Jowett Midterm - Flashcards

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public class First { public static void main(String[ ] args) { System.out.println("First Java application"); } } Given the above code, which item identifies the method's return type?

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void

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public class First { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("First Java application"); } } Given the above code, which item identifies that the method will work without instantiating an object of the class?

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static

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A ____ is an error not detected until the program asks the computer to do something wrong, or even illegal, while executing.

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run-time error

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A program written in ____ is the most basic circuitry-level language.

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machine language

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A(n) ____ defines the circumstances under which a class can be accessed and the other classes that have the right to use a class.

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access specifier

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After a successful compile, you can run the class file on any computer that has a ____.

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Java Language Interpreter

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If a compiler detects a violation of language rules, it refuses to translate the class to ____.

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machine code

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If you receive an error that states, "Exception in thread 'main' java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError," when you try to execute the application, you probably do not have your ____ set correctly.

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class path

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In Java, the reserved keyword ____ means that a method is accessible and usable even though no objects of the class exist.

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static

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In a ____ environment, you can change directories using the cd command. For example, to change to a directory named MyClasses, you type cd MyClasses and press Enter.

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DOS

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It is a tradition among programmers that the first program you write in any language produces "____" as its output.

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Hello, world!

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It is best to use the ____ available text editor when writing Java programs.

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simplest

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Java contains a class named ____ that allows you to produce dialog boxes.

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JOptionPane

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Line comments start with ____.

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two forward slashes

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Locating and repairing all syntax errors is part of the process of ____ a program.

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debugging

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Programs that are embedded in a Web page are called Java ____.

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applets

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When you run a Java application using the ____ command, do not add the .class extension to the filename.

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java

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Whenever a method requires multiple arguments, the arguments are always separated with ____.

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commas

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____ are also called modules, methods, functions, and subroutines. Java programmers most frequently use the term "method."

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Procedures

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____ are pieces of information that are sent into, or passed to, a method, usually because the method requires the information to perform its task or carry out its purpose.

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arguments

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____ describes the feature of languages that allows the same word to be interpreted correctly in different situations based on the context.

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Polymorphism

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____ is the process the compiler uses to divide your source code into meaningful portions; the message means that the compiler was in the process of analyzing the code when the end of the file was encountered prematurely.

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Parsing

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____ refers to the hiding of data and methods within an object.

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Encapsulation

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public class First { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("First Java application"); } } Given the above code, which item identifies the name of the class?

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First

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{ public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("First Java application"); } } Given the above code, which item identifies the access specifier?

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Public

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Allow you to assign intuitive names to areas of computer memory Any combination of nonprinting characters The characteristics that define an object A low-level programming language Translates an entire program before carrying out the statement The rules for the programming language Hypothetical computer used to run a Java program Series of characters that will appear in output exactly as entered A GUI object resembling a window in which you can place messages you want to display

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high level programming language whitespace attributes machine language compiler syntax Java Virtual Machine literal string dialog box

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A ____ is a named memory location that you can use to store a value.

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variable

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A data item is ____ when it cannot be changed while a program is running.

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constant

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A(n) ____ dialog box asks a question and provides a text field in which the user can enter a response.

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input

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A(n) ____ dialog box typically displays the options Yes, No, and Cancel.

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confirm

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A(n) ____ variable can hold only one of two values: true or false.

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boolean

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Each primitive type in Java has a corresponding class contained in the java.lang package. These classes are called ____ classes.

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type wrapper

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In Java, ____ is a built-in class that provides you with the means for storing and manipulating character strings.

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string

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In Java, when a numeric variable is concatenated to a String using the ____, the entire expression becomes a String.

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plus sign

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In Java, you use variables of type ____ to store integers, or whole numbers.

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int

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Primitive types serve as the building blocks for more complex data types, called ____ types.

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reference

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The ____ is the type to which all operands in an expression are converted so that they are compatible with each other.

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unifying type

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The characters ____ move the cursor to the next line when used within a println() statement.

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/n

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The percent sign is the ____ operator.

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remainder

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The term ____ refers to the mathematical accuracy of a value.

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significant digits

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What is the value of result after the following statement is executed? int result = 2 + 3 * 4;

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14

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When a numeric variable is concatenated to a String, the entire expression becomes a(n) ____.

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string

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Which escape sequence will move the cursor to the beginning of the current line?

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r

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Which of the following is NOT a component of a variable declaration statement?

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symbolic constant

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You can store any character, including nonprinting characters such as a backspace or a tab, in a(n) ____ variable.

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char

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You may declare an unlimited number of variables in a statement as long as the variables are ____.

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the same data type

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You use ____ operators to perform calculations with values in your programs.

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arithmetic

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You use the ____ data type to hold any single character.

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char

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____ occurs when both of the operands are integers.

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Integer Division

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____ refers to the order in which values are used with operators.

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Associativity

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true or false The operator that is represented by an equal sign (=) A programming term for an unknown value Java consistently specifies their size and format A value that can be used on either side of an operator Rules for the order in which parts of a mathematical expression are evaluated A floating-point data type Created by placing the desired result type in parentheses Begins with a backslash followed by a character

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boolean assignment garbage value primitive type operand operator procedure float cast operator escape sequence

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A method header is also called a(n) _____.

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declaration

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A unique identifier is most likely used as a ____ key in a database.

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primary

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A(n) ____ causes a value to be sent from a called method back to the calling environment.

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return statements

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A(n) ____ constructor is one that requires no arguments.

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default

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A(n) ____ is a program module that contains a series of statements that carry out a task.

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method

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A(n) ____ method is a method that creates and initializes class objects.

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constructor

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A(n) ____ variable is known only within the boundaries of the method.

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local

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After an object has been instantiated, its methods can be accessed using the object's _____, a dot, and a method call.

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identifier aka name

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Assigning ____ to a field means that no other classes can access the field's values.

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private access

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Data items you use in a call to a method are called ____.

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arguments

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Every object is a _____ of a more general class.

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member

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For ease in locating class methods, many programmers store them in ____ order.

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alphabetical

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In order to allocate the needed memory for an object, you must use the ____ operator.

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new

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Method names that begin with ____ and set are very typical.

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get

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Methods used with object instantiations are called ____ methods.

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instance

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Public classes are accessible by all objects, which means that public classes can be ____, or used as a basis for any other class.

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extended

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The ____ method executes first in an application, regardless of where you physically place it within its class.

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main ()

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The arguments in a method call are often referred to as ____.

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actual parameters

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The name of the ____ is always the same as the name of the class whose objects it constructs.

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constructor

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When a variable ceases to exist at the end of a method, programmers say the variable ____.

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goes out of scope

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When an application is run, the method that must be executed first must be named ____.

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main ()

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Which of the following is NOT an initial value assigned to an object's data field by a default constructor?

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Boolean fields set to true

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____ is a principle of object-oriented programming that describes the encapsulation of method details within a class.

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Implementation giding

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____ parameters are variables in a method declaration that accept the values from the actual parameters.

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formal

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A locally declared variable always ____ another variable with the same name elsewhere in the class.

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masks

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A method can receive ____ arguments, even if it is defined as needing double arguments.

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integer

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A variable comes into existence, or ____, when you declare it.

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comes into scope

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Another name for a nonstatic member class is a(n) ____.

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inner class

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Due to automatic type promotion, when a method with a double parameter is passed an integer, the integer will be promoted to a(n) ____.

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double

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If a class's only constructor requires an argument, you must provide an argument for every ____ of the class that you create.

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object

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If you want all objects to share a single nonchanging value, then the field is static and ______.

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final

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It is a convenience to be able to use one reasonable name for ____ that are functionally identical except for argument types.

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tasks

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It is not necessary to create an instance of the Math class because the constants and methods of the class are ____.

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static

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Object-oriented programmers use the term ____ when a child class contains a field or method that has the same name as one in the parent class.

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override

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The ____ package contains is implicitly imported into Java programs and is the only automatically imported, named package.

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java.lang

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The ____ statement notifies the program that you will be using the data and method names that are part of the imported class or package.

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import

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The compiler determines which version of a method to call by the method's ____.

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signature

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The reference to an object that is passed to any object's nonstatic class method is called the ____.

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this reference

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When an application contains just one version of a method, you can call the method using a(n) ____ of the correct data type.

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parameter

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When an object of one class is a data field within another class, they are related by ____.

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composition

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When calling this() from a constructor, it must be the ____ statement within the constructor.

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first

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When they have the same name, variables within ____ of a class override the class's fields.

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methods

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When you instantiate an object from a class, ____ is reserved for each instance field in the class.

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memory

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When you properly ____ a method, you can call it providing different argument lists, and the appropriate version of the method executes.

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overload

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Within any class or method, the code between a pair of curly braces is called a(n) ____.

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block

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You can use ____ arguments to initialize field values, but you can also use arguments for any other purpose.

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constructor

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You can use the asterisk (*) as a ____, which indicates that it can be replaced by any set of characters.

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wildcard symbol

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____ involves using one term to indicate diverse meanings, or writing multiple methods with the same name but with different parameter lists.

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overloading

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____ variables are variables that are shared by every instantiation of a class.

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class

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A variable comes into existence Using one term to indicate diverse meanings Must be explicitly named in an import statement Starts with the second opening curly brace and ends with the first closing curly brace Describes the relationship between classes when an object of one class is a data field within another class Defines mathematical constants such as PI Useful when working with dates and times No object associated with them Created using the keyword final

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comes into scope overloading optional classes inner block composition math class java.time class methods constant

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A ____ checks a value, and based on the result performs one of two actions.

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decision structure

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A ____ consists of written steps in diagram form, as a series of shapes connected by arrows.

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flowchart

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A logical structure called a(n) ____ structure is when one step follows another unconditionally.

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sequence

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A(n) ____ is a series of if statements that determine whether a value falls within a specified range.

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range check

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A(n) ____ statement is the decision structure you use when you need to take one or the other of two possible courses of action.

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dual alternative if

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Just as you can block statements that depend on an if, you can also block statements that depend on a(n) ____.

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else

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Statements in which an if structure is contained inside another if structure are commonly called ____ if statements.

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nested

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The AND operator is written as two ____.

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ampersands

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The ____ operator is always evaluated before the OR operator.

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AND

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The ____ operator is written as the exclamation point ( ! ).

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NOT

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The ____ requires three expressions separated with a question mark and a colon.

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conditional operator

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The ____ statement is useful when you need to test a single variable against a series of exact integer, character, or string values.

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switch

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The compiler does not take indentation into account when compiling code, but consistent indentation can help readers understand a program's ____.

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logic

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The simplest statement you can use to make a decision is the ____ statement.

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if

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When an expression containing a ____ is part of an if statement, the assignment is illegal.

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single equal sign

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When using equals and not equals for comparisons with objects, you compare the objects' ____ instead of actual values.

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memory addresses

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When working with logical operators, you can always use ____ to change precedence.

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parentheses

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When you block statements, you must remember that any ____ you declare within a block is local to that block.

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variable

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When you execute an if...else statement, only one of the resulting actions takes place depending on the evaluation of the ____ following the if.

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independent statement

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When you place a block within an if statement, it is crucial to place the ____ correctly.

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curly braces

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When you use the && operator, you must include a complete _____ on each side.

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Boolean Expression

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In Java, you can leave out the ____ statements in a switch structure.

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if

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if (quotaAmt > 100 || sales > 100 && productCode == "C") bonusAmt = 50; When the above code is executed, which operator is evaluated first?

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&&

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true and false A double equal sign Two possible courses of action Two ampersands Used in the OR operator > or < An alternative to using a series of nested if statements Separated with a question mark and a colon The logical NOT operator

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Boolean Values equality dual alternative logical and operator pipes relational operator switch statement conditional operator !

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A ____ is a structure that allows repeated execution of a block of statements.

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loop

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A for loop provides a convenient way to create a(n) ____ loop.

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counter-controlled

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A loop controlled by user entry is a type of ____ loop.

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indefinite

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A loop that never ends is called a(n) ____ loop.

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indefinite

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A(n) ____ loop is a special loop that is used when a definite number of loop iterations is required.

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for

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An indefinite loop is a(n) ____ loop.

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event-controlled

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How many times will outputLabel be called? for(customer = 1; customer <= 20; ++customer) for(color = 1; color <= 3; ++color) outputLabel();

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60

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In a do...while loop, the loop will continue to execute until ____.

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the loop control variable is false

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In the expressions b = 8 and c = --b, what value will be assigned to the variable c?

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7

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It is important that the loop control ____ be altered within the body of the loop.

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variable

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The ____ loop checks the value of the loop control variable at the bottom of the loop after one repetition has occurred.

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do...while

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The order of the conditional expressions in the following is most important within a(n) ____ loop. while(requestedNum > LIMIT || requestedNum < 0)...

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nested

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The process of repeatedly increasing a value by some amount is known as ____.

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accumulating

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Use a(n) ____ loop to execute a body of statements continually as long as the Boolean expression that controls entry into the loop continues to be true.

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while

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When you want to increase a variable's value by exactly 1, use the ____.

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prefix increment operator

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Which is an infinite loop?

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} loopCount = 1; while(loopCount < 3); { System.out.println("Hello"); loopCount = loopCount + 1;

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Which of the following is NOT a valid method to increase a variable named score by 1?

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++score = score + 1

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You can initialize more than one variable in a for loop by placing a(n) ____ between the separate statements.

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comma

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You use a unary minus sign preceding a value to make the value ____.

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negative

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____ is the process of ensuring that a value falls within a specified range.

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validating data

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Multiple statements within curly braces The value that determines whether loop execution continues Subtracting 1 from a variable A countered loop A shortcut for incrementing and accumulating Operate on two values Within parentheses are three sections separated by exactly two semicolons Part of the Thread class in the java.lang package The technique of combining two loops into one

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block loop control variable decrementing definite loop prefix ++ binary operators for loop sleep () method loop fusion

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A StringBuilder object contains a memory block called a _____, which might or might not contain a string.

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buffer

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A ____ is a class for storing and manipulating changeable data that is composed of multiple characters.

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stringbuilder

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A literal string is a(n) ____ object.

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anonymous

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A(n) ____ comparison is based on the integer Unicode values of the characters.

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lexigraphical

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A(n) ____ is a variable that holds a memory address.

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reference

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Besides Double and Integer, other wrapper classes such as Float and Long also provide ____ methods that convert Strings to the wrapper types.

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valueof ()

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String oneStr = "Welcome Jim" String twoStr = "Welcome Joe" Given the lines of code above, which of the following regionMatches() expressions will result in a value of true?

answer

oneStr.regionMatches(0, twoStr, 0, 7)

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Strings and other objects that can't be changed are known as ____.

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immutable

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System.out.println("Your name is " + yourName); The above statement is an example of ____, which is used to join Strings.

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concatenation

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The Character class ____ from java.lang.Object.

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inherits

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The String class ____ method evaluates the contents of two String objects to determine if they are equivalent.

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equals ()

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The ____ method allows you to replace all occurrences of some character within a String.

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replace ()

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The ____ method converts any object to a String.

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to string ()

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The ____ method lets you add characters at a specific location within a StringBuilder object.

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insert ()

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The ____ method returns the length of a String.

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length ()

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The ____ method takes a String argument and returns its double value.

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parse double ()

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The creators of Java chose ____ characters as the "extra" length for a StringBuilder object.

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16

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The method header of the equals() method within the String class is ____.

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public boolean equals(String s)

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The methods of the Character class that begin with ____ return a character that has been converted to the stated format.

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to

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To alter just one character in a StringBuilder, you can use the ____ method, which allows you to change a character at a specified position within a StringBuilder object

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setCharAt()

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To convert a String to an integer, you use the ____ class, which is part of java.lang and is automatically imported into programs you write.

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integer

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When the String class ____ method is used to compare two Strings, it provides additional information to the user in the form of an integer value.

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compareto ()

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When you declare a variable of a basic, primitive type, such as int x = 10;, the memory address where x is located holds the ____.

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value of 10

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Which of the following correctly declares and initializes a String object?

answer

String greeting = "Hello";

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You can tell that the equals() method takes a ____ argument because parentheses are used in the method call.

answer

string

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