question

is the study of neuroanatomy, or where structures are located, and neurophysiology, or how the brain functions.

answer

Neuroscience

question

is the study of the neuroanatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of language.

answer

neurolinguistics

question

is composed of the brain, spinal cord and all associated nerves and sense organs

answer

the human nervous system

question

is made up of the brain and spinal cord.

answer

central nervous system

question

is any neural tissue that exists outside the CNS. It conducts impulses either away or to the CNS.

answer

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

question

The PNS consists of ___ cranial and ____ spinal nerves

answer

12, 31

question

The cranial nerves are especially important for ____ , ____, and _____ and course between the brainstem and the face and neck.

answer

speech, language and hearing

question

basic unit of the nervous system. It contains a cell body, an axon and several dendrites

answer

neuron

question

(single, long) transmits impulses away from the cell body

answer

axon

question

(branchy) receives impulses from other cells and transmit them to the cell body.

answer

dendrites

question

A _____ is a gap between two neurons that functions as the site of information transfer from one neuron to another.

answer

synapse

question

At its lower end the CNS contains the spinal cord, which transmits impulses between the ___ and the _____ nervous system.

answer

brain, peripheral

question

At the top of the spinal cord is the ______

answer

brainstem

question

the brainstem consists of the ( 4 things)

answer

medulla oblongata, pons, thalamus, and midbrain

question

the medulla oblongata, pons, thalamus, and midbrain structures regulate _____ functions. ( ex breathing, heart rate).

answer

involuntary

question

To the rear of the brainstem is the ______ , which controls equilibrium.

answer

cerebellum

question

Atop the brainstem and cerebellum is the

answer

cerebrum

question

the cerebrum is divided into ____ halves : ___ and ___ hemisphere

answer

2; left and right

question

are sensory and motor functions of the cerebrum ipsilateral or contralateral?

answer

contralateral

question

Each hemisphere consists of white fibrous connective tracts covered by a gray cortex of

answer

cell bodies

question

the 3 types of fiber tracts are

answer

association, projection and transverse

question

The cortex has a wrinkled appearance caused by little hills called gyri and valleys called ____or ___

answer

fissures, sulci

question

Each hemisphere is divided into how many lobes? An what are the names for these lobes ?

answer

4; frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal.

question

The ___ ___separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

answer

central sulcus

question

in front of the central sulcus is the ____ , and its also a strip that controls motor movements.

answer

motor cortex

question

Behind and parallel to the motor cortex: the _____ _____receives sensory input from muscles, joints , bones, skin.

answer

sensory cortex

question

Three basic brain functions are

answer

regulation, processing and formulation

question

the distribution of specialized functions is usually lateralized to one hemisphere.

answer

Hemispheric Asymmetry

question

which hemisphere Integrates information, dominant in visual spatial processing (depth and orientation in space), perception and recognition of faces. Capable of recognition of printed words, but had difficulty decoding information using grapheme-phoneme (letter-sound) correspondence rules. Comprehension and production of speech prosody, music, melodies, laughter.

answer

right hemisphere

question

RH language‐related skills include;

answer

metaphorical language and semantics; and comprehension of complex linguistic and ideational material and of environmental sounds.

question

Is specialized for language, linear order perception, arithmetic calculations, and logical reasoning. Also for control of speech and non-speech related oral movements.

answer

left hemisphere

question

language development is highly correlated with brain maturation and specialization. this is called ?

answer

brain maturation

question

The number of neurons do not change dramatically. They increase in size as ____ and ____ grow to form a dense interconnected web.

answer

dendrites and axons

question

Most of the increase in size of dendrites and axons is the result of

answer

myelination

question

____ determine the basic wiring

answer

Genes

question

______ determines the pathways.

answer

Experience

question

The ____ receptor areas of the temporal lobes mature somewhat later than the visual receptor areas.

answer

auditory

question

Language development is highly correlated with brain ________ and ________.

answer

maturation and specialization.

question

Two important aspects of brain maturation are ____ and _______ .

answer

weight and organization

question

Brain weight _____ during the first two years of life.

answer

triples

question

By age ____ , the brain has usually reached its full weight.

answer

12

question

Disease, malnutrition, or sensory deprivation result in less _____ and ____ functioning. Increased functioning is the result of

answer

density and decreased; myelination

question

Myelination is controlled, in part, by sex‐related hormones, especially _____ .

answer

estrogen

question

The left ____ is most active in speech production; important for ____ feedback from the articulators.

answer

Insula; motor

question

Some areas of the brain are more important than others for language processing, specially ____ and _____ regions of the left hemisphere.

answer

frontal and temporal

question

The auditory signals received in the thalamus are relayed to the ____ _____(primary auditory cortex). (60% from the opposite ear).

answer

Heschl's gyrus

question

_____ _____and surrounding auditory areas separate linguistic information from noise.

answer

Heschl's gyrus

question

Linguistic information receives further processing. Coded linguistic input is sent to the ____ temporal lobe and paralinguistic information (intonation, stress, etc.) is sent to the ____ temporal lobe

answer

left, right

question

language: three brain areas interact as the foundations of language and they are

answer

a production area, a comprehension area, and a conceptual area

question

comprehension area is also known as

answer

Wernicke's area

question

production area is also known as

answer

Broca's area

question

represents the phonological lexicon (the area that stores permanent information about word sounds)

answer

Wernicke's area

question

it is the speech planning and programming area.

answer

broca's area

question

word representations activate related concepts in the concepts centers area

answer

conceptual area

question

the pathway from Wernicke's to Broca's areas.

answer

Arcuate Fasciculus

question

The conceptual basis of a message forms in one of the many memory areas of the cortex. The message structure is organized in Wernicke's area, then the message is transmitted through the.....

answer

arcuate fasciculus, a white matter tract underlying the angular gyrus, to Broca's area.

question

is responsible for detailing and coordinating the programming of verbalizing the message

answer

broca's area

question

Signals are passed to regions of the motor cortex that activate the muscles responsible for _____, ______, _____, and ________.

answer

respiration, phonation, resonation, and articulation.

question

which area is for activation of the muscles used for writing ?

answer

exner's area

question

When explaining linguistic processing we should distinguish between structures and controlled processes. Structures are fixed ______ and _______features of your nervous system.

answer

anatomical and physiological

question

The way incoming information is processed represents the voluntary problem‐solving strategies of each person.

answer

information processing

question

sentences require the aid of memory in which the incoming information is held while analysis is accomplished AND is most likely located in or near Broca's area in the left frontal area.

answer

working memory

question

Incoming information undergoes linguistic analysis in ____ ____ and The angular gyrus and the supramarginal gyrus assist in this process

answer

Wernicke's area (left temporal lobe).

question

Written input is received in the ____ cortex and transferred to the ______ _____, where it may be integrated with auditory input. This information is then transmitted to _____ area for analysis

answer

visual; angular gyrus,; Wernicke's

intro to speech and language test 1 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards