question

What is Social Work according to the NASW?

answer

The professional activity of helping individuals, groups, or communities enhance or restore their capacity for social functioning and creating societal conditions favorable to this goal

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What is social welfare and the basic dimensions of the concept?

answer

A nation's system of programs, benefits and services that help people meet those social, economic, educational, and health needs that are fundamental to the maintenance of society/ What people get from society and how well their needs are being met

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What is the relationship between social work and social welfare?

answer

Social work is one specific profession within the social welfare network

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Is social work the only profession that is involved in social welfare?

answer

Social work is the main profession that administers programs and services, but is not the only one

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Residual Perspective

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focuses on problems and gaps; "is the client's fault"

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Institutional Perspective

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society has responsibility to meet needs of people; "is not the client's fault"

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Developmental Perspective

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find social programs which positively impact economic development (newest approach)

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The primary mission of the social work profession NASW

answer

is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic human needs of all people. With particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty. - To promote social justice and social change.

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Person-in-Environment Perspective

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We must realize that we must pay attention to the environment in which people live, and work to change the environment so it functions more effectively for individuals, families, communities.

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Person-in-Environment Perspective

answer

although it is true that some problems lie exclusively with the individual and some are purely environmental, most problems have multiple causes

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Theory

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a systematic system of interrelated statements intended to explain some aspect of social life or enrich our sense of how people conduct and find meaning in their everyday lives. -attempts to explain why something is the way it is.

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Theoretical Frameworks

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are used to help determine which theory to apply. Combines theories, beliefs, and assumptions about how change happens to guide work. -Gives social workers a basis which to view situations and provides guidance.

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General Systems Theory

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describes the functioning of living systems - the failure of one human system affects the functioning of other systems and the body as a whole. Most interested in social systems: the interactions and interdependence among people that make up a society. -explains a person's behavior of circular or mutual cause ability = Jane influences her environment and her environment influences her.

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Ecological Systems Framework

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going beyond looking at systems that make up a client's sphere to focus on the larger environmental context. builds on General Systems Theory. addresses both the fit of the client to the environment and the extent of support from the environment.

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a concern of Ecological Systems Framework

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that adaptation is more manageable so environmental change is ignored

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The Strengths Perspective

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Focusing on negative views may reinforce the negative views the client may have of themselves or their communities.

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The Diversity Perspective

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emphasizes the incredible diversity of social workers and their clients. A Social worker should understand the client's dynamics of oppression and discrimination.

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micro practice

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helping individuals fit better into their environments.

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macro practice

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changing the environment to better work for the individuals.

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Self-determination

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a person's right to decide what is best for them self.

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Charity Organization Society (COS)

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founded in 1877. Their focus was on the individual and reflected the belief that poverty was a character flaw.

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Mary Richmond

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an influential leader of the charity movement. was a key figure in the nationwide COS (Charity Organization Society) movement.

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Settlement Movement

answer

based on the belief that in order to help the poor, workers had to live within the community and provide services from their dwelling or settlement.

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Settlement Movement

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started in US in 1887. Neighborhood Guild Settlement was the first to open in NY city. The Hull Hose was the second and opened in Chicago.

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Jane Addams

answer

Founded the Hull House. Most influential historic figure in social work. She was Instrumental in the passage of legislation that limited child labor. Created the first juvenile court in the nation, and expanded public education.

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Hull House

answer

founded by Jane Addams, included in the services and programs: first organized kindergarten, an employment bureau, adult education classes, a library, social clubs, and the first public playground.

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Council on Social Work

answer

accredits BSW and MSW programs

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change agent

answer

social worker or other helping professional or a group of helpers whose purpose is to facilitate improvement

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Council on Social Work Education (CSWE)

answer

nonprofit national association that represents over 3,000 individual members, 191 graduate programs, and 463 undergraduate programs of professional social work education; founded in 1952 and recognized by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation as the sole accrediting agency for social work education in the United States

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diversity perspective

answer

theoretical framework that emphasizes the broad and varied differences of social workers and their clients and how these differences can enhance society

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ecological systems framework

answer

perspective with emphasis on understanding people, their environments, and their transactions; major concepts of this orientation include goodness of fit between people and the environment, reciprocity, and mutuality

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Empowerment

answer

psychological state that reflects a sense of competence, control, and entitlement, allows one to pursue concrete activities aimed at becoming powerful, and gives control over the environment, which makes it possible for people to improve their lives

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general systems theory

answer

belief that the behavior of people and societies is explained by identifying the components of subsystems of the larger (or host) system and how those subsystems interact and impact on the larger system; holistic framework concerned with system boundaries, roles, relationships, and interactions between people in the system or its subsystems

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National Association of Social Workers (NASW)

answer

membership organization of professional social workers with more than 150,000 members; works to enhance the professional growth and development of its members, creates and maintains professional standards, and advances social policies

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person-in-environment

answer

perspective used by social workers to understand clients experiencing difficulties with their roles, self-perceptions, and expectations in their interactions with others and in the context of their surrounding environment

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Self-determination

answer

client's making own choices, respected value of social workers

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strengths perspective

answer

view that emphasizes using clients' strengths, resources, support networks, and motivations to meet challenges; focus on clients' assets rather than problems or dysfunctions

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social welfare system

answer

the collection of services, resources, and services available to help people.

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institutional social welfare services

answer

are in place to prevent problems. i.e.: social security, tax benefits.

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residual social welfare services

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come into play after there is an identifiable problem.

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the Elizabethan Poor Laws

answer

The first social welfare policy to be widely implemented was an English system based on ___. Residency in community was necessary. Temporary and for emergencies only.

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the Elizabethan Poor Laws

answer

poor categorized as unworthy or worthless. Aid first came from family.

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The Social Security Act of 1935

answer

provided long-term protections through federal programs of social insurance and public assistance. First comprehensive federal effort to ensure economic security and address poverty.

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New Deal Program

answer

created public economic and social service support in response to the great depression.

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Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944

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GI Bill, funded education, training, employment services, and home and business loans to help returning soldiers adapt to civilian life

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Civil Rights Act 1964

answer

prohibited discrimination and segregation

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Voting Rights Act 1965

answer

prohibited measures denying people of color the right to vote.

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devolution

answer

the return of control of social services from the federal government to the local level. diminished role of the federal government in antipoverty programs.

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cash assistance

answer

provision of resources through financial transfers.

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in-kind benefits

answer

aid in the form of tangible items.

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Entitlements

answer

can be delivered as cash assistance or in-kind benefits. People are guaranteed help if they meet certain criteria. An example is social security - people pay into it, they are entitled to receive it on retirement for the rest of their lives.

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public assistance programs

answer

designed to alleviate poverty. they are means tested programs. TANF, SSI, General Assistance, Medicaid, Food Stamps, Public Housing, WIC. residual.

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social insurance programs

answer

aim to prevent poverty. available regardless of income level. Unemployment Insurance, Workers Compensation, Veterans Health Insurance, Old Age Survivors Insurance. institutional.

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War on Poverty

answer

series of policies and programs under the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964.

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Economic Opportunity Act of 1964

answer

emphasized on social justice and fair distribution of resources and opportunities. programs included job training, employment incentives, and community action.

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Colonial Period (1690-1800)

answer

Elizabethan Poor Laws

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Civil War and post war Period (1861-1874)

answer

First Federal Intervention. Reconstruction Act. Freedman's Bureau.

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Reconstruction Act

answer

the federal government tried to aid families displaced by the war.

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Freedman's bureau

answer

goals were to provide temporary assistance to freed slaves, help reunite families, provide medical care and food rations, and make property available.

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Progressive era (1875-1926)

answer

birth of social work profession (COS and Hull House)

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139 years old

answer

age of the social work profession

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Great Depression and New Deal (1926-1940)

answer

social insurance and public assistance

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WWII and after (1941-1959)

answer

GI Bill

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Social Reform Period (1960-1975)

answer

War on poverty

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Retrenchment period (1976-2000)

answer

cutbacks and local control

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New Millennium (2001-present)

answer

terrorism, war, and financial struggles (creating lots of poverty)

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Charity Organization Societies (COS)

answer

associations begun in the 1870s with the primary goals of learning what caused individual poverty and providing organized services to alleviate poverty, and an emphasis on serving individuals and their families

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the Elizabethan Poor Laws

answer

first social welfare policy implemented in colonial America, which outlined the public's responsibility for people who were poor

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Entitlements

answer

guaranteed social support to all eligible persons through services or financial remuneration without time limits

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Institutional

answer

preventive social welfare services built into the institutional structures of society

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Public assistance programs

answer

means-tested social welfare programs designed to alleviate poverty

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Residual

answer

social welfare services designed to address an identified problem

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Settlement Movement

answer

organized social welfare efforts begun in the late 1800s to help people who were poor, particularly immigrants, included workers living within the community and providing services from their dwelling or settlement.

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social insurance programs

answer

social welfare programs designed to prevent poverty that are based on shared contributions made while people are working to be used later to provide services and benefits

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Social Security Act of 1935

answer

legislated federal policy that provides long-term protections through social insurance and aid to people in poverty through public assistance

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social welfare system

answer

collection of programs, resources, and services available to help people

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War on Poverty

answer

general term used to describe the social welfare policies and programs of the 1960s that were designed to alleviate poverty

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Community Organizing

answer

process through which communities are helped to identify common problems or goals, mobilize resources, and in other ways develop and implement strategies for reaching their goals they have collectively set

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Strengths Perspective

answer

Community organizing and Empowerment are part of the

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What era was the social work profession born?

answer

Progressive Era (1875-1926)

question

What are two approaches to social welfare?

answer

institutional social services and residual social services.

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Absolute Poverty

answer

uses a dollar value that is firmly set. Anyone who earns less than that amount is considered poor.

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Relative Poverty

answer

uses comparisons to determine who is poor and who is not. Begins with the agreement about what level of economic resources that an average person should have and uses that standard to decide who has enough and who does not.

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Poverty Threshold

answer

Federal and state governments use absolute measures to determine eligibility for social service programs. Today it is set by the census bureau and is used for statistical purposes. Also called the poverty line.

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Poverty Guidelines

answer

based on information collected from census bureau thresholds to determine eligibility for income support programs through the Department of Health and Human Services.

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Poverty Guidelines for 1 person family

answer

$10,400

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Poverty Guidelines for 4 person family

answer

$21,200

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Juvenilization of Poverty

answer

decribes the tendency for children to be disproportionately represented in the ranks of those who are poor. 18%

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Feminization of Poverty

answer

refers to the fact that poverty is more likely to happen to women than men. Women: 28.3%; Men 13.6%

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% poverty for children

answer

18%

question

% poverty for women

answer

28.3%

question

% poverty for men

answer

13.6%

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Culture of Poverty

answer

contends that people learn to be poor from growing up in impoverished areas. Although the environment is powerful, it does not explain how some people who grow up poor become economically stable.

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Blaming the Victim

answer

describes the assignment of responsibility to the person who is poor.

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Unemployed

answer

physically able to work, but unable to find employment.

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Underemployed

answer

working poor - their jobs do not pay enough to meet basic living expenses.

question

working poor

answer

their jobs do not pay enough to meet basic living expenses. Underemployed.

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Distribution of household income in 2006 Highest 20%

answer

obtains 50.5% of total household income

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Distribution of household income in 2006 Lowest 20%

answer

obtains 3.4% of total household income

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Poverty by race for White females

answer

26.5%

question

Poverty by race for African American females

answer

39.1%

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Poverty by race for Latina females

answer

36.9%

question

Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

answer

provides cash assistance to people who are poor, who are 65 and older, or are blind or disabled. Was originally three separate programs in 1935 - one for the older people, one for people who were blind, and one for those who are disabled.

question

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)

answer

evolved out of 1996 policy changes to the Aid for Families with Dependent Children program, which started as part of the Social Security Act of 1935. provided cash assistance to any family who qualified and was poor. Placed a limit of 24 consecutive months and total of 5 years ability to receive assistance through this program.

question

devolution of services

answer

The movement of programs from the federal level to the state level.

question

Food Stamp Program

answer

run by the department of agriculture. Originally government purchased food that growers could not sell and gave it to the poor. Shifted from supporting growers to supporting low-income people. Passed as part of the War on Poverty in 1964.

question

Controversy of the US Poverty Line

answer

Based on a minimum amount needed for survival not a balanced way of life. It assumes ingredients are purchased in bulk and that people can cook balanced meals from scratch.; those living in poverty may be underestimated. vs. those who say that it only takes income into account and not things like medical care or food vouchers; those living in poverty may be overestimated.

question

The census bureau

answer

Who defines the official US Poverty Line/Threshold

question

TANF

answer

funded by a block grant so the federal government places a cap on matching funds with states. Placed a cap limit on the amount of time you can receive cash assistance. Those in this program must work a minimum of 20 hours a week.

question

AFDC

answer

federal government matched the amount states spent without a cap. Provided cash assistance to any family who qualified and was poor for an unlimited amount of time. A mother with a child under 3 (or six) could stay home.

question

How is TANF different from AFDC?

answer

TANF - funded by a block grant so the federal government places a cap on matching funds with states. Placed a cap limit on the amount of time you can receive cash assistance. Those in this program must work a minimum of 20 hours a week. - AFDC - federal government matched the amount states spent without a cap. Provided cash assistance to any family who qualified and was poor for an unlimited amount of time. A mother with a child under 3 (or six) could stay home.

question

Theories on the causes of poverty

answer

most views are laden with values about worthiness and deservedness. Culture of poverty, blaming the victim, functionality of poverty. All controversial views.

question

Functionality of Poverty

answer

indicating that poverty plays an important role in the economic structure and that there is little incentive to rid the nation of it. Maintaining a pool of people who are poor means that workers are always available for less-desirable jobs and lower-paying jobs. Keeps wages from increasing too much too fast.

question

Absolute poverty

answer

level of economic need determined by a set dollar amount

question

culture of poverty

answer

belief that people learn to be poor from growing up in impoverished areas

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Food Stamp Program

answer

food assistance program run by the Department of Agriculture

question

poverty guidelines

answer

guidelines for use as the Department of Health and Human Services poverty line to determine eligibility for social services

question

Poverty threshold or line

answer

Census Bureau absolute measure of poverty, used for statistical purposes

question

relative poverty

answer

state of being poor determined by comparisons

question

Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

answer

cash assistance to people who are poor and older, or poor with disabilities

question

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)

answer

cash assistance program for poor families

question

working poor

answer

employed, but earnings are not sufficient for meeting basic needs

question

Social justice

answer

fairness and equity in the protection of civil and human rights, the treatment of individuals, the distribution of opportunity, and the assurance of personal and economic opportunity

question

Social injustice

answer

unequal treatment of social groups based on factors such as economic and social status, age, ethnicity, sexual preference, or gender

question

Prejudice

answer

an irrational attitude of hostility directed against an individual, a group, a race, or their supposed characteristics

question

Stereotypes

answer

beliefs that members of certain groups behave in specific ways

question

Discrimination

answer

action that maintains and supports prejudice

question

Institutional discrimination

answer

discrimination that occurs as the result of accepted beliefs and behaviors and is codified in societal roles and policies

question

Oppression

answer

unjust use of power against non-dominant groups by the dominant group

question

Population at risk

answer

groups that experience prejudice, discrimination, and oppression by the dominant group

question

Comparable worth

answer

the concept that persons should receive measurable equal pay for the same type of work, regardless of their gender

question

Sexism

answer

discrimination against an individual because of gender

question

Sexual harassment

answer

unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual factors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature when submission to or rejection of this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individual's employment, unreasonably interferes with an individual's work performance, or creates an intimidating or hostile or offensive work environment

question

Civil rights act

answer

federal legislation passed in 1964 and amended in 1965 that prohibits discrimination based on race, gender, religion, color, or ethnicity in public facilities, government programs or those operated or funded by the federal government, and employment

question

Equal rights amendment (ERA)

answer

a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution to assure the complete and equal rights of all citizens without regard to race, color, creed, or gender; the amendment was not ratified by the number of states necessary for its adoption

question

Gender equity

answer

social, political, and economic equality between men and women

question

Sexual orientation

answer

an enduring emotional, romantic, sexual or affectional attraction to another person. Sexual orientation exists along a continuum that ranges from exclusive homosexuality to exclusive heterosexuality and includes various forms of bisexuality. Sexual orientation is different from sexual behavior because it refers to feelings and self-concept. Persons may or may not express their sexual orientation in their behaviors

question

Homophobia

answer

a fear of homosexuals and homosexuality

question

Hate crimes

answer

crimes (such as assault or defacement of property) motivated by hostility against individuals because they are members of a social group, such as one based on race, ethnicity, religion, gender, or sexual orientation

question

Same-sex marriages

answer

legal union between couples of the same sex

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Assimilation

answer

the expectation that members of non-dominant groups in society will adopt the values and behaviors of the dominant group

question

Cultural pluralism (cultural diversity)

answer

the coexistence of various groups whose cultural differences are respected as equally valid. Group membership can be based on ethnicity, race, gender, class, religion, ability or disability, or sexual orientation

question

Civil rights movement

answer

far-reaching struggle that sought the full and equal participation of minorities, women, and other marginalized groups in the social and economic arenas of our society

question

Affirmative action

answer

a legally mandated program established within education, business, and industry to improve opportunities for people of color and for women

question

Racial profiling

answer

practice of law enforcement officers or others in which a person is treated as a suspect because of his or her race

question

Social justice

answer

fairness and equity in the protection of civil and human rights, the treatment of individuals, the distribution of opportunity, and the assurance of personal and economic opportunity

question

Empowerment

answer

a process to help others increase their personal, interpersonal, or political power so they can take action themselves to improve their lives

question

dominant groups

answer

certain groups in society that have more power than other groups and they can dictate the conditions under which the others must live.

question

What are some explanations of Social Injustice?

answer

Biological determinism, socialization process, psychological perspectives, sociological perspectives.

question

sociological perspectives

answer

even though they have a negative effect on oppressed groups, prejudice and discrimination can build cohesiveness and solidarity among groups. People in power benefit because they blame oppressed groups for their problems.

question

sociological perspectives

answer

fueled by economic insecurity.

question

sociological perspectives

answer

Bias. scapegoating. Scarce resources and self interest. Oppression and discrimination can aid the economy in general and employers more specifically. Denys millions of people the opportunity to be full participants in society.

question

psychological perspective - projection

answer

people project unwanted traits that they do not like about themselves onto other people and blame them. For example, fanatically anti-homosexual people fear being homosexual themselves.

question

psychological perspective - scapegoating

answer

When some people experience problems and become frustrated and angry, they look for someone else to blame.

question

What are the psychological Perspectives?

answer

scapegoating, projection. People are afraid of what they do not know or understand. People who lack contact with other groups will be afraid, and treat them differently.

question

Socialization Process

answer

Common explanation of prejudice and discrimination is that people learn through observation. When children see adults treating others differently, they begin to see biased behaviors and attitudes as normal.

question

Biological Determinism

answer

innate biological characteristics have been used to explain and justify the mistreatment of various groups of people. Supporters believe social and economic status is determined this way because individuals and groups who do well economically and socially because of innate biological differences.

question

Legislation with the purpose of overcoming Social Injustice

answer

14th, 15th, 19th amendments; Civil Rights Act of 1964; Civil Rights Act of 1968; Age Discrimination Act (ADEA)

question

What are the models of inter-group relations?

answer

melting pot, cultural pluralism, separatism.

question

What are some evidences of Social Injustice

answer

discrimination, poverty, hate crimes, infant mortality, racial and economic inequality, rates of incarceration for subordinate groups.

question

What are the barriers to Social Justice

answer

prejudice, discrimination (individual/institutional), bigotry, oppression

question

Social Work Roles In Fighting Injustice

answer

Role is Supporting clients decisions about what is right for their lives.

question

Social Work Roles In Fighting Injustice

answer

Role is teaching clients when threats or disruptions might be effective in getting their needs met.

question

Social Work Roles In Fighting Injustice

answer

Role is ensuring that clients know agency policies, including grievance policies, so that they can advocate for their rights.

question

Social Work Roles In Fighting Injustice

answer

Helping clients to find and meet with others in similar circumstances.

question

fault of melting pot idea

answer

it was based on an inaccurate belief that the white, Anglo-Saxon Protestant culture, values, and norms were the best ones for all people.

question

melting pot idea

answer

various groups in society should be blended together like a stew. All Americans would share beliefs, customs, values, and a language.

question

Privilege

answer

a benefit people who are certain members of mainstream or dominant groups have built into their lives. They use them both consciously and unconsciously.

question

Bilingual education

answer

school programs that allow children to learn course material in their native language while they develop skills in a second language, usually English

question

Colonization

answer

settlement and occupation of a new country

question

Cultural competence

answer

understanding of how and why people are different and awareness of the effect of oppression and discrimination on people's lives

question

Ethnic group

answer

group of people who share common cultural patterns or national origins

question

Immigration

answer

movement of people away from their native lands to become permanent residents of another country

question

Multiculturalism

answer

acknowledgement, appreciation, and understanding of cultural diversity

question

Multiethnic or transracial adoption

answer

permanent placement of children of one ethnicity or race with parents of a different ethnicity or race

question

Race

answer

umbrella term that includes multiple ethnic groups

question

Refugee

answer

person who is fleeing persecution from countries considered to be oppressive

question

Reparations

answer

payments made to redress past injustices

question

Social construction

answer

image of group's characteristics and values determined by people who have power in society

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