Intro philosophy 6-10 – Flashcards

The epistemological view that knowledge is impossible is:

Who argued that we are born with intellectual "blank slates" or tabula rasa?

Who claimed that nothing exists independent of the mind of God?

The epistemological view that all knowledge is derived through sense experience is:

Who argued that, as a philosopher, he was committed to radical skepticism?

For Kant, the noumenal world is perceivable.

By developing informed beliefs, individuals can construct an enlightened ethical perspective, develop a thoughtful approach to religion, and develop a sophisticated and integrated view of reality.

For Hume, the logical conclusion of empiricism is skepticism.

Rationalists argue that we enter the world with innate knowledge.

Empiricists argue that we can achieve genuine knowledge independent of sense experience.

Studying the philosophy of religion is designed to expand, enrich, and deepen your understanding of other religions.

Studying the philosophy of religion is designed to turn all persons into atheists and engage persons in emotional arguments.

For Clifford, one can believe in God's existence without sufficient evidence.

A theodicy is a defense of the justness or goodness of God in the face of doubts or objections arising from the problem of evil.

Arguments for the existence of God were presented to satisfy a desire for objective proof of a transcendent being.

Religions that remain tied to the original people and location from which they developed are called:

Religion can provide a framework for human life. Of the following, what kinds of questions can religion answer?

Who argued that all religions are expressions of a patriarchal reality in which women are placed in a subjugated position?

Who believed that religion is a vital personal quest all must face when confronted with the possible meaninglessness of life?

Of the following, which religion believes that souls can have eternal salvation due to a belief in Jesus?

The ethical theory that claims moral values depend on individual opinion or cultural norms is:

The ethical theory that proposes we act morally when we do what God commands us to do is:

The ethical theory that proposes we pursue our own happiness and self-interest is:

Etical concepts include:

The view that we are compelled by our psychological makeup to always pursue our own interest is:

King, Jr. argued that civil disobedience is moral if it does not conflict with Human Law.

Normative ethics addresses "what is the case."

For Rand, altruism and compassion are virtues.

There is no difference between studying morality and being a moral person.

Ethical subjectivism is a recipe for moral anarchy.

Who argues that individual actions are motivated by a "caring response" rooted in "natural caring"?

Who argued that an act is moral when it produces the most pleasure and least suffering or pain?

Who argued that moral value is determined by following the maxims prescribed by reason?

Who claimed that we must recognize that the moral choices we make are for all humankind and we must resist the urge to escape this responsibility for all humankind?

According to de Beauvoir, what gives life meaning?

Singer argued that "specieism" is morally wrong and employed the principle of utility as justification.

Ethical hedonism is the view that an action's consequences determine its moral value.

For Aristotle, everyone should pursue "happiness."

Nietzsche believed that we must exercise our "will to power" to the fullest possible extent.

Existential ethics are devoid of moral values.

Capitalism is a social organization based on communal ownership of resources and self-government.

Mill believed that it was never acceptable to interfere with an individual's liberty.

For Plato, a just society allows for civil disobedience.

Distributive justice is a theory that deals with how society's wealth, opportunity, and power should be distributed.

Who argued that humans are fundamentally predisposed to selfishness and "state of nature," and when unrestrained by laws, leads to chaos?

Who claimed that to conceive of a fair and just society, we must assume a "veil of ignorance" regarding our own standing and situation within that idealized society?

Who believed that humans are governed by natural laws and entitled to inalienable rights, such as the right to life, liberty, health, and property?

Who argued that an ideal state could only be achieved by a commitment to the principles of virtue, both by the leaders and the citizens?

Which of the following concepts must be considered when defining an ideal just society?

For Aristotle, living in society is unnatural.