the disorder binge eat when they are asleep.

answer

Nocturnal

question

Sleep stages repeat themselves about every ______________ minutes.

answer

90-110

question

Although dreams may occur in all stages of sleep, they generally happen in stages three and four of NREM sleep.

answer

False

question

Which of the following statements about the association between sleep and health is FALSE?

answer

Good nutrition and exercise are more important to a healthy lifestyle than sleep.

question

Sleep _____________ is a condition characterized by nonbreathing periods during sleep.

answer

Apnea

question

Light alerts the biological clock to cease secreting _________________, a hormone that promotes sleep.

answer

Melatonin

question

The time you spend in NREM sleep is divided into _________ distinct stages.

answer

4

question

The human brain cycles into two main states of sleep. They include:

answer

NREM sleep and REM sleep

question

The daily 24-hour cycle of physiological and behavioral functioning is called the __________________ rhythm.

answer

Circadian

question

The increase in the length and frequency of REM sleep episodes that are experienced when a person sleeps for a longer time after a period of sleep deprivation is called the REM ____________________ effect.

answer

Rebound

question

Scientists believe that creative and novel ideas are more likely to flourish during which state of sleep?

answer

REM sleep

question

Melatonin is naturally secreted by the pineal gland in response to darkness; it lowers body temperature and causes drowsiness.

answer

True

question

Lack of sleep that disturbs the restorative process of sleep

answer

Sleep deprivation

question

Typically, an individual experiences one sleep cycle each night.

answer

False

question

Which of the following statements about fats is correct?

answer

Fats can be either saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated

question

Carbohydrates should make up 45-65% of your total caloric intake each day. You should focus on consuming complex carbohydrates, which include more vitamins, minerals, and fiber than simpe or refined carbohydrates. Some examples of complex carbohydrates include brown rice, fruits and vegetables, and whole grain breads and pastas.

answer

True

question

Insoluble fiber is important to include in your diet, because it lowers cholesterol and slows digestions, which helps maintain blood sugar levels.

answer

False

question

The AMDR for dietary fat is 20-35%. What do these numbers mean?

answer

If you consume 2,000 calories per day, 400-700 calories should come from fat sources

question

Which of the following is the correct description of the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)?

answer

quantity of each nutrient to meet the needs of most healthy people

question

Which of the following statements about vitamins and minerals is correct?

answer

There are 20 essential minerals that must be included in the diet

question

Which of the following statements about calories is NOT correct?

answer

Carbohydrates are the most calorie dense macronutrient

question

Reading the nutrition facts is a helpful way to determine the quality of the food you consume. Some important thing to look at are serving size, calories per serving, and calories from fat. Also, you should aim to limit consumption of fiber, protein, and sugar, while increasing intake of sodium, vitamins, and minerals.

answer

False

question

Trans fats are produced through the process of hydrogenation and pose a great health risk. Trans fats should be avoided, as much as possible. The state of California has even banned the use of trans fats in restaurants completely.

answer

True

question

Which of the following is not a macronutrient?

answer

Vitamins

question

Which of the following food is NOT considered a carbohydrate?

answer

a slice of cheese

question

The most important consideration for intake of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids is the ratio in which they are consumed. In general, Americans consume too much Omega 6, and not enough Omega 3.

answer

True

question

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation?

answer

It invovles bouncing movements designed to increase joint range of motion

question

According to the ACSM recommendations for physical activity, which of the following plans would meet the minimum recommendations?

answer

20-mins of jogging, 3 times per week

question

Based on the lecture, which of the following does NOT satify the criteria/recommendations for cardiorespiratory fitness?

answer

Intensity- 50% of THR

question

Sarah has been running the 3 mile loop at Memorial Park 3-4 times per week for almost a year. It takes her about 30-min each time. When she first started this program, she noticed big increases in her cardiorespiratory fitness. Lately, it seems like her fitness level has plateaued. Which general training principle is Sarah not applying to her training program?

answer

Progressive Overload

question

Which of the following exercises will help you develop your cardiorespiratory fitness?

answer

All of these

question

Which of the following components of the acronym FITT is incorrect?

answer

Intervals

question

Regular physical activity prevents or slows the decline in cognitive functioning that is associated with aging.

answer

True

question

Currently, most adults, including college students, living in the US get the recommended amount of daily and weekly physical activity.

answer

False

question

Which of the following would NOT satisfy the Department of Health and Human Services recommendation for weekly physical activity?

answer

a 1-hour, vigorous spin class

question

Women are physiologically unable to gain as much muscle mass as men. Why is this?

answer

Women have lower levels of testosterone, which influences muscle growth

question

Which of the following statements about BMI is NOT correct?

answer

A BMI range from 18.5 to 30 is ideal and associated with a low risk of death

question

When you calculate your daily energy requirements, which of the following factors is not included in the calculation?

answer

Adaptive thermogenesis

question

Which of the following statements about energy balance is correct?

answer

The main determinant of daily energy expenditure is your basal metabolic rate

question

Which of the following is NOT a component of the obesogenic environment?

answer

A high number of fitness centers and parks throughout a neighborhood

question

Obesity is a multifactorial problem, that can rarely be attributed to a single cause or factor. Which of the following factors would NOT increase a person's risk for becoming obese?

answer

Having two healthy weight parents

question

Jack wants to lose weight. He has decided to set some physical activity goals to help him achieve the weight loss. He is a full-time student during the day and also works 4-5 evenings as a server at a popular restaurant, so he doesn't have much free time to schedule formal workouts. Which of the following goals would not be considered SMART goals?

answer

Despite his busy schedule, Jack wants to try to exericse for at least an hour 6 days a week. He plans to buys a membership at a gym across town.

question

Which of the following are useful behavior management tools?

answer

All of these

question

Which of the following individuals falls outside of the healthy, ideal range of body fat percentages?

answer

A female athlete with 8% body fat

question

Which of the following statements about weight loss is INCORRECT?

answer

In order to lose 2 pounds per week, you must achieve a daily calorie deficit of 500 calories per day.

question

Which of the following statements about weight gain is NOT correct?

answer

Weight gain is escpecially pronounced after age 60

question

What percentage of the US population still smokes?

answer

35%

question

Which of the following statements are correct concerning the blood cholestrol profile of a healthy individual?

answer

total cholesterol should not exceed 200 LDL should not exceed 100 HDL should exceed 60

question

The Cardiovascular disease risk for an entering college freshman who is overweight, smoking, and has hypertension is 200% greater than a healthy student.

answer

True

question

According to the lecture, which of the following are the appropriate treatments for an individual with hypertension?

answer

reduce dietary salt intake regular exercise maintain a healthy body weight

question

The key finding of the Framingham Heart Study was that...

answer

the identified risk factors predicted stroke

question

Children cannot develop type II diabetes mellitus because it is "adult onset"

answer

False

question

Which of the following are considered symptoms of type II diabetes mellitus?

answer

elevated CVD risk

question

According to the lecture, hypertension is present when both systolic (>120 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (>80 mmHg) are elevated.

answer

False

question

The most appropriate laboratory method to determine cholesterol profile is accomplished using which type of sample?

answer

blood

question

Due to aggressive warning campaigns promoted by the US government, ciagarette smoking is no longer considered a major health concern.

answer

False

question

What is one of the most important tests for the detection of breast cancer?

answer

monthly self-examination

question

How often should one apply sunscreen to prevent the development of skin cancer?

answer

Every 60 minutes

question

What are the most common forms of cancer in women?

answer

Breast Colon Lung

question

Healthy lifestyle factors, which are known to decrease ones risk of developing cancer are...

answer

No tobacco use Minimal alcohol consumption Regular physical activity Good nutritional habits

question

Skin cancer is the most preventable and most common forms of cancer.

answer

True

question

According to the lecture, what is responsible for the decrease in prevelance of cervical cancer over the past 30 years?

answer

Pap smear test

question

Prostate cancer is most common in men younger than the age of 50.

answer

False

question

When the term "primary" is used regarding lung cancer, which of the following statements would be most correct?

answer

Primary lung cancer is more prevelant today than it was in 1900 due to use of tobacco products Primary suggest that the tumor starting in the individual's lungs

question

How many cancer deaths each year can be attributed to colon/rectal cancer?

answer

12%

question

As of 2005, about 66% of all cancer deaths could be attributed to use of tobacco products.

answer

False

question

Which of the following are risk factors for the development of lung cancer?

answer

-Radiation exposure -Cigarette Smoking

question

The average age for the diagnosis of prostate cancer is 73.

answer

True

question

As of 2001, the estimated number of cancer surviors was...

answer

10,000,000

question

The cause of cancer is not known and most forms of cancer cannot be prevented or cured with early detection

answer

False

question

In terms of the cancer grading scale (i.e. severity), what is the most severe grade?

answer

4

question

What are the most common forms of cancer in men?

answer

-Colon -Prostate -Lung

question

The CDC recently reported that what 35% of Americans will develop Hypertension in the lifetime

answer

False

question

Cholesterol profile has been implicated in the development of various forms of CVD. Which of the following statements are correct regarding HDL cholesterol?

answer

It minimizes the accumulation of plaque in blood vessels

question

The metabolic syndrome is closely linked to insulin resistance

answer

True

question

According to the lecture, which of the following are considered an appropriate treatment for an individual who has high cholesterol?

answer

-consume a diet low in fats and cholesterol - lose excess fat weight - exercise regularly

question

Jack wants to lose weight. He has decided to set some physical activity goals to help him achieve the weight loss. He is a full-time student during the day and also works 4-5 evenings as a server at a popular restaurant, so he doesn't have much free time to schedule formal workouts. Which of the following goals would not be considered SMART goals?

answer

Despite his busy schedule, Jack wants to try to exericse for at least an hour 6 days a week. He plans to buys a membership at a gym across town.

question

Epidemiological data indicates that obesity is associated with all of the following, except:

answer

Breast cancer

question

One way to determine if bread is really whole-wheat or whole-grain is to look at nutrition facts to determine the amount of fiber per slice. Two slices of whole grain bread will contain at least 4 grams of fiber.

answer

True

question

Which of the following statements about protein is NOT correct?

answer

Protein is made up of 20 essential amino acids

question

Which of the following is not a category of the Dietary Reference Intake?

answer

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range

question

Which of the following statements about water is correct?

answer

Drinking adequate amounts of water can help replenish electrolyte stores and maintain fluid balance

question

Which of the following statements about complex carbohydrates is correct?

answer

The usually contain a high amount of vitamins, minerals, and protein

question

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is NOT correct?

answer

Carbohydrates contain 9 calorie per gram

question

If a nutrient is essential, it means that the body cannot manufacture it. Thus, it must be included in the diet to ensure that the body gets everything it needs to function properly.

answer

True

question

The vitamin A RDA for men is 3,000 IU. What does this number mean?

answer

That is the amount of vitamin A that should be consumed daily to avoid vitamin A deficiency

question

Trans fats are produced through the process of hydrogenation and pose a great health risk. Trans fats should be avoided, as much as possible. The state of California has even banned the use of trans fats in restaurants completely.

answer

True

question

Which of the following statements about fiber is NOT correct?

answer

Total fiber intake refers to the total amount of soluble and insoluble fiber included in the diet

question

Which type of stretching is when a partner stretches your muscle for you by applying pressure?

answer

Passive stretching

question

Regular physical activity benefits nearly every physiological system. Which of the following is not one of the physiological benefits of regular physical activity?

answer

Increased muscle resistance to insulin

question

Muscular strength can be measured by the number of pushups you can complete.

answer

False

question

Which of the following would not be a measure of muscular endurance?

answer

The maximum amount of weight you can squat one time

question

Just under half of US college students meet the minimum recommendations for daily physical activity.

answer

True

question

Sarah has been running the 3 mile loop at Memorial Park 3-4 times per week for almost a year. It takes her about 30-min each time. When she first started this program, she noticed big increases in her cardiorespiratory fitness. Lately, it seems like her fitness level has plateaued. Which general training principle is Sarah not applying to her training program?

answer

Progressive Overload

question

Terry is training to run a marathon. As he begins to design his training program, he knows that he will obviously need to spend a great deal of his workout time running. Thus, his program incorporates mostly running mixed in with some strength training. Which general training principle is he applying in this situation.

answer

Specificity

question

Which of the following strength training prescriptions does NOT follow the ACSM recommendations?

answer

4-5 full body sessions per week

question

Women are physiologically unable to gain as much muscle mass as men. Why is this?

answer

Women have lower levels of testosterone, which influences muscle growth

question

The maximun amount of weight you can bench press one time (1 rep max) would be a measure of muscular strength.

answer

True

question

Leticia is overweight and needs to lose a significant amount of weight to acheive a healthy body composition. Which of the following physical recommendations would you give her in order to help her acheive a healthy body composition?

answer

Exercise for at least 60-min, 5 days per week.

question

Molly often awakes snorting and gasping for air in the middle of the night. Molly most likely has what sleep disorder?

answer

Sleep Apnea

question

Characterized by disagreeable sensations in the limbs, usually the legs

answer

Restless leg syndrome

question

People with a(n) __________________ disorder will rise out of an apparent deep sleep and act as if they were awake.

answer

Sleepwalking

question

Which of the following dyssomnias is the most common in adults?

answer

Insomnia

question

Mentally healthy individuals try to control irrational thoughts and levels of stress.

answer

True

question

Person rises out of an apparently deep sleep and acts as if awake

answer

Sleepwalking disorder

question

It is not the stressor itself that creates health problems, but the body's natural responses to it

answer

True

question

Research on positive psychology has led scientists to identify six virtues that "enable human thriving." One of these is:

answer

Temperance

question

What bodily changes are associated with the sympathetic nervous system's response during stress?

answer

Metabolism increases

question

Which of the following is most strongly associated with mental health?

answer

Optimism

question

The ability to bounce back from an adverse event is known as:

answer

Resilience

question

Kristi's friends all describe her as cool and less easily frustrated. Kristi most likely has which type of personality type?

answer

Type B

question

During the fight-or-flight response, the _____________________ system is responsible for initiating a series of changes in the body, such as increasing heart rate.

answer

Sympathetic nervous

question

Research suggests that our personality traits are inherited at conception.

answer

True

question

Which of the following is NOT considered a treatment for genetic disorders?

answer

Genetic counseling

question

If an individual is healthy, a(n) ___________________ test can be used to assess the individual's risk for developing a particular genetic disease in the future.

answer

Predictive

question

Todd's father developed Alzheimer's disease at age 46. Todd has no symptoms, but took a genetic test to assess his risk of developing early-onset Alzheimer's disease. What type of test did Todd undergo?

answer

Predictive

question

The two chains that DNA consists of are joined in a(n) ___________________ structure.

answer

Double Helix

question

According to the ecological model, several levels of influence affect your personal health. Which of the following factors would be on an individiul or personal level?

answer

Age

question

A(n) __________________ is the result of a mutation in just one gene.

answer

Single-gene disorder

question

The Health Belief Model acknowledges that people often are ambivalent toward behaviors change and presents behavior change as a process, rather than a one-step solution.

answer

False

question

Jeffrey quit smoking one year ago. He has not relapse at all and feels confident in his behaviors change, although it is still a struggle to be around friends and family who are smoking. According to the Stages of Change Model, which stage is Jeffrey currently in?

answer

Maturity

question

Lauren has a caffeine dependency. She has recently noticed that it is detrimentally affecting her sleep and overall quality of life. After researching the most effective way to break the addiction, she has decided to go cold turkey and stop consuming all caffeine production. It has been 3 days since her last cup of coffee, and she is already noticing positive changes in her sleep quality. According to the Stages of Change Model, which stage is Lauren currently in?

answer

Action

question

Which of the following is NOT a health-related behavior choice?

answer

Having access to a company gym

question

Health is often viewed as a continuum between premature death and complete well-being.

answer

False

question

The ecological model identifies the various levels of factors that influence personal health. These levels include individual factors, relationships, community, and societal factors.

answer

True

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