Isotonicity – Flashcards
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Osmosis
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The diffusion of solvent through a semi-permeable membrane
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Water always flows from ____ solute concentration to ____ solute concentration until a balance is produced.
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-lower
-higher
-higher
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Osmotic pressure
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The force that cause this diffusion
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Osmotic pressure
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The force that cause this diffusion
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Tonicity
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Measure of the osmotic pressure of two solutions separated by a semi-permeable membrane essay writer helper
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What is the concentration of NaCl in a hypotonic solution?
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0.2%
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What is the concentration of NaCl in an isotonic solution?
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0.9%
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What is the concentration of NaCl in a hypotonic solution?
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2%
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How many methods exist to adjust isotonicity of a solution?
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Three
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Describe NaCl equivalent method
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Adding NaCl or other isotonic adjusting agents powder along with the drug to water to achieve isotonicity
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Describe White-Vincent method
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Adding H2O to the drug to achieve isotonicity and then isotonic diluting solution to qs to final volume
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Describe freezing point depression (cryoscopic method)
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Adding substance to lower freezing point of solution to -0.52?C
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Freezing point depression is also known as _____.
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Cryoscopic method
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What is the freezing point of blood and tears?
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-0.52C
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Any solution that has a freezing point of -0.52C is _____
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Isotonic
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Any solution that has a freezing point that is less than -0.52C is _____
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Hypotonic
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Any solution that has a freezing point that is over -0.52C is _____
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Hypertonic
