Human muscle Anatomy and Physiology – Flashcards
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Frontalis
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Pulls up eyebrows
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Orbicularis oculi
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Closes eye
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Orbicularis Oris
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Pucker
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Zygomaticus
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Smile
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Buccinator
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Compresses cheeks (fish face)
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Platysma
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Frown
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Sternocleidomastoid
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Pulls head to side
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Masseter
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Chewing
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Temporalis
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Raises mandible
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Occipitalis
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Connects to frontalis to help raise the eyebrows
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Deltoid
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Prime mover of arm abduction
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Rhomboideus major
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Adduction of scapula (moves scapula towards the vertebral column)
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Teres major
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Adduction of humerus (stabilization of the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity)
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Latissimus dorsi
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Adduction of the humerus
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Trapezius
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Extends the head (antagonist of the sternocleidomastoid) and elevates, adducts, and stabilizes the scapula
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Subscapularis
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Internal rotation of the humerus
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Supraspinatus
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Abducts the humerus at the shoulder
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Infraspinatus
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External rotation of the humerus
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Teres minor
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Works with the infraspinatus in external rotation of the humerus
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Pectoralis major
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Adducts and flexes the humerus
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Serratus anterior
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Stabilizes and rotates the scapula (boxing muscle)
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External intercostals
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(Deep) raises ribcage to bring air into the lungs
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Internal intercostals
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(Deep) depresses the ribcage to move air out of the lungs
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Rectus abdominus
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Flexion of the vertebral column, compresses the abdominal contents
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External and internal obliques
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Flexion of the vertebral column, rotates the trunk and bends it laterally
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Transversus abdominus
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(Lateral/deepest) compresses the abdominal contents
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Gluteus Maximus
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Extension of the hip (climbing stairs, jumping)
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Gluteus Medius
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Abduction of hip, holding the pelvis steady when walking
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Tensor Faciae Latae
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(Lateral) flexes and rotates the thigh medially, stabilization of the knee joint
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Gracilis
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Adducts the thigh, flexes knee joint
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Iliopsoas
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Made of two fused muscles: illiacus and psoas major, prime mover of hip flexion
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Adductor longus
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Adducts, rotates, and flexes the thigh
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Adductor Magnus
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Adducts and extends the thigh
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Pectineus
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Synergist in hip flexion, medially rotates the thigh
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Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
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(Quad group) All work together to extend the knee
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Sartorius
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Used to sit cross-legged, assists in flexing, abducting, and rotating the hip, flexion of knee
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Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris
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(Hamstring group) all work together to flex the knee
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Gastrocnemius
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Prime mover for plantar flexion, "toe dancer's muscle"
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Soleus
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Synergist for plantar flexion
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Tibialis anterior
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Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot
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Biceps brachii
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Turns hand to face palm, and flexes arm and forearm
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Triceps brachii
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Extends forearm, adducts arm, extends shoulder
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Brachialis
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Assists the biceps brachii in flexing the elbow
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Flexor Carpi radialis
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Flex and abduct the hand
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Flexor carpi ulnaris
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Flexion and adduction of the wrist
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Palmaris longus
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Flexes wrist
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Extensor carpi radialis
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Helps move the hand
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Extensor carpi ulnaris
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Extends and adducts the wrist from anatomical position
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Extensor digitorum
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Extends the medial four digits of the hand
