Intro to Nursing Final Exam-UDM – Flashcards
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What are characteristics of a nurse educated in the Mercy and Jesuit Traditions? Make sure you can describe these characteristics.
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Mercy characteristics-God's mercy impels us to act, Care for the whole person Care for the vulnerable Practical and immediate Jesuit Characteristics-"Find god in all things" The "holy" is to be found everywhere Excellence in education Reflection leads to action
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Why do we study nursing theory? Why is the relevance to nursing practice?
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The ultimate goal of nursing theory is to support excellence in practice. It helps nurses to know why and what they are doing. It guides nursing practice and generates knowledge.
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How can a nurse reduce their risk of legal action against them?
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Ensure that client receives competent, safe, & holistic care Render care by "standards of reasonable, prudent person" Supervise/evaluate that which has been delegated Documentation of care Maintain clinical competency
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Autonomy
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commitment to include clients in decisions about all aspects of care.
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Beneficience
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The doing of good, always consider ones actions in context of the patients life and situation (however, what is good for the patient may also cause harm to the patient)
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Justice
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Treat equals the same and un-equals differently Relates to allocation of resources Ideal world vs. real world Relates to health disparities Often leaves us with more questions than answers
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Non maleficence
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duty to do no harm It is foundation of medicines Hippocratic oath It is also critical to the nursing profession
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Double Effect
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One may produce a distressful or undesirable effect if the intent is to produce an overall good result
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Fidelity
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faithfulness or honoring ones commitments or promises
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Veracity
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telling the truth, not lying Two exceptions o If patient asks not to be told the truth o If patient is mentally incompetent
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What is Evidence Based Practice? What does it mean in terms of nursing practice?
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Evidence based practice: an approach to the delivery of health care that integrates the best evidence from studies and patient care data with clinician expertise and patient preferences and values In nursing, EBP requires research that supports the specific interventions Focusing on evidence of effective interventions prevents practice from deteriorating into routine or traditional care based on "what has always been done" without concern for advances in care
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Discuss collaboration and what collaboration in the health care setting involves.
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We work in a multidisciplinary team, respecting all the professionals for their unique knowledge
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What is therapeutic use of self in the nurse-patient relationship?
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Using aspects of the nurse's personality, background, life skills and knowledge to develop a connection with the patient.
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What is your responsibilities to the patient with regard to informed consent and HIPAA?
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All patients or their guardians must grant informed consent before treatment, except for life-threatening emergencies. Three major conditions exist: Consent must be voluntary. It must be given by the individual with capacity and competence to understand. The patient must be provided enough information to be the ultimate decision-maker. Informed consent must entail a comprehensive set of information about treatments, risks, side effects, benefits, costs, and alternatives.
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Why is it so important to develop caring, therapeutic relationships with your patients?
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The nurse develops a relationship with the patient to meet several purposes. Creating a therapeutic environment depends on the nurse's ability to communicate, provide comfort, and help the patient meet his or her needs. Example of Comforting Strategies: gentle humor, physical comfort measures, emotionally supportive statements, and comforting and connecting touch. Nurses provide information, support patients' active decision making, and offer opportunities to engage in social exchange.
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Why should a nurse always practice from the perspective of justice, never being biased or judgmental toward any patient
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The principle of justice in health care dictates that patients with the same diagnosis and needs should receive the same care.
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Culture of Safety
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Reporting errors or near misses. Everyone makes mistakes but there are guidelines to follow
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How does one become culturally competent - what does this mean? Understand the importance of appropriate communication with your patients, use of a medical interpreter and understand intra-ethnic variation
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Nurses need to understand the cultural views that affect perception of an illness as well as the pathophysiology of the illness. By having experiences with clients from other cultures - awareness of these experiences - promoting mutual respect for differences 1. care is specific to the client 2. care is based on clients cultural norms and values 3. care includes self-empowerment strategies 4. Care is provided with sensitivity
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What is the name of the 3 books used in the Foundation Package? What is the purpose of each book?
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Scope &standards of practice Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements is available Nursing's social policy statement: the essence of the profession
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What does caring for patients from a holistic perspective mean?
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Holistic: relating to the idea that things should be studied as a whole and not just as a sum of their parts Holistic health care: focus on the care of the entire body and mind not just body parts
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What is delegation in nursing practice? Understand what you can delegate, to whom and your responsibilities as a RN once you have delegated a task to another person - are you still responsible for the task or is the other person?
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transferring the authority to perform a selected nurse task in a selected situation to a competent individual. The 5 rights of delegation: Right task, right circumstance, right person, right direction/communication, right supervision
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Discuss the role of spirituality in health care. Include a discussion about patients who are spiritual have trust in God in times of illness and continue to pray, but in times of stress they may experience spiritual distress and react by directing their anger toward the nurse.
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The concept of spirituality in nursing is deeply rooted in the history of our profession, yet it's often overlooked in nursing practice. Nursing education describes spiritual care as a necessary component in the holistic care of clients. This component of holistic care is also required by The Joint Commission, and the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association addresses the importance of spirituality
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Discuss issues related to "the impaired" nurse.
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the inability or impending inability to practice according to accepted standards as a result or substance use, abuse or dependency.Obvious signs of intoxication (odor, dilated pupils, slurred speech, unsteady gait) Change in appearance (disheveled, bloodshot eyes) Change in behavior (cognitive changes, mood swings, frequent absenteeism, taking excessive breaks, more disorganized in work, frequent mistakes) Medication admin issues (frequently volunteering to give meds, frequent discrepancies in narcotics count, pt reports of no pain relief)
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What is "Person centered care"?
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A system that emphasizes coordinating patient care to maximize patient comfort, convenience, and security.
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Discuss Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
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A theory in psychology introduced by Abraham Maslow in his 1943. It suggests that the most basic level of needs must be met before an individual will strongly desire (or focus motivation upon) the secondary or higher level needs. Physiological needs (bottom) Safety needs Love/belonging needs Esteem needs Self-actualization (top)
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What is the Nursing Process? How is it used in nursing?
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The nursing process: a series of organized steps designed for nurses to provide excellent care. Learn the five phases, including assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating
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What is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)? What rights are guaranteed under this act?
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HIPAA is the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. The primary goal of the law is to make it easier for people to keep health insurance, protect the confidentiality and security of healthcare information and help the healthcare industry control administrative costs.
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Who was Catherine McCauley? How does her role relate to the McAuley School of Nursing?
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She was an Irish nun who founded the Sisters of Mercy in 1831. In the House of Mercy she educated homeless women and children. Her role relates to the McCauley School of Nursing by combining religion into our nursing practice, and showing compassion to those vulnerable patients who need it the most.
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Discuss verbal and non-verbal communication. What is the difference? Which is often more reliable?
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Communication is the exchange of thoughts, ideas, or information at the heart of all relationships. Levels of communication Verbal consists of all speech. Nonverbal includes all non-speech: grooming, clothing, gestures, posture, facial expression, eye contact. Nonverbal is more reliable.
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Nurses are called "one of the most trusted professions". What do nurses do that helps developing a trusting relationship with their patients?
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In order to develop a trusting relationship with their patients, nurses must share their genuine selves with their patient. Even a core element such as patient teaching can be carried out in an interpersonal manner true to a caring relationship. Caring itself is now considered to be a central concept of the discipline of nursing.
