Jazz – Flashcards

Messin' around" and "jassing" were terms used by early jazz musicians referring to what is now called:

Important new developments in early jazz included:

The most significant New Orleans early jazz composer-arranger was:

The best-known early jazz New Orleans style soloists were:

The New Orleans style jazz that we know most about:

One of the most distinctive musical features of New Orleans jazz was:

New Orleans jazz was first recorded in 1917 by:

The first black jazz combo to record its performances was a band led by:

An all-star group that featured most of the best black New Orleans jazz musicians in Chicago was:

The style known as Chicago Style jazz was:

An early jazz piano style with roots in ragtime was known as:

Musical characteristics that help to define stride piano style are:

Jelly-roll Morton is considered historically important because:

He was one of the first jazz musicians to blend composition with improvisation; a feature of later composers Duke Ellington and Charles Mingus.

An early jazz pianist, whose brassy style became well-known during his 1920s recordings with Louis Armstrong:

His style of piano playing was often described as trumpet-style or horn-like

His sense of tempo and percussive attacks, together with his horn-like right hand lines, are characteristics of the piano style of:

He was one of the best known stride pianists; whose technique and swing feeling influenced others such as Art Tatum and Dave Brubeck:

A popular 1930s piano style in which the left-hand beat is subdivided, described as "eight to the bar."

Leading boogie woogie pianists include

He was considered the "father" of stride piano playing, whose composition, "Carolina Shout," became a stride classic piece.

He was one of the most influential jazz improvisers; often called the "father of jazz."

One of the first great soloists in jazz history; he provided a model for solo improvisation over collective improvisation.

Trumpeter Louis Armstrong often played gracefully syncopated figures that seemed to lag behind the beat, a technique referred to as:

One of Louis Armstrong's most influential contributions to jazz improvisation was:

One of the most famous jazz solos was an unaccompanied solo passage recorded by Louis Armstrong in 1928, titled:

Although he was a great improviser, his trumpet style was less dramatic and more subtle than Louis Armstrong's style:

The 1927 Beiderbecke-Trumbauer recordings of "Singin' the Blues" and "A Good Man Is Hard To Find" are considered two notable early jazz recordings because:

Two prominent New Orleans clarinetists were:

These New Orleans musicians were among the first to display jazz swing feeling.

Louis Armstrong and Sidney Bechet

He was one of the first well-known New Orleans jazz trombonists, who also composed "Muskat Ramble"

His trombone style was compared in importance to Armstrong's jazz trumpet style

The front line of most early jazz combos normally included:

Bassists in many early jazz groups:

Drummers were not used in early jazz recordings because:

Leading New Orleans drummers were:

The vocal style known as the blues originated from:

A famous early blues singer, known as "Empress of the blues":

Blues singers contributed to the development of instrumental jazz by:

New Orleans and Chicago styles of the 1920's were similar in popularity to:

Bix Beiderbecke's solo on "Singing the Blues" is a remarkable example of:

A popular 1920's recording artist _________ sang blues and popular tunes with a big voice and an aggressive manner

Rip da du da du da - is an example of:

Although Armstrong certainly_______Chicago Style Dixieland trumpet players, he was extremely important to jazz in this time span. His association with Earl Hines began in Chicago in the 1920s, and he recorded many classics with his Hot Five and Hot Seven groups

An important aspect was that the front-line players conceived their parts (horizontally).

Armstrong married______(the second of four wives) in 1924. She was the______with Oliver, but she encouraged Armstrong to _____________ .

At the beginning of the twentieth century, _____________bred more jazz and more notable jazz musicians than any other era. However, the more in-depth the research, the more difficult it becomes to claim one city as the origin of this art form

Blue notes are pitches that are less than a half step below the third and seventh steps of the major scale.

Blue Notes Are

Blues feelings, blues stylings, and the blues construction are

Boogie-woogie is another stage in the evolution of jazz. It is a __________style that was important in the development of jazz.

Both Chicago Style Dixieland and New Orleans Dixieland used cornet, trombone, clarinet, and drums. The piano was used in______and the string bass replaced the tuba:

Both Chicago Style Dixieland and New Orleans Dixieland used cornet, trombone, clarinet, and drums. The piano was now used in both styles, and the string bass had replaced the tuba. These changes occurred because the bands that played for:

Boogie-woogie music has not evolved further because, if it were to change rhythmically, it would:

Boogie-woogie reached the peak of it's popularity during the depression of the early:

Boogie-woogie was usually played by pianists that were

Born in 1903 and only lived for 28 years

Both a bass line and the chords are outlined by the left hand, leaving the right hand free to play an improvisation:

Art Tatum's recordings include some of the best_____piano on record

The rhythmic feel in Early New Orleans Dixieland—four even beats in each measure— was changed in Chicago Style Dixieland to measures with accents on the_____________rhythm in jazz

When finances permitted, some ragtime pianists formed their own___________: Jelly Roll Morton formed Jelly Roll Morton and His Red Hot Peppers, Jelly Roll Morton's Stomp Kings, and Jelly Roll Morton's Jazz Band

As tempos were increased, the _______gave way to virtuoso displays and _______, not present in early ragtime, began to gain importance in piano music.

jazz bands______the original constructions of rags

By 1918 many musicians had left New Orleans, and when Congress passed the _________________ in 1919, prohibiting the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages, employment for jazz musicians in new Orleans came to a halt

By the end of the 1920s, the heart of the jazz scene had moved again, this time from

Charles "Buddy" Bolden, who led one of the earliest marching bands, is usually credited with establishing_________________used in this era

Chicago's Golden (the gangster) Era, saw the first Vitaphone "talkie" movie, Al Jolson's __________ from the Warner Brothers

Chord progressions are commonly only in Jazz music

Considering the oral tradition associated with jazz, when Louis Armstrong sings first and plays the melody his phrasing in each instance is _________. This is an example of how the instrument is used as an extension of the voice.

Creoles of color in New Orleans were people of a mix of French/Spanish and _______ descent

Distinguished from jazz played in an even _____ (ie., rhythm of Early New Orleans Dixieland, the 2/4 rhythm of ragtime and Chicago Dixie Style Dixieland) boogie- woogie employs eight beats to the bar in the ostinato

During era discussed for this test_____ruled Chicago, and with the musicians playing in the saloons, there is no question that these same ________ had a great deal to say about the careers of the musicians

Early jazz musicians tended to use improvisation as:

Early Louisiana brass bands:

First group to perform in New York, where they opened at Reisenweber's Cafe (near Columbus Circle) in 1917, and the first jazz band to go to Europe (1919)

Buddy Bolden was a ____in his brass band and was a member of a "shouting congregation" in his church

Highly syncopated music that was popular in the late 1800's in New Orleans was called:

Improvisation is found in both Jazz and European musics

Perhaps the most entertaining and exciting stride piano player was ___________ a student of Johnson

in 1917 the closing of Storyville, a district in New Orleans where a great number of musicians were employed, shifted the heart of the jazz scene to

In 1920 the nation's leading entertainer was______ , and Bessie Smith was a big success in the Atlanta, Georgia, area.

In any discussion of New Orleans between 1896 and the turn of the century, the name_______ , the red-light district to a thirty-eight-block section adjoining Canal Street figures prominently

In Dixieland the_________played straight rhythm parts as they had in marching bands.

In Jelly Roll Morton, we recognize for the first time in jazz that the personality of the _____________ is more important than the material contributed by the ___________________ ."

In Los Angeles in 1921, New Orleans _______Kid Ory recorded what most historians feel were the first instrumental jazz records by a black band.

In September of that year, the first radio broadcast took place. Radio soon became a part of many households and did much to popularize jazz in general and some jazz artists in particular.

In spite of being a great improviser, Armstrong's chief talent was his ability to _____________, whether improvised or written.

In typical marching bands, the bass drum played on beats _______ and 3

In typical marching bands, the snare drum played on beats _____________ and 4

It influenced the interpretation of jazz by shifting the rhythm from a flat __________________ , interpretation and by the addition to the jazz repertoire such as "Maple Leaf Rag" and "TigerRag

It should be noted that the direct roots of the counterpoint in modern jazz are from the music of the dixieland bands and very early classical music: both used the____________ approach in construction

Jazz chord progressions are:

Jazz originated from:

Jazz seemed to become______ permanent as it became less localized

Many workers in Chicago had migrated from the south and:

Many writers refer to Beiderbecke as the first "cool" artist. He usually did not play with the frenzy of most of the Chicago Style trumpets. This situation could be compared to that of ___________ style was in vogue

Max Harrison states that this style of piano playing developed from a guitar technique used in mining, logging, and turpentine camps

Modern_________ jazz should be included in a discussion of religious music.

Morton was an ideal ragtime bandleader. He was excellent piano player, a creative and knowledgeable________ and a fair_____

Most of the early urban blues singers were _____ whereas most of the rural blues singers were ______

For the first forty-six years, New Orleans was a French possession, ceded to Spain in 1764, and later came under French rule again. In 1803 it came to the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase. This heterogeneous atmosphere

No piano was used in these first dixieland groups because

Number one boogie-woogie pianist in Kansas City and also a fine stride player.

One example of Latin rhythm in early jazz is the tango in one section of "St. Louis Blues" written by_____ in 1914

Original Dixieland Jazz Band (ODJB)

Performing different rhythms at the same time is called

ersons of mixed blood living in downtown New Orleans during the 1800s were called___________ of color

Pitches that are less than a half step below the third and seventh steps of the major scale are called____________

Rags included _____ themes (or melodies), and each theme had equal stress, or equal importance, within the composition.

Ragtime had a direct impact on the development of jazz, but because of its juxtaposition chronologically to Early New Orleans Dixieland, ragtime

Ragtime might have derived from the term "ragging," which meant

Ragtime music has been considered by some to be outside the jazz tradition because it is_____________ performed

Ragtime music was

Ragtime was a style of solo piano playing that _____________________ jazz

Responsorial singing and alternating phrases between different instruments are examples of ________, a technique common to many types of jazz, church music, and folk music

Several technical features distinguish Chicago Style Dixieland. Among them

Slaves were first brought to Virginia in:

He was hired by Norman Grant for two days of recording in December 1953 and for two days in April 1954. The result was a set of thirteen long-playing records (twentysix sides)that was released to the public in 1974 on Pablo Records , truly a historic event for his fans and for jazz fans in general

storyville

Storyville - red light district in:

Stride piano developed directly from ragtime, and it was

Stride players were ___________ with ragtime form

syncopating otherwise unsyncopated pieces was known as__________ the music

Syncopation is found:

The _________ went to Chicago in 1916, then on to New York in 1917. In fact, the ____________ was the first band to record instrumental jazz instead of merely playing background for blues singers (1917

The _______________ used in ragtime compositions could have been the reason this music was called ragtime

The __________ player was allowed to "decorate" the melody according to individual interpretation

The accompaniment consists of the bass part confined to the first and third beats and the chords played on the________ or the offbeats

he African-American music called the BLUES is thought most comprehensively to derive from

The blues began as:

The clarinet player had a dual role: to play a harmony part, a countermelody above the melodic line carried by the trumpet (a natural task for the clarinet because it can be played at a higher pitch than the trumpet), and to

The composer of the famous tune "Charleston," is considered to be the father of stride piano

The customary structure of a dixieland format consists of a (an

The development of early jazz instrumental music was influenced by

The difference between the two methods of playing boogie-woogie occurs in the use of the left hand. In one the left hand plays full, moving chords and in the other a___________ line outlines the chords in a melodic fashion

The earliest jazz musicians

he Early New Orleans Dixieland bands relied more on___________ than on solo improvisation.

he first time that the word boogie appears to have been used on a record was in ___________ by Chicago's Pine Top Smith as he recorded "Pine Top's Boogie

The French Quarter was the name of the famous entertainment district in New Orleans that earned its name in 1897

The general public first became aware of ragtime during a series of world's fairs held in Chicago, Omaha, Buffalo, St. Louis, and other cities where (peripatetic) piano players from the Midwest and the South found employment along the midway

The historical background of New Orleans, an exciting city that keeps alive many of its early customs and traditions, provided a receptive environment for jazz to develop and grow. This heterogeneous atmosphere was tolerant of all races and was a natural setting for the music of West Africa and Europe to meet and to merge. For the first forty- six years, New Orleans was a ________ possession, it then ceded to __________ in 1764 or the next 36 years - when it once again came under __________rule. In 1803 it came to___________ as part of the Louisiana Purchase

The last trumpeter to be called king was

The left hand and the right hand operate so independently that boogie-woogie often sounds like it is being performed by

The performer was the first jazz player to achieve international fame

The players of the Chicago era preferred the

The practice of spontaneously varying individual parts is known as

The prominent role of percussion in jazz is a feature that usually includes:

The public was more aware of ragtime in 1973 than during any time since 1920 because of the popular motion picture

The repertory of early jazz musician:

The rhythm of the bands changed from a flat-four (four equal pulsations in each measure) to a two-four, rhythm (four beats to a measure with accents on beats 2 and 4). These measured

The role delegated to the __________was to play the most important note in the chord to help clarify the change in harmonies

The role of the saxophone in ensemble playing was comparable to that of the clarinet, except that its___________ of the cornet

The sales cries of street vendors resemble field hollers in that

The transition between Jazz eras

There are two distinct methods of boogie-woogie playing. In both, the right hand is kept

There is a certain amount of solo work in dixieland music, but from its very beginnings each of the frontline players ( ______ ) had a definite obligation to fulfill in ______________

His most famous, "Maple Leaf Rag" (1899), sold hundreds of thousands of copies in the first ten years of publication

The musical term __________ describes a extensive repetition of brief patterns

The only formally trained black musicians, with the exception of a few piano players, were the __________ performers. With the advent of Chicago Style Dixieland, large numbers of __________players with formal musical training entered the jazz field

The most identifying feature of _________ is the eight beats to a measure that are played as an __________ , a structural device that works as a stylistically cohesive element of the composition

The Original Dixieland Jazz Band consisted of a group of young ______________ musicians

here is an anonymous saying: "Each Sunday ___________ went to church and that's where he got his idea of jazz music

They played popular tunes of the day and any other kind of music that appealed to them. Original ragtime was a _____ music, whereas stride players were often very proficient ________

This (these) performer(s) recorded what most historians feel were the first instrumental jazz records by a black band

This music has also been called "Western rolling," "fast Western," and "Texas style," indicating that its origin was in the western part of the country, although Florida has also been named as a birthplace.

This style of piano playing came into prominence during an economic crisis-the Great Depression of the early 1930s. Jazz again faced a situation in which a full style of piano playing was needed as a substitute for hiring a band

Treemonisha

was as important as any one musician coming out of New Orleans with the exception of Louis Armstrong

When bands were no longer used for marching piano players were hired who had been playing ragtime with its

When jazz bands began to play the rags but altered the form, the first melody became a ____, the second and third melodies were _______, and the fourth became a repeated chorus and the ______

When reform government came to ______ in 1901, however, all ragtime activity there ceased

When the piano players began to ______ , the two music styles, dixieland and ragtime, began to merge

When three ____ players performed together, one picked out an improvised melody, the second played rhythmic chords, and the third played a bass line

Whereas the Original Dixieland Jazz Band ______ being influenced by black musicians, the New Orleans Rhythm Kings stated that they did whatever they could to sound like Oliver and other

With the merging of dixieland and ragtime, the rhythm of bands changed from four equal pulsations in each measure to four beats to a measure with accents on beats 2 and 4. These measured offbeats correspond to the action of the

Written syncopated piano music that first appeared in the 1890s is usually referred to as _____ style