intercultural comm – Flashcards
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What type of migrants are people who leave their countries to come to the united states permanently, because they want to be close to relatives who have already come?
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immigrants
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What two primary characteristics distinguish different migrant groups?
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length of migration and motivation for migration
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Which of the following is true for culture shock?
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culture shock can result in an identity crisis
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What two type of uncertainty do migrants experience when they begin interacting in the "host" culture?
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predictive and explanatory uncertainty
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Which model has traditionally been the most commonly used to describe cultural adaptation?
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U-curve model
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According to the transitional model of adaptation,
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adaptation involves loss and change.
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A type of cultural adaptation in which an individual gives uphill or her heritage and adopts the mainstream cultural identity is called.
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Assimilation
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A multicultural identity can be defined as
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an identity built on the sense of in-betweenness that develops as a result of frequent or multiple cultural border crossings.
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Which of the following is true for reentry adaptation?
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One of the challenges of reentry adaptation is that people do not expect o have difficulties
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Which of the following information is addressed in the communication system model?
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Adaptation occurs through communication and is preceded by stress
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Which of the following is NOT something you read about in the additional reading describing Kim's Cross Cultural Adaptation chapter?
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co-cultural theory
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_________ refers to the extent the host environment challenges strangers to adopt the patterns of the host culture and its communication system.
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host conformity pressure.
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What initially motivated the exportation of U.S. popular culture?
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The decision to use it to advertise U.S. products
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To what does cultural imperialism refer?
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One culture dominates others through the spread of cultural products.
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People sometimes resist popular culture because
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their values conflict with those presented in popular culture.
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Intercultural communication scholars are interested in popular culture because
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most people rely on popular culture for information about other cultural groups.
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Cultural texts are
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advertisements, films, television shows.
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Which statement is true about popular culture and stereotypes?
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Popular media often reinforces existing stereotypes of different ethnic groups.
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How are U.S. Americans affected by the global imbalance of popular culture texts?
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They are dependent on U.S. produced popular culture, since they have limited access to popular culture products from other countries
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Which of the following is true about how people resist cultural texts?
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Refusal to participate in popular culture is one form of showing resistance.
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Manusov and Hedge's study showed that having some cultural information and positive expectations about a cultural group-- before interacting with someone from that group
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may lead to more in depth conversations than having no information.
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Who tends to be most influence by popular culture portrayals of another cultural group?
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People who have a tendency toward ethnocentric attitudes
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T/F: According to the article you read about how journalists covered hurricane Katrina, when two journalists talk with each other on air during a crisis like Katrina they are less likely to monitor what they say and their discourse may be more likely to reflect racial ideologies.
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True
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Which of the following was NOT in the model Johnson et al. proposed to explain factors which might influence journalists to express their racial ideology?
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A heightened sense of control over their self presentation.
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Which of the following is a potential "turning point" in a relationship?
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asking a friend for a favor, asking a friend to do an activity, self- disclosure.
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When one partner denies his or her own culture for that of the partner, it is called
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submissive style
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Collier compares conversational rules in close friendships across four different co-cultural groups in the U.S., and the result indicates:
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Lation/as emphsized relational support as an important aspect of close friendships
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In a study of intercultural relationship development, Sudweek and her colleagues found that it is important that each arty makes time for the relationship. this is a theme of
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involvement
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Which of the following is true of intercultural relationships?
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People may be attracted to each other because they have different cultural backgrounds.
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Which of the following are major reasons for people choosing not to date outside of their ethnic group?
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They just don't think about it.
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What does Gao's conclude about heterosexual relationships among chines and U.S. American young people?
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The Chinese students stressed the importance of their partners connectedness to their family.
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A Chinese term for relational network is
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guanxi
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Barnlund found that
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U.S. American students tended to talk to more strangers.
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The greatest cultural difference Lewin found in his cross cultural studies of self disclosure was
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the degree to which people were motivated to share very person information.
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In the friendship article which group studying in the U.S. reported having the fewest number of U.S. friends?
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Those from East Asia
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Which theory/framework we have studied in this class was mentioned as important in the friendship article?
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indivdiualism-collectivism
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According to the friendship article, if you are an international student living in which region of the U.S. are you less likely to have U.S. friends?
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The metropolitan Northeast
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In dealing with conflict, which of the following suggestions is provided by the textbook authors?
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maintain contact and identify your preferred style.
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Which is true for individualistic societies?
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They emphasize less direct forms of communication.
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Why are economic problems often blamed on cultural differences?
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Decision makers blame cultural difference to divert attention away from their own responsibility for the problems
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What is one of the challenges of Western mediation models for helping with intercultural conflict?
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They often ignore cultural variations in the conflict process.
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Which of the following statements is NOT accurate?
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The critical approach emphasizes cultural, historical and structural elements as the primary sources of conflict.
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Dialogues between two people or two groups work when
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The non dominant one has less power
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According to research studies that investigate face-sling and conflict, the concern for saving of other dignity and face is higher in ________ cultures that in _______ cultures.
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Collectivistic, individualistic.
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According to cross cultural studies on conflicts, all of the following statements are characteristics of low conflict societies EXCEPT.
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a preference for joint problem solving.
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In productive conflict, individuals or groups.
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Narrow the conflict individuals or groups
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Which is/are true of social conflicts?
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they are fueled by unequal or unjust social relationships between groups.
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The extra reading for this week involved interview data collected from people working where?
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Mozambique
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The academic article for this week mentioned which of the following theories
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the contact hypothesis and social identity theory.
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If Jurgen, from Germany, si communicating with his friend Koji from Japan an accidentally offends Koji, who never tells him, what approach may Jurgen have been using to communicate
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Unconscious incompetence
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How can the practice of dialogue help someone to become a better intercultural communicator?
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true dialogue reflects feelings of mutual equlaity and supportiveness which really helps us really hear the voices of those who come from other cultures.
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in the intercultural context, empathy refers to
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the capacity to imagine oneself in another role within a different cultural context
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Which of the following is the most important dimension of intercultural competence
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Knowledge
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Linguistic knowledge leads to higher intercultural competence because
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knowing the difficulty of learning a second language helps us develop empathy for individuals who face the challenges in new cultural contexts
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Which of the following is true about the role of motivation in intercultural communication?
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Historical and political contexts may influence a persons motivation to communicate.
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If Nadini, who is from India, is really trying hard to communicate as appropriately and effectively as possible with her American classmate, she is operating from which level of competence
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unconscious competnence
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Which is an example of an interpretive statement?
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i think you are getting behind in your classes
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Tolerance for ambiguity refers to
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the ability to feel comfortable in situations with many unknown elements
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The critical approach to intercultural communication competence reminds us that
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good communicators need to think about how cultural variations influence the process of communication
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Sources to look at when deciding whether or no a behavior of people from another culture is ethical or not.
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Proxemics, eye contact, facial expressions
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Components of an intercultural ethic.
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What is considered right or wrong in different cultures, morality
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How dialogue can help you become a better intercultural communicator?
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To recognize and embrace our connectedness, reciprocity to all, engage in true dialogue
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What is meant for empathy and tolerance for ambiguity?
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empathy--> capcity to walk in another persons shoes
tolerance of ambiguity--> ease with which an individual copes with situations in which a great deal of stress
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What role does motivation play in intercultural success?
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Most important aspect, desire to make a commitment in relationships to learn about the self and other and to remain flexible
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levels of communication competence.
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U1=be yourself; clueless
C1=Realize problem but don't know why
CC= based on analytical thinking and learning
UC= things go smoothly but not a conscious process
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What does the critical approach say is important for intercultural to be aware of?
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Cultural influences; institutional, political, and class differences
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What factors are important in Kim's model of cross cultural adaptation?
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communication skills
individual differences (gender, age expectation)
reciprocity of host environment
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What do we know about culture shock?
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relatively short term feeling of discrimination of discomfort due to unfamiliarity of surroundings.
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What do we know about multicultural identities about reentry adaptation?
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multicultural identities--> often struggle to reconcile two very different sets of values, norms, world views, and lifestyles
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What are two cultural orientations toward time and how do people from each orientation view time?
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U.S. emphasize the future
europeans emphasize importance of the present
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Know the elements in expectancy violation theory and how we are likely to react to violations
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diverting attention to communicate and/or relationship characteristic/behaviors. we compare nonverbal with expectations.
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what does the recent research on nonverbal communication tell us regarding cultural differences/similarities?
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involves all nonverbal stimuli in communication setting that are generated by both source and their environment have potential message value to the receiver
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What role do cultural spaces play on our communication
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high contact- interpersonally oriented communication
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what are some universal nonverbals?
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body behaviors; general appearance (hair, skin color) eye contact, proxemics, vocalization
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cultures have rules for how relationships are to be conducted. how do those rules differ due to hoftedes dimensions
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U.S. physical, passion, individual autonomy/ freedom
chinese- emphasize expectancy/ appreciation of their home culture
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how do our expectations regarding love differ across cultures?
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stereotypes
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how do americans differ in their views of friendship from other cultures
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we use self disclosure to develop relationships to feel included to control and to give and gain affection
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how can culturally different friends manage the prejudice and racism experienced within the relationship and from outsiders?
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ignoring, withdrawing, educating, prayer
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how can you manage cross cultural conflict more effectively?
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stay centered maintain conflict be willing to forgive and seek to be open minded about compromise
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What prompted the exportation of U.S. popular culture?
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1920's U.S. began exporting films to boost sales of U.S. products
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What is cultural imperialism?
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domination thru the spread of cultural products
