question

Broadly encompasses a range of diseases of the heart and blood vessels

answer

Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

question

In order for it to be classified as CVD, it has to affect the heart ______ or _______ itself

answer

muscle or vessel

question

CVD can induce other potentially devastating diseases, like _______ ______ or _________

answer

heart attack or stroke

question

Leading causes of death in the United States today 1 2 3 4

answer

CVD Cancer Lung Disease Stroke

question

_____-_____% of young adults (18-40) have some form of CVD

answer

15-20%

question

_______ of people have some type of CVD

answer

1/3

question

_______ is the BIGGEST killer in both men and women in the U.S today

answer

CVD

question

How many deaths does CVD account for in the U.S. alone?

answer

at least 30%

question

CVD greatly decreases ______ ____ _____(heart attack, stroke can lose many different abilities)

answer

quality of life

question

_____ can start early in life and you can see it in adolescents

answer

CVD

question

CVD Affects the _______and ______ ______

answer

heart and blood vessels

question

CVD diminishes the cardiovascular system's ability to deliver _____ and _____to cells and remove ________ _______ and other ________ from cells

answer

oxygen and energy carbon dioxide and other wastes

question

Hardening or stiffening of the arteries due to abnormal accumulations such as _________ ________

answer

Atherosclerosis plaque build up

question

What are other causes of atherosclerosis?

answer

high cholesterol saturated and trans fats high blood pressure

question

answer

Atherosclerosis

question

List the 7 forms of CVD

answer

Hypertension Coronary Heart Disease Angina Pectoris (chest pain) Arrhythmias: irregular heart beat Congenital heart disease Congestive heart failure Stroke

question

____________ :high blood pressure

answer

hypertension

question

_____ of all Americans have high blood pressure

answer

1/3

question

What is the most common form of cardiovascular disease?

answer

hypertension

question

__________ Is a disease itself but is also a risk factor of other forms of CVD

answer

hypertension

question

Pre-hypertensive: (_____-_____)

answer

120-139

question

normal blood pressure=

answer

115/75

question

What are some risk factors for hypertension?

answer

Kidney and Heart abnormality Genetics Obesity Stress Sleep apnea

question

__________ _________ ___________: where Atherosclerosis actually occurs in hearts main blood vessel

answer

coronary heart disease

question

__________ ___________ is caused by reduced blood flow / reduced oxygen supply Happens when there is _______: lack of blood flow

answer

Angina pectoris ischemia

question

Some people live in a state called _________ _________

answer

stable angina

question

Who experiences actual chest pain?

answer

men

question

before menopause for women, chest pain feels to them like ______

answer

indigestion

question

___________: irregular heart beat

answer

arrhythmias

question

______ _________ Americans have arrhythmias per year can be ____ or _____

answer

2.5 million slow or fast

question

________ _________: fibrillation that occurs and must be treated instantly or it will kill you

answer

Sporadic arrhythmia

question

_______ _________ ______: causes congestion in all different body tissues and blood accumulates extra fluid in lungs (very hard to breathe)

answer

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

question

Is there a cure for congestive heart failure?

answer

No, only medication to manage it

question

IN CHF, the ______ _____ itself is damaged or overworked so it becomes too weak to do what it needs to do

answer

heart muscle

question

_________ ___________ _____ is present at birth -_________ plays a role in this

answer

congenital heart disease genetics

question

If the mother of an unborn child uses alcohol, the baby could be born with ___________ ________ __________

answer

congenital heart disease

question

A ___________ happens when you have loss of function in brain caused by blockage or rupture in blood vessel

answer

stroke

question

What is the 4th leading cause of death?

answer

stroke

question

_________ __________ : blockage within a blood vessel (lack of oxygen)

answer

ischemic stroke

question

__________ _________ : blood vessel bursts or ruptures

answer

hemorrhagic stroke

question

strokes are either ______ or ______

answer

mild or major

question

Depending on what region of the brain was affected, there is a shot known as _____ that you give to stroke victims within 3 hours of the stroke that can slow down the effects of the stroke

answer

TPA

question

_____________ ______________ ________ is a protein involved in the breakdown of blood clots

answer

Tissue plasminogen activator

question

Congenital cardiovascular defects ____ defects per 1,000

answer

8

question

Most prevalent CVD in the U.S. is __________ the least is ________

answer

hypertension arrhythmia

question

What are some risk factors that you can control when it comes to CVD?

answer

Tobacco use Hypertension High levels of fats in your blood Being overweight and obesity Physical inactivity Diabetes mellitus Metabolic syndrome Stress Poor Nutrition Excessive Alcohol Use

question

At least ___________ tobacco users die each year related to CVD

answer

50,000

question

If you use tobacco, you are ___-____ times likely to develop heart disease

answer

2-4

question

_______ forces the heart to work harder

answer

Nicotine

question

What does hypertension damage?

answer

Blood Vessels

question

What does being overweight or obese do to the heart muscle?

answer

strains it

question

If you are ______or _______ you are more likely to develop forms of CVD even if there are no other risk factors

answer

overweight or obese

question

Being ________ is one of the greatest risk factors for CVD

answer

inactive

question

_____ % of people with diabetes will die of a CVD

answer

50%

question

people with _______ have an Increased risk for CVD even if blood sugar levels are controlled

answer

diabetes

question

_______ _____ Americans have metabolic syndrome

answer

50 million

question

To lower your risk of CVD, you need to manage _____, to be aware of what you ____, and don't consume too much ______

answer

stress, eat, alcohol

question

Prehypertension diastolic reading=

answer

80-89

question

Stage 1 hypertension systolic reading=

answer

140-159

question

Stage 1 hypertension diastolic reading=

answer

90-99

question

Stage 2 hypertension systolic reading=

answer

160 or higher

question

Stage 2 hypertension diastolic reading=

answer

100 or higher

question

Elevated blood triglycerides =

answer

greater than or equal to 150 mg/dL

question

reduced blood HDL cholesterol in men and women is .....

answer

men-less than 40 mg/dL women-less than 50 mg/dL

question

elevated fasting blood glucose is __________________________

answer

greater than or equal to 100 mg/dL

question

elevated blood pressure: systolic and diastolic

answer

systolic: greater than or equal to 130 mm Hg diastolic: blood pressure greater than or equal to 85 mm Hg

question

increased waist circumference in men and women

answer

men-greater than or equal to 40 inches women-greater than or equal to 35 inches

question

What are the main risk factors of CVD?

answer

Heredity, age, gender, race

question

what increases your risk of CVD?

answer

heredity

question

CVD increases with _____ _____ of people who have heart attacks are over _____

answer

age 75% 65

question

Men are at _____ risk for CVD until about age 60 (women have gone through menopause and estrogen levels drop and become equally at risk as men)

answer

greater

question

Highest risk for CVD according to race 1 2 3

answer

African American Caucasian Hispanic

question

How can someone avoid CVD?

answer

Don't use tobacco. Eat well. Exercise regularly. Manage your stress. Control diabetes. Avoid alcohol and drug abuse (no more than 1 drink a day for women and 2 for men)

question

What is diabetes?

answer

The inability to properly produce or use insulin

question

a pancreatic hormone needed to convert sugar and other substances into energy

answer

insulin

question

_________ is the fastest growing chronic diseases

answer

diabetes

question

__________ _____ _________ autoimmune disease (body attacks itself) this is where the body's ability to make insulin is destroyed

answer

Type 1 diabetes

question

high level of sugar in the blood

answer

Hyperglycemia

question

Type 1 diabetes has a strong chance of _______ and it develops in __________

answer

inheritance childhood

question

_____% of people are considered type 1 diabetes

answer

5%

question

How do you manage type 1 diabetes?

answer

by taking insulin

question

People with type 1 diabetes have to pay close attention to what they _____, ______ and have to _____ on a regular basis for insulin to work better.

answer

eat stress exercise

question

_________ ____ ________ lose ability for body to respond to insulin

answer

Type 2 diabetes

question

What ages do people usually get Type 2 diabetes?

answer

35-64

question

Type 2 diabetes is when the pancreas produces ______ amount of insulin or body cells are _______ to the insulin produced

answer

insufficient resistant

question

Being _______ and being ______ are the strongest cases for causeing type 2

answer

inactive obese

question

Majority of diabetics -->____ - ____% are type 2

answer

90-92%

question

_______ _____ _______ is managed by losing weight, exercise, medicine, and diet

answer

Type 2 diabetes

question

women can get ________ __________ during pregnancy

answer

gestational diabetes

question

Will gestational diabetes go away after birth? But what does it increase later in life?

answer

yes type 2 diabetes

question

______ ______ is when blood sugar is higher than normal but not high enough to be considered diabetic How many have this?

answer

Pre diabetes 57 million age 20+

question

What are 2 common diabetes symptoms?

answer

Excessive thirst Frequent urination

question

What is the leading cause of death in the United States?

answer

Lung Disease

question

Lung disease includes chronic diseases such as _____, _______, and _______

answer

asthma, emphysema, and bronchitis

question

A chronic disease in which the lungs' airways swell, restricting airflow

answer

asthma

question

What does COPD stand for?

answer

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

question

COPD includes two lung diseases that ______ _____ and create ________ _______

answer

disrupt airflow breathing problems

question

_________ is a toxic substances irritate and damage cells of alveoli -as alveoli is destroyed, a patent a patient experiences a _______ ____ ______

answer

emphysema shortness of breath

question

______ _______ is a toxic substances that irritates bronchial tubes -inflamed bronchial tubes causes excess ______ which impairs your breathing

answer

chronic bronchitis mucus

question

In ___-___% of cases of COPD, smoking is the primary risk factor.

answer

85-90%

question

________ is a chronic, degenerative disease marked by thinning, brittle bones

answer

osteoporosis

question

osteoporosis makes it very easy to ______ ______

answer

break bones

question

Over ____ of Americans older than age _____ have osteoporosis or early signs of it -more common in _____ _______ _____ improves osteoporosis

answer

1/2 50 women resistance training

question

____ is a bone density test used in osteoporosis

answer

Dexa

question

Who is at greater risk for osteoporosis?

answer

-Female, thin, or older than age 50 -Older than age 50 and have broken a bone -Have a low bone mass reading -Have a close relative with the disease

question

What are the different Hormonal, Nutritional, and Lifestyle choices that effect Osteoporosis?

answer

estrogen levels calcium and vitamins smoking and drinking

question

What ethnicity gets osteoporosis the most?

answer

Asian women Hispanic women Caucasian men

question

A group of joint diseases characterized by acute or chronic inflammation of joints is known as _______

answer

arthritis

question

Characteristics of arthritis are:

answer

Dysfunction, aching, swelling, stiffness

question

very slow progressive joint disease it is a breakdown of cartilage due to injury or lack of use

answer

osteoarthritis

question

can be described as bone on bone rubbing together

answer

osteoarthritis

question

autoimmune disease that is characterized by swelling, chronic inflammation, and pain particularly in joints

answer

rheumatoid arthritis

question

Because rheumatoid arthritis is a genetically determined autoimmune disease, risk increases if a close family member has ______, _______, or______ ____ _____________.

answer

asthma, lupas, and type one diabetes

question

the risk for _______ arthritis is higher in women

answer

rheumatoid

question

the most controlable risk factor for arthritis is ______ ______

answer

body weight

question

Osteoarthritis is ____ times more likely to develop than rheumatoid arthritis.

answer

10

question

Risk factors of arthritis include advanced _____, _______, _________, _________, ________ _________, ________ and ______ deficiency

answer

age genetics injuries obesity physical weakness vitamin and hormone

question

______ is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

answer

cancer

question

What is the second most common cause of United States deaths?

answer

cancer

question

Nearly _____ of all men and _____ ______ of all women will develop cancer.

answer

half one-third

question

What are a few things you can do to lower your risk of cancer?

answer

Diet Physical Activity Stress Management/Social Support

question

______ causes many cancers and if they are obese and get cancer they're chances of surviving cancer is ______

answer

Obesity harder

question

Obesity increases risk of cancer ________ ______

answer

coming back

question

Glass of red wine reduces _______ problems in men

answer

cardiac

question

Alcohol consumption causes _______ cancer risks to go up

answer

breast

question

What are the 2 best prevented cancers?

answer

colon and cervical cancer

question

Lung cancer patients are more at risk for getting _____ and _____ cancer and even a new _____ cancer

answer

head and neck, lung

question

_______ is known as non-cancerous cells that stay together and do not spread, don't serve any physiological function, considered harmless unless of location or their growth overcrowds surroundings

answer

Benign

question

Only takes one damaged cell to make a _____

answer

tumor

question

__________ is the spread of cancer

answer

Metastasis

question

______ need their own ______ supply to grow.

answer

Tumors blood

question

__________ occurs when malignant cells produce growth factors that induce capillaries (blood vessels) to supply the tumor with oxygen and nutrients, helping it to grow

answer

Angiogenesis

question

______ ________ are now targeting prevention of angiogenesis

answer

cancer treatments

question

________: one abnormal cell grows and multiplies more rapidly than normal even cells inside the tumor can change form and can have different cancer cells inside tumor.

answer

malignant

question

________: how cancer spreads

answer

metastasis

question

________ are solid tumors that arise in epithelial tissue (skin, tissue that lines body cavities)

answer

Carcinomas

question

__________: solid tumors that arise in muscles, bone, and other connective tissues

answer

Sarcomas

question

____________: not necessarily solid cells malignant growth of white blood cells called lymphocytes and are abnormal in some manner (lymph nodes, lymphatic _____ , infection fighting related organs)

answer

Lymphomas

question

___________: non-solid cancers that increase number of white blood cells, detected in blood forming parts of the body (bone marrow and spleen) **Number ONE diagnosed cancer in children

answer

Leukemia

question

Cancer stages are ____-____ ____ least severe/ ____ very aggressive

answer

1-4 1 4

question

Oncologists recognize four stages of cancer based on: 1 2 3 4

answer

Tumor size Number of Lymph Nodes effected Degree of Metastasis ___________

question

Causes can be external also known as ________ factors, termed __________ EX:

answer

environmental carcinogens tobacco/radiation

question

Cancer causes can be internal as a function of genetics, collectively termed ______

answer

oncogenes

question

______ cancer is the MOST COMMON cancer

answer

Skin

question

Many _____ cancers can be cured

answer

skin

question

_________ ________ is rarer but more deadly

answer

Malignant Melanoma

question

_______ ______ new cases skin cancer each year

answer

3.5 million

question

95% of skin cancer involves _______ or ________ cell ___________

answer

basal squamous carcinoma

question

Basal and squamous cell carcinoma are grow very ______ and are _______ curable.

answer

slow highly

question

5% are __________ __________ (very rare) do see deaths from this and grows very quickly and difficult to treat

answer

malignant melanoma

question

What age do dermatologists usually see malignant melanoma and in what ethnicity?

answer

Caucasian women ages 30-34

question

What makes a person more at risk for skin cancer?

answer

sunburn easily, light skinned, light haired, and light eyes

question

answer

Malignant melanoma

question

What is the ABCD rule?

answer

A-asymmetry (if you cut it in half and not the same on both sides it is dangerous) B-border irregularity: (cut/jagged) C-color that is not uniform (lots of dark or other types of color) D-diameter (if larger than 6 mm size of a pea, it can be dangerous)

question

________ ________ is the leading killer

answer

Lung cancer

question

Only about ___-___% of people with lung cancer survive more than 5 years after diagnosis

answer

16-17%

question

What is key when dealing with lung cancer?

answer

early detection

question

When people are diagnosed with lung cancer, what stage are they usually in by that point?

answer

3-4 stage

question

Number one risk factor for lung cancer is ___________ * ___-___% are in smokers

answer

smoking 87-88%

question

________ cancer strikes mainly women, but can occur in men

answer

Breast

question

Breast cancer is the ______ leading cause of death for women

answer

second

question

High uses of _______ increase breast cancer risk

answer

alcohol

question

Breast cancer success rate is about ____% survival rate 5 years out

answer

90%

question

_________ factors may play a big role in someones risk of getting breast cancer

answer

Genetic

question

What is recommended to help prevent breast cancer?

answer

Self-exams and yearly check ups

question

What are the types of female reproductive tract cancers?

answer

ovarian, uterine, and cervical cancer

question

_________ cancer has few overt early signs

answer

ovarian

question

________ cancer is usually found in the latter stages and can be very detrimental

answer

ovarian

question

Risks of getting ovarian cancer include: 1 2 3 4 5

answer

Prior cancer history Early sexual activity Multiple sex partners Herpes HPV

question

Cervical cancer patients-usually have _______

answer

HPV

question

______ _______ are helpful in determining cancer

answer

pap smears

question

What are the 2 genes that have been linked to cause breast cancer? These have the ability to be screened and have the option of having an elected mastectomy is BRCA is found.

answer

BRCA 1 and BRCA 2

question

What are the male reproductive tract cancers?

answer

prostate and testicular cancer

question

____% of men who have prostate cancer are over 50

answer

97%

question

What can be some signs of having a reproductive tract cancer?

answer

Pain in certain areas, hard time urinating, and blood in urine

question

Testicular cancer starts at ages ____-____

answer

20-35

question

What are 2 risk factors of testicular cancer?

answer

genetics birth defects

question

_______ cancer is the third most common cancer in both men and women

answer

Colon

question

colon cancer is usually found in the _____ stages

answer

latter

question

Colon or rectal cancer has ____ symptoms in its early stages.

answer

NO

question

A _________ can detect pre-cancerous cells

answer

colonoscopy

question

What can help decrease the risk of getting colon cancer? 1 2 3

answer

Regular exercise Low-fat diet Lots of fruits and vegetables

question

Risk factors of _______ ________ include: being male, age older than 45, smoking, eating a high-fat diet, having diabetes, and having a family history of cancer.

answer

Pancreatic cancer

question

__________ occurs as both acute and chronic types and strikes both sexes and all age groups

answer

Leukemia

question

Most common form of childhood cancer

answer

Leukemia

question

What are some symptoms of Leukemia?

answer

flu like symptoms that stay for weeks or months testing positive for anemia headaches vomiting

question

_________ ______ can reduce your risk of cancer

answer

lifestyle choices

question

_______ factors play a role in cancer risk

answer

biological factors

question

_______ plays a role in cancer risk

answer

genetics

question

___________ ________ such as estrogen can increase the risk of cancer

answer

reproductive hormones

question

an early onset of a woman's _______ cycle and the use of ______ _____

answer

menstrual birth control

question

100% of women who have cervical cancer have _____ or ______ ______

answer

HPV or genital warts

question

__________ _________: How great of a chance you have of developing cancer at sometime in your lifetime

answer

lifetime risk

question

___________ ___________: How likely you are to develop cancer when participating in an action that is known to cause cancer

answer

Relative risk

question

25x higher that you will develop lung cancer as opposed to someone who doesn't smoke is an example of a __________ __________

answer

relative risk

question

Hepatitis/anabolic steroid use increase relative risk of developing _______ cancer

answer

liver

question

____% of all cancer deaths are directly related to being obese or overweight (harder time to recover/respond to treatments)

answer

40%

question

People under ______ ________ (long-term) or __________ have a higher chance to get cancer because multiple hormones are triggered to help cope with _____ but these hormones can turn on the body and start to deteriorate or a mutation in a cell can occur

answer

chronic stress depression

question

What is the caution acronym for cancer prevention?

answer

Change in bowel or bladder habits A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing Obvious change in a wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness

question

________ is when you use targeted ionizing energy to destroy malignant cells or somehow cause cancer cells to stop growing

answer

Radiation

question

Common practice which involves use of drugs to cause cancer cells

answer

Chemotherapy

question

_______ and _______ ________ are drugs that can be given to individuals to boost immune system to fight off cancer cells

answer

Immunotherapies or gene therapies

question

Which STD's are bacterial? How do you treat it?

answer

Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis Gardnerella, trichomoniasis, etc. Antibiotics

question

Which STD"s are parasitic? How do you treat it?

answer

Public Lice "Crabs" Scabies Topical treatment

question

Which STD's are viral? How do you treat this? What is key to remember about viral STD's?

answer

HPV (human papilloma virus) and genital warts Herpes (Type 1 = oral, Type II = genital) Hepatitis B HIV Can't treat it, it can only be managed. Remain in the body for lifetime

question

_______ is transferred through the mucous membranes Symptoms: Cervicitis, Urethritis, Proctitis Up to 50% of men and 75% of women are symptomatic and it is curable with antibiotics (treat partner too) Complications: Reiter's Syndrome in Men (arthritis, redness in eyes, urinary problems) PID in Women Infertility

answer

Chlamydia

question

Transmission: Mucous Membranes (anus, penis, vagina, vulva, mouth, eyes) Symptoms: Yellow or white discharge/drip, Urethritis, frequent urination, bleeding between periods/after sex, heavier & more painful periods, lower abdominal pain, epididymitis. Many are asymptomatic; 2-21 day incubation period Complications: Heart, skin, joint problems Infertility

answer

Gonorrhea

question

With a rate of 198.4 per 100,000 persons, Louisiana has the _____ highest rate of Gonorrhea infection in the country

answer

2nd

question

In 2010 in LA, what was the age group with the most cases of Gonorrhea?

answer

20-24

question

Syphilis is one of the ____ most commonly reported STIs

answer

3rd

question

Since 2006, Louisiana has consistently had the highest rates of primary and secondary ______ compared to other states in the nation

answer

syphilis

question

Transmission: Body fluids, Mucous Membranes (anus, penis, vagina, vulva, mouth) Symptoms: Many are asymptomatic; Primary phase - usually painless chancres on/in the sex organs, mouth, breasts, anus, or fingers; Secondary phase - flu-like symptoms, skin rash all over body, hair loss; Latent phase - usually asymptomatic but organisms still multiply in the body Complications: Tertiary Stage - Brain, spinal cord, & heart problems; blindness, miscarriage, birth defects

answer

Syphilis

question

_________ is transmitted via sexual contact 50% of women - no symptoms Men-no symptoms but carriers Vaginal infection, not only STI Symptoms-increased gray discharge with unusual odor

answer

Bacterial Vaginosis (Gardnerella)

question

_________ ________ Transmission: highly contagious, via contact, sheets, towels, clothing, mattress, toilet seat. Symptoms: red bumps, severe itching, irritation. Can occasionally be found on other coarse body hair, such as leg hair, armpits, mustache, beard, eyebrows or eyelashes

answer

Pubic Lice

question

______ _____ have 3 stages: the ____ (also called a nit), the ______ and the ________ Treatment: topical skin medications.

answer

Pubic Lice egg nymph adult

question

Approximately _____ _______ Americans are infected with HPV

answer

79 million

question

_____ _______ people newly infected each year with HPV.

answer

14 million

question

At least ____% of sexually active men and women get it at some point in their lives

answer

50%

question

Most people with ____ do not know they have it because most people do not develop symptoms or health problems from it

answer

HPV

question

In ____% of cases, the body's immune system clears HPV naturally within 2 years

answer

90%

question

HPV infections that don't naturally clear can cause serious ________ _______

answer

health problems

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