Human – Flashcards

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By assimilating local elites and selected individuals into the norms of global capitalist and corporate culture, former colonies like Kenya still find themselves under the domination of the core in a process known as?
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Neocolonialism
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In practice, the USSR operated as a
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unitary state.
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In their attempt to secede from ________, only Russia (illegally) supports and recognizes the newly independent state of Crimea.
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Ukraine
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From its origins around modern-day Moscow in 1462, the territory of the Russian land empire and Soviet Union had expanded to fill in the entire area between all of the following bodies of water except
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the Mediterranean.
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All of the following were European states in the 1980s. Which continues as a European state today?
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Yugoslavia
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Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians became refugees as a result of
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the creation and territorial expansion of Israel.
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The West Bank and Gaza Strip are called the "Occupied Territories" because they are
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remnants of Palestine occupied by Israel.
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Which country most extensively colonized South America?
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Spain
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This part of the former Yugoslavia saw a horrific civil war between Serbs and ethnic Albanian
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Kosovo
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Mountains define most of the boundaries between all the following, except US & Mexico. This was NOT an independent country in 1989.
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Slovakia
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Lakes form a prominent part of boundaries between all the following, except
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Zambia & Zimbabwe.
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Which of the following countries is NOT a member of the United Nations Security Council?
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Japan
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The process of determining the boundaries of districts for the purpose of electing political officials is called
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redistricting
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Which of the following organizations is an international military alliance?
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
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_________ has been carved like a territorial pie into claims
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Antarctica
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_________ was the rationale behind stopping the spread of communism
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The Domino theory
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________ allows core states to continue exploiting periphery states.
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Neocolonialism
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_______ did not formally end until just after World War II.
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The British presence in India
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______ established the colonial mandate system.
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The League of Nations
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The postcolonial history of India has included
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partition, regional conflicts, and ethnic conflicts.
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The main cause of civil strife in Rwanda stems from
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the Belgian colonial practice of favoring Tutsis.
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The East/West divide that first emerged with the Russian Revolution of 1917 and is still seen in US/China relations, is centered on the West's anxieties about
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communism
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_____ is a set of institutions that controls territory and is active, not static.
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The state
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The relatively peaceful dismantling of the USSR was ___________ in part by the fact that USSR had a ______________
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facilitated, federal structure
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Which of the following is NOT one of the states that formed from the former Soviet Union after its breakup?
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Chechnya
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Lenin's solution to the "national problem" was a
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federalist system of government
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After having been stateless for centuries, this culture group established its own state in 1948—and has been in territorial conflict with its neighbors ever since
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Jews
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In which form of government is significant power given to smaller units of government within the State?
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Federal state
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____________ was influenced by social Darwinism of the mid-19th century.
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Political geography
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For political geographers, __________ is at the center of most inquiry.
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the state
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The true nation-state
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is relatively uncommon
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The territory of Antarctica has been claimed by
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a handful of countries from both the North and the South.
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According to a map in your book, __________________ claim the largest portions of Antarctica.
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Australia and Norway
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Which of the following is not among the seven sovereign states that emerged from the dissolution of Yugoslavia?
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Crimea
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_________ help(s) cultural geographers think about how the material world possess the power to affect humans.
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ANT and NRT
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___________ is the strong devotion to local interests and customs and has been used to explain the Civil War as the Union's effort to make sure that the strong attachment to the institution of slavery would not take priority over the unity of the whole
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Sectionalism
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The global spread of Western representations and norms of beauty through television and the Web has?
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Led to a culture of dissatisfaction with people's own bodies.
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Whereas reapportionment adjusts the amount of political representation give to a certain geographical area, redistricting adjusts?
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The geographical area.
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The recent experience of the Chechens and Kurds is similar in that both
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have struggled unsuccessfully for independence.
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With globalization and the increasing importance of trade-facilitating organizations, states are?
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Becoming sites of transnational flows and connections.
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Of the following, the widest gender gap is seen in the amount of the world's?
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Property owned by women.
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The territorially-based sense of identity in groups like the Basques, Kurds and Quebec's French-speaking population is referred to as?
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Regionalism
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The East/West divide refers to the divide between
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communist and noncommunist countries during the Cold War.
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The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolizes the?
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End of the Cold War, the beginning of the new "new world order", and the triumph of capitalism over communism.
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Halford Mackinder, developer of the Heartland theory, thought that this country was most likely to make a bid for world domination
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Russia
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Nationalists that won an independent state from another country are properly called as?
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Sectionalist
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According to Halford Mackinder's Heartland theory, the "geographical pivot" from which world conquest could be controlled includes the area of
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Eurasia, including Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia.
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The (re)acquisition of sovereignty and territorial integrity following colonization is known as
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decolonization
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Contract farming—whereby production in the periphery is for consumption in the core—is one example of
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neocolonialism
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Despite the independence of India, Rwanda and Algeria, the continuing effects of colonialism are still seen in
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violent conflicts involving territory and power
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From the following, the best example of a supranational organization is?
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The European Union
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According to Ratzel's theory of the state, imperialism emerges from the need for territorial expansion tied to
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population growth
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The process of allocating electoral seats to geographical areas is known as
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reapportionment
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In the transition of the USSR to the CIS, Russia went from being the core of a federated state to being the most powerful member of
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confederation
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Which of the following have been tried by 20th-century states to eliminate or minimize the potential for fragmenting or breaking apart?
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Decentralization of power, consolidation or centralizing of power, destruction of ethnic minorities, and increased autonomy of ethnic minorities.
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The Zapatista rebellion in Chiapas (Mexico) coincided with the beginning of NAFTA and concerned the issue of
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a peasant way of life, indigenous rights, globalization, and exploitation.
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A cultural group with a territorial identity is known as a
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nation
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Drawing from social Darwinism, Friedrich Ratzel's model of the state—in which state growth and change were "natural" and inevitable—portrayed the state as a
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biological organism.
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To be considered a nation, a group of people must
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share cultural elements like religion, language, history, politics.
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Of the following, the United States is best characterized as a
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republic
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Which of the following pairs best represent nation-states?
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Japan and Iceland
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Which of the following best characterizes Antarctica?
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The Last Frontier.
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Which is the most inclusive organization (has most members) and has as a primary goal the maintenance of international peace and security?
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United Nations.
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The Kurds, Roma, Bedoon of Kuwait, and Palestinians have this in common—they are
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stateless people.
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Only _________ currently exists as a frontier region where territoriality is undeveloped
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Antarctica
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Frontier regions, where territoriality is underdeveloped, are known for their
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marginality
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Contributing to the conflicts and tensions in Africa is the colonial legacy of borders that doesn't include
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dividing people by religion
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According to our text, imperialism begins with
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exploration
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The Berlin Wall and the Mexican border are good examples of
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exclusionary boundaries.
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Among the following, the best example of an inclusionary boundary is the boundary between ___________________.
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Wisconsin and Minnesota.
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Ratzel's belief that geopolitics stands from the interaction of __________________ is still popular today.
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power and territory
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For his work on characterizing the state based on such factors as climate, terrain and the relationship between population and territory, ____________ is often considered the first political geographer.
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Aristotle
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In the U.S. and many European countries, one of the most prominent expressions of sectionalism today are the political tensions between
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cities and suburbs.
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In the shifting map of Europe and regional allegiances, closer political-economic ties between Europe and ______________________ have heightened tensions between Russia and EU/NATO countries.
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Georgia and Ukraine
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Which two countries are NOT members of the European Union?
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Norway and Switzerland.
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Seven sovereign states that emerged from the dissolution of Yugoslavia:
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Serbia, Bosnia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Croatia, Macedonia and Kosovo.
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Popular European revolutions of the late 18th to mid-19th centuries transformed numerous monarchies into
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republics
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Which of the following spends more on military spending than all the other countries combined?
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United States
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The postcolonial history of India has included?
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Partition, regional conflicts, and ethnic conflicts.
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The separation of Crimea from Ukraine and its annexation to Russia is an example of
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irredentism
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OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) is an example of a(n) _______________ because its members are governments.
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intergovernmental organization
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Prior to Belgian colonialism in Rwanda, the Hutus and Tutsis lived together quite peacefully. According to our text, conflicts between the groups emerged after the Belgians introduced the concept of
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socio-political difference.
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A federal state (or federation) is
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one in which governmental power is disbursed to local units
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Nationalists that want an independent state of Quebec are properly described as
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secessionists.
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Territories like Canada, Michigan, and Washtenaw County that are delimited by formal boundaries are known as ________ spaces or regions.
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de jure
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As used in our text, the term state is closest in meaning to
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country
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In the context of the course and text, _________ is the best example of a state.
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Egypt
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The North/South Divide is used in our text to distinguish
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former colonizers from formerly colonized states.
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Of the following, the most prominent theory supporting U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War was the
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Domino theory.
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According to Halford Mackinder's Heartland theory, the "geographical pivot" from which world conquest could be controlled includes the area of
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Eurasia, including Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia.
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The new world order is characterized by all of the following except
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reduction in world terrorism.
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Which of the following trade-facilitating organizations is structured around a commodity rather than a world region?
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OPEC
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Three trillion dollars - $3,000,000,000,000 - represents
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the economic cost of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars.
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Before it split off from India in 1947 to become part of Pakistan, it was East Bengal. In 1971, it split off from Pakistan to become the independent state of
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Bangladesh
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With a few small exceptions, the countries of the European Union share all of the following except a
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European Union Constitution
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For a citizen of a country outside of the United States, who wishes to migrate to the USA in order to live and work, he/she must apply for and get ___________________________ from the U.S. government.
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Lawful Permanent Residence
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An example of a multiethnic state
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Canada
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Ejemplo de dos países independientes pero continúan viendo los efectos del colonialismo
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Marruecos y Algeria
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País que se crea como consecuencia de la Unión Soviética?
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Ucrania
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What is lawful permanent residence?
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Green card
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De los países miembros del Commonwealth of Independence Nations, un ejemplo que no tiene a la reina de Inglaterra como reina de ese lugar?
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India
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