ISYS 210 – ch. 4-6 all summer ’16 – Flashcards
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CPU Cache
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Small, very quick memory because it stores copies of information and data from the most regularly used parts of main memory.
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Defragmentation
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A program that runs to reorganize the hard disk. - makes more efficient, not faster
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Device Driver vs Plug & Play
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Computer programs that allow peripheral hardware devices like printers or scanners to interface and work properly with a computer system. P&P: drivers installed on computer through OS and updates to OS
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Embedded Operating Systems
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A computing system or device that performs a dedicated function. - ex: cash registers, ATMs, microwaves, handheld devices, etc. - usually can not modify system
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FAT
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File Allocation Table, a "table of contents" for a hard drive that directs the read/write arm to where data exists and accesses it upon the user's request.
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GUI
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A presentation on a computer monitor that allows the user to interact with a computer and the devices connected to it.
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RAM
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Random Access Memory, a type of storage that allows stored data to be accessed in any (random) order without physical movement of the storage media.
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Registers
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Extremely fast, small memory locations used to quicken the implementation of computer programs by providing access to commonly used calculated values.
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Stand-alone Computers
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Computers that are not connected to any other computer.
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ASCII
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The American Standard Code for Information Interchange, a coding scheme to represent characters internally.
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Access Time
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Refers to the amount of time needed to get data and information from a storage device to its user.
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Binary
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Something is made up of two parts.
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Capacity
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Refers to the amount of data and information a storage device can hold.
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Disaster Recovery
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When a business suffers a disaster and must regain critical control of their company, which entails regaining access to their critical data and information.
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EBCDIC
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A coding scheme used for mainframes that stands for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code.
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Floppy Disk
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A very thin flexible magnetic storage disk that rotates inside a square plastic shell.
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Hard Disk Drive
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A storage device that stores data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces.
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Intellectual Property
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Ideas or concepts like lyrics to music, legal contracts, corporate secrets, policies and procedures.
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Track
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A concentric circular band around the disk that is divided in to pie shaped wedges called sectors.
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Antivirus Utilities
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System software programs that identify known viruses and attempt to block them from entering and infecting a computer system.
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BIOS
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Basic Input / Output System - firmware programming embedded on a computer chip that runs the same program every time it's turned on to enable the operating system. - Locates hardware - Loads system utilities (ex: anti-virus)
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Backup Utility
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A program that copies data from a computer's hard drive to a backup device.
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Cold Boot
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Powering up a computer for the first time.
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Desktop
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The background displayed on the monitor.
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Icon
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Small pictogram on the desktop that the user clicks with a mouse to start an application program.
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Menus
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Represented by keywords that provide a list of instructions or options to operate the application software.
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Warm Boot
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Restarting a computer that is already running.
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Window
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A rectangular area on the desktop.
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WSJ: CIO Article - Johnson & Johnson
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Man tainted Tylenol bottles. J&J recalled every product to clean and fix. -New lids and seals
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=VLOOKUP
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Used all the time
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Microsoft Founders, 1975
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Bill Gates, Paul Allen
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MS-DOS
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Line by line commands
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Apple Founders
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Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak -First step in GUI direction; Windows forced to follow suit
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Virtual Memory
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Coordinate, track, and allocate CPU cache, RAM, and disc
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Disc Storage
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Non-volatile, secondary storage like internal hard drive, optical disk - c: drive - Not as fast as RAM, but RAM not stored when powered off
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How can you ensure information is off of hard drive?
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DESTROY ITTTTTT
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Disk Management
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OS responsible for reading and writing data/info onto disk - ex: clothes from dryer thrown all over the room; easy to access but unorganized
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File Management
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GUI, hierarchal
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Open Source OS
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Free software source code which is open to anyone who cares to access and/or modify it for their own use.
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Non-proprietary
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Can change code
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Secondary Storage
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Filing cabinet, can't access from CPU, non-volatile - where the user stores their work when they are finished
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Primary Storage
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RAM, volatile - what a user is currently working on
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Backup
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Insurance for business
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Security
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Who gets to see your data? - If outsourcing backup, that company sees your data
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Cost
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What does it cost to backup? - People and electricity
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Accounting Audits
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Check computer security, check for disaster plan
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Column Charts
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Used to compare different categories of items or the same category over time. Column charts depict the types of items (or different times) across the horizontal axis and the values for each category as a "column" rising into the vertical axis
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Stacked Column Charts
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Used to compare categories of items or the same category over time. However, a stacked column chart breaks the column bars into segments that represent subcategories that are consistent across the columns
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Pie Charts
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Used to compare the parts of category to the whole
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Line Chart
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Used to compare the values of a particular category over time. Because line charts "connect the dots", or connect the individual data series values; line charts are particularly helpful for uncovering trends in a dataset
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Cloud (disadvantages)
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Not in your home, info floating around outside
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Data Archiving
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Storing data you don't access daily but might need in the future
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Fibertown
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-Inexpensive real estate in Bryan -Pop-up site in Bryan (next to railroad tracks)
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Tier IV Center
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Most robust, less prone to failure, heaters/coolers
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Authentication
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Convincing us you are who you say you are
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Authority
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What you are allowed to do
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ROI
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Return on investment; if I spend the $$, what do I get in return?
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Audit Trail
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For litigation purposes; look at file created, modification, creator, modifier, size, etc.
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Patches
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Fix hole in security - Business people put off installing patches because it's hard to justify shutting down operation
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First version of Windows released in ____.
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1985
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First version of Mac OS released in ____.
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1984
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DOS
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Disk Operating System
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Who invented UNIX? What years?
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Bell Labs; 60s-70s
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Linux Founder
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Linus Torvalds
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Diffusion
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Once a product or software is widely accepted
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TCP/IP breaks file into what?
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Packets
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What is the world's largest network?
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Internet
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Who sold MS-DOS to IBM?
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Gates and Allen
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What are the set of rules to move data from one computer to another?
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TCP/IP
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Can an embedded operating system be modified?
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No
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What program unclutters a hard drive?
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Defragmentation
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Which is not a major OS in business?
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**Borland System Platform Windows Linux Mac OS
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Who can modify Linux?
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Anyone
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Is an OS system software or application software?
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System
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Which operating system is open-source?
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Linux
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What is another name for an OS?
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Platform
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Which memory coordinates, tracks, allocates other memory?
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Virtual
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What is the table of contents to a hard drive?
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FAT
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What function stores and organize a user's work in computer files?
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File manager
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Which operating system is free of cost?
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Linux
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What is a common name for a hierarchy of directories?
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Folder
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Which memory helps decrease the time it takes to access memory?
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CPU Cache
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Which memory quickens the implementation of computer programs?
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Registers
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What is it called when a computer performs a task?
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Process
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What is it called when a computer runs more than one process at a time?
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Multitasking
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What kind of operating system does an iPhone use?
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Embedded
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What is the dominant OS in the operating system market?
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Windows
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What does MS-DOS stand for?
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Microsoft Disk Operating System
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Computer storage
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Variety of ways a computer system can store (save) data and information
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Who invented vertical filing cabinet? What year?
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Edwin Seibels; 1898
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Sector
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Concentric circular band around the disk that is divided in to pie shaped wedges
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Cluster
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More than one sector
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Holographic Storage
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Stores information in a three-dimensional photopolymer. An optical disk, like a DVD, has only one surface on that to record information, whereas holographic storage has many and, therefore, can hold much more information
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Molecular Storage
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Very small and relies upon special chemicals to change the state of a singular molecule from a positive charge to negative charge. This technology could lead to incredibly small circuits, and is most likely years away.
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When data is no longer needed on a daily basis, how is it backed up?
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Archived
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Which storage device is a series of stacked platters?
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RAID
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What plan is for a future business catastrophes?
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Disaster Recovery Plan
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What is meant by the variety of ways a computer can save data and information?
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Computer Storage
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What is the capacity of Cloud Storage?
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Unlimited
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What was the storage capacity of a floppy disk?
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1.44 Mg
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What storage device is reel-to-reel?
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Magnetic Tape
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What is bigger than a Yottabyte?
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Brontobyte
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How many Kilobytes are in a Megabyte?
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1,024
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In computing, what is best described as where the user stores their work?
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Secondary Storage
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How many bits in a byte?
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8
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Name a primary storage with no physical movement that can be accessed in any order.
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RAM
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What is the newer version of FAT?
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NTFS
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What storage device is read sequentially?
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Magnetic Tape
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What does the acronym FAT mean?
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File Allocation Table
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What coding scheme is used by most microcomputers?
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ASCII
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What storage device is considered the slowest?
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Magnetic Tape
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A read/write head on a spinning disk is like what?
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Record Player arm
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What is the table of contents for a disk drive?
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FAT
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What coding scheme is used for Japanese and Chinese computers?
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Unicode
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What coding scheme do mainframe computers use?
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EBCDIC
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In computing, what is best described as where the user works?
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Primary Storage
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Operating systems have their file management systems modeled after what?
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Filing Cabinets
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Physical items like desks, computers, and tractors constitute what in business?
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Tangible Property
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Business' most valuable asset is its ______.
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People
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Business' second most valuable asset is its ______.
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Data and information
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Complete Backup
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Back up the entire contents of the drive (mirror image)
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Incremental Backup
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Partial backup; backs up files that have been created or modified since the previous complete backup
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Tracks are separated into wedges called what?
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Sectors
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What contains groups of computer files?
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Folders
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What shows the last time a computer file was saved or created?
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Modification Date
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Starting a computer loads system software to provide what?
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Operating System
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Microsoft replaced menus with what?
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Ribbons
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What program organizes a disk?
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Defragmentation
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What button expands a window?
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Maximize
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This contains settings like screen savers, appearance, and personalization.
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Registry
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What compensates for operating system inadequacies?
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System Updates
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After a computer gets power, it searches for what?
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BIOS
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What represents a user's specific preferences?
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Profile
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What does the acronym BIOS mean?
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Basic Input/Output System
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What is the background display on a monitor called?
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Desktop
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A GUI unto its own is called what?
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Window
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What is a small pictogram that launches an application?
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Icon
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A business computer authenticates a user based on what?
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Login
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What is the window a user is currently using?
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Active Window
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Smaller files that represent larger files are called what?
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Pages
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What does the acronym GUI mean?
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Graphical User Interface
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This is actually a technique of breaking up files.
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Virtual Memory
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Files exchanged in and out of RAM are called what?
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Swap Files
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Disks have concentric bands called what?
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Tracks
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Restarting a computer is called what?
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Warm Boot
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Powering up a computer for the first time is called what?
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Cold Boot
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Loading a platform into a computer's memory is called what?
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Booting
