Intro to Sociology – Chapter 15 – Flashcards
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animism
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the religion that believes in the divinity of nonhuman beings, like animals, plants, and objects of the natural world
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atheism
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belief in no deities
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cults
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religious groups that are small, secretive, and highly controlling of members and have a charismatic leader
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denomination
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a large, mainstream religion that is not sponsored by the state
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ecclesia
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a religion that is considered the state religion
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established sects
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sects that last but do not become denominations
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liberation theology
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the use of a church to promote social change via the political arena
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megachurch
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a Christian church that has a very large congregation averaging more than 2,000 people who attend regular weekly services
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monotheism
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a religion based on belief in a single deity
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polytheism
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a religion based on belief in multiple deities
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religion
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a system of beliefs, values, and practices concerning what a person holds to be sacred or spiritually significant
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religious beliefs
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specific ideas that members of a particular faith hold to be true
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religious experience
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the conviction or sensation that one is connected to "the divine"
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religious rituals
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behaviors or practices that are either required for or expected of the members of a particular group
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sect
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a small, new offshoot of a denomination
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In what ways does religion serve the role of a social institution?
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Religions have a complex and integrated set of norms; Religious practices and beliefs are related to societal values; Religions often meet several basic needs (All of the above)
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A cultural universal is something that:
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Is found in all cultures
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Which of the main theoretical perspectives would approach religion from the micro-level, studying how religion impacts an individual's sense of support and well-being?
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Symbolic interactionism
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Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to keep the social system running smoothly?
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Functional perspective
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Which socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society?
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Conflict theory
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Which of the following do the functionalist and conflict perspectives share?
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Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms
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The Protestant work ethic was viewed in terms of its relationship to:
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Capitalism
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toteism
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belief in a divine connection between humans and other natural beings
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What are some denominations of the Christian Protestant church?
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Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist
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A sect:
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Often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals
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The main difference between an ecclesia and a denomination is:
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Ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion
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Some controversial groups that may be mislabeled as cults include:
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Scientology and the Hare Krishna
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In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism been primarily practiced?
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China
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Many stories in the sacred text of Judaism are:
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Shared by Christianity and Islam
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What do Christianity and Islam have in common?
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Both believe in a single supreme God; Both share many of the same stories in their central religious texts; Both believe in an afterlife (all of the above)
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Social scientists refer to the use of a church to combat social injustice in the political realm as:
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Liberation theology
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Megachurches tend to have:
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Large arenas where services are held
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What is the primary reason sociologists study religion?
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to study the role that religion plays in people's lives
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Which two words did Emile Durkheim use to distinguish between religious objects and non-religious objects?
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Sacred; profane
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Which of the following is NOT true of the sociological perspective on religion?
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Religion is a symbol of high culture
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What correlation between religion and society did Max Weber see and study?
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Religion was very influential over the economy and the habits of workers
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Roberto has just moved to a new city. He does not know anyone but he wants to find a mosque where he can practice Islam. Which theory will Roberto use, either consciously or subconsciously, to make a decision?
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Rational Choice Theory
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You are interested, like Durkheim, in how ordinary objects become sacred. Which theoretical approach will help you most in analyzing the data you collect?
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Symbolic interactionsim
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A sociologist studying how religious beliefs become so deeply rooted in people that they can hate people of other religions probably is
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A conflict theorist
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The _________ records Jewish interpretations of the _________ which is their sacred text.
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Talmud; Torah
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When Rosa and Sergei realized that the poor were being neglected in their city, they mobilized the members of their synagogue to send letters to the government asking them to fix the growing rate of poverty, or at least, fund the citizens so they might help their neighbors. This is an example of
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Liberation Theology
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Name the religion that practices "The Four Noble Truths".
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Buddhism
